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== वैदिकभाषाविशेषलक्षणानि ॥ Vedic Language Characteristics  ==

== वैदिकभाषाविशेषलक्षणानि ॥ Vedic Language Characteristics  ==

The following are the important features of Vedic Samskrit which differentiates it from the Loukika bhasha that has been in vogue since recent centuries. Some of these features are completely lost from the loukika bhasha.

The following are the important features of Vedic Samskrit which differentiates it from the loukika bhasha that has been in vogue since recent centuries. Some of these features are completely lost from the loukika bhasha.

==== स्वराः ॥ Svaras ====

==== स्वराः ॥ Svaras ====

==== लकाराः ॥ Tenses and Moods ====

==== लकाराः ॥ Tenses and Moods ====

* In vaidika bhasha usage of verb root in लेटलकारः (Subjunctive mood) is extensive. Many rules are applicable to this mood. Examples:

* लेटलकारः - In vaidika bhasha usage of verb root in लेटलकारः (Subjunctive mood) is extensive. It is used in two senses: of a contractual agreement (उपसंवादः) and doubt or probability (आशङ्का). A study of the Rigveda, according to Pt. Baldev Upadhayaya, clearly differentiates the '''लेटलकारः''' (Subjunctive mood) from '''विधिलिङ्''' (Potential Mood). The fulfillment of an action lies well within the capability limits of the speaker (in the first person) is given by the लेटलकारः| However, विधिलिङ् indicates that action whose fulfillment lies beyond the capability of the speaker and hence is described optional with sambhavana (संभावना | probability).<ref name=":4" />

* Many rules are applicable to this mood. Examples:

** ज्योतिपषत् - After the dhatu when इस् form is seen it is transformed to इष् |  

** ज्योतिपषत् - After the dhatu when इस् form is seen it is transformed to इष् |  

** तारिषत् - In the लेटलकारः form of word ending in स् will cause the वृद्धिः of the first svara of the dhatu

** तारिषत् - In the लेटलकारः form of word ending in स् will cause the वृद्धिः of the first svara of the dhatu

** मन्दिषत् - In Parasmaipadi forms of a few लेटलकारः words the इकारः of the vibhakti will be lost (लोपः).  

** मन्दिषत् - In Parasmaipadi forms of a few लेटलकारः words the इकारः of the vibhakti will be lost (लोपः).  

** करवाव and करवावः - In लेटलकारः first person (उत्तमपुरुषः) forms  

** करवाव and करवावः - In लेटलकारः first person (उत्तमपुरुषः) forms a word ending with visarga, is used with or without visarga optionally.

* Lit lakar (लिट्) is used for past perfect tense (परोक्षभूतकालः) in loukika bhasha but it is used in present tense (वर्तमानकालः) in vaidika bhasha

* Lit lakar (लिट्) is used for past perfect tense (परोक्षभूतकालः) in loukika bhasha but it is used in present tense (वर्तमानकालः) also in vaidika bhasha.

* लट्   

* Lat lakar (लट् in वर्तमानकालबहुवचनम्) plural form contains मः in loukika bhasha but is replaced by मसि in vaidika bhasha as in मिनीमसि and एमसि given by Ashtadhyayi sutra इदन्तो मसि (7.1.46).  

== Vaidika Aksharas ==

== Vaidika Aksharas ==