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* Doubling of consonants (द्वित्वम्) are seen in vaidika samskrit under various contexts which is not described by the grammatical rules of traditional samskrit.
* Doubling of consonants (द्वित्वम्) are seen in vaidika samskrit under various contexts which is not described by the grammatical rules of traditional samskrit.
* Svarabhakti (स्वरभक्तिः) and Abhinidhana (अभिनिधानम्) are grammatical processes where combined varnas (संयुक्तवर्णाः) are broken down for clarity of pronunciation.
* Svarabhakti (स्वरभक्तिः) and Abhinidhana (अभिनिधानम्) are grammatical processes where combined varnas (संयुक्तवर्णाः) are broken down for clarity of pronunciation.
* Vyuha (व्यूह) and Vyavaya (व्यवाय) : Vyuha means separation. The process of separation of combined letters to accommodate the appropriate metrical construction (chandas) in a pada of mantra is called Vyuha. Vyavaya (means interval) is a similar process applicable to combined letters containing y(य्)-v (व्)-r (र्)-l (ल्) which are separated to allow proper metrical composition.<ref name=":4" />
* Vyuha (व्यूह) and Vyavaya (व्यवाय) : Vyuha means separation. The process of separation of combined letters to accommodate the appropriate metrical construction (chandas) in a pada of mantra is called Vyuha. Vyavaya (means interval) is a similar process applicable to combined letters containing y(य्)-v (व्)-r (र्)-l (ल्) which are separated to allow proper metrical composition.
==== सन्धिः Sandhi ====
==== सन्धिः Sandhi ====
Vaidika and Loukika samskrita are similar in their sandhi constructs with few different sandhis in vaidika samskrit.
Vaidika and Loukika samskrita are similar in their sandhi constructs with few different sandhis in vaidika samskrit.<ref name=":4" />
* Deergha (दीर्घ) sandhi, guna (गुण) sandhi, and vriddhi (वृद्धि) sandhi are called प्रश्लिष्ट सन्धिः, and yan (यण) sandhi of loukika sandhi is called Kshaipra (क्षैप्र) sandhi.
* Deergha (दीर्घ) sandhi, guna (गुण) sandhi, and vriddhi (वृद्धि) sandhi are called प्रश्लिष्ट सन्धिः, and yan (यण) sandhi of loukika sandhi is called Kshaipra (क्षैप्र) sandhi.
* Abhinihita (अभिनिहित सन्धिः) Padavritti (पदवृत्ति सन्धिः), Udgraha (उद्ग्राह सन्धिः) and Bhugna (भुग्न सन्धिः) are a few sandhis that are only seen in vaidika bhasha.<ref name=":4" />
* Abhinihita (अभिनिहित सन्धिः) Padavritti (पदवृत्ति सन्धिः), Udgraha (उद्ग्राह सन्धिः) and Bhugna (भुग्न सन्धिः) are a few sandhis that are only seen in vaidika bhasha.
* Some others like Prakrutibhava and Visarga sandhis have similar rules both in vaidika and loukika bhasha with additional rules in vaidika bhasha.
* Some others like Prakrutibhava and Visarga sandhis have similar rules both in vaidika and loukika bhasha with additional rules in vaidika bhasha.
==== विभक्तिः Vibhakti ====
==== विभक्तिः Vibhakti ====
Vaidika and loukika word forms or Vibhaktis are similar with some additional rules applicable to vaidika word forms. Examples
Vaidika and loukika word forms or Vibhaktis are similar with some additional rules applicable to vaidika word forms.<ref name=":4" /> Examples
* In shabdas ending with a (अकारान्त), their Prathama vibhakti (प्रथमाविभक्तिः बहुवचनम्) plural forms end in आः and आसः like in सोभ्यासः and ते अ॑ज्ये॒ष्ठा अक॑निष्ठासः | (Rig. Veda. 5.59.6).
* In shabdas ending with a (अकारान्त), their Prathama vibhakti (प्रथमाविभक्तिः बहुवचनम्) plural forms end in आः and आसः like in सोभ्यासः and ते अ॑ज्ये॒ष्ठा अक॑निष्ठासः | (Rig. Veda. 5.59.6).
* In shabdas ending with a (अकारान्त), their Tritiya vibhakti (तृतीयाविभक्तिः बहुवचनम्) plural forms end in ऐः and एभिः like in आदि॒त्यैर्या॑तमश्विना (Rig. Veda. 8.35.13) and अङ्गि॑रोभि॒रा ग॑हि य॒ज्ञिये॑भिः |(Rig. Veda. 10.14.5)
* In shabdas ending with a (अकारान्त), their Tritiya vibhakti (तृतीयाविभक्तिः बहुवचनम्) plural forms end in ऐः and एभिः like in आदि॒त्यैर्या॑तमश्विना (Rig. Veda. 8.35.13) and अङ्गि॑रोभि॒रा ग॑हि य॒ज्ञिये॑भिः |(Rig. Veda. 10.14.5)
* Sometimes in place of a vibhakti in a word any one of आ, आत्, ए, या, and ई are added.
* Sometimes in place of a vibhakti in a word any one of आ, आत्, ए, या, and ई are added.
== Vaidika Aksharas ==
When we speak or hear, the speech sounds are akṣaras. When we put them to writing their name is alphabet. Vedic alphabet is shown below as per their articulation points in the speaking machine (mouth):
When we speak or hear, the speech sounds are akṣaras. When we put them to writing their name is alphabet. Vedic alphabet is shown below as per their articulation points in the speaking machine (mouth):
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Saṁhita’s capability is indicated by compound akṣara kṣa – क्ष. The word not only indicates all the audio capsules which mouth can produce, but also its saṁhita capability. The word akṣara literally means what it sounds!
Saṁhita’s capability is indicated by compound akṣara kṣa – क्ष. The word not only indicates all the audio capsules which mouth can produce, but also its saṁhita capability. The word akṣara literally means what it sounds!
One more example to indicate how Vedic words are coined. ōm is a very common word in Veda and ōm iti ekākṣaraṁ brahma – ॐ इति एकाक्षरं ब्रह्म is an oft quoted sentence from Veda. akṣara ō – ओ is the result of combining vowels a – अ and u – उ. They are located at the beginning and middle of the speech tunnel. ṁ – म्, the consonant, is at the end of the tunnel. All the three combined represent all objects that have a beginning, existence and the end. ōm has been made into a single akṣara with a purpose. All objects combine into only one big object, the universe. Brahma, the universal creative force is known only through its creation. ōm represents Brahma through its manifestation, having the properties of a – अ, u – उ and ṁ – म्.
One more example to indicate how Vedic words are coined. ōm is a very common word in Veda and ōm iti ekākṣaraṁ brahma – ॐ इति एकाक्षरं ब्रह्म is an oft quoted sentence from Veda. akṣara ō – ओ is the result of combining vowels a – अ and u – उ. Thus, ōm represents Brahma through its manifestation, having the properties of a – अ, u – उ and ṁ – म्.
== Discussion ==
== Discussion ==