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Vedic language differences - Adding content and citations
Earlier Vedic scholars (Shaunaka, being one of them) wrote books on the language structure of Veda. They are called prātiśākhya granthas. Each one of those books deals at length about akṣara. Hence we have to look at our speech system, the source of all akṣaras to understand Vedic language.
Earlier Vedic scholars (Shaunaka, being one of them) wrote books on the language structure of Veda. They are called prātiśākhya granthas. Each one of those books deals at length about akṣara. Hence we have to look at our speech system, the source of all akṣaras to understand Vedic language.
== Vedic Aksharas ==
== Vedic Language Characteristics ==
The following important features of Vedic Samskrit differentiates it from the Samskrita bhasha that has been in vogue in these recent centuries.
==== Svaras ====
The presence of Udatta and other svaras in Vaidika bhasha is a foremost differentiating feature from traditional Samskrit.
Usage of Svaras gives a musical tinge to the veda mantras, while such an attempt on traditional samskrit is not seen (chandas is applicable).
==== Varnas ====
' ळ ' as in इळामग्ने | क Jihvamuliya and प Upadmaniya are distinct sounds in vaidika samskrit which are not used in usage now.
' ॡ ' varnas are seen in vaidkika samskrita, which are lost in traditional samskrit works.
अच् varnas when are present at the end of the word (अवसान वर्णः) are transformed into अनुनासिक varnas. Example : ईड्यो॒ नूत॑नैरु॒'''तँ'''। (Rig. Veda. 1.1.2)<ref>Upadhyaya, Baldev. (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''. </ref>
=== Vaidika Svaras ===
While Udatta etc svara pronunciation is the dharma or attribute of Svara varnas of vedic literature, its presence is trivial with respect to later day texts. Apart from Udatta, Anudatta, Svarita svaras Prachaya svara is also present which is said to aid in understanding the meaning of the content.
=== Vaidika Aksharas ===
When we speak or hear, the speech sounds are akṣaras. When we put them to writing their name is alphabet. Vedic alphabet is shown below as per their articulation points in the speaking machine (mouth):
When we speak or hear, the speech sounds are akṣaras. When we put them to writing their name is alphabet. Vedic alphabet is shown below as per their articulation points in the speaking machine (mouth):
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
#* Vowel speaking area is spread from the throat to the lips and indicates the boundaries of the speaking machine. Similarly the limits of active area for of each group is clear, both in length and breadth from the orderly arrangement of the articulation points in the mouth.
#* Vowel speaking area is spread from the throat to the lips and indicates the boundaries of the speaking machine. Similarly the limits of active area for of each group is clear, both in length and breadth from the orderly arrangement of the articulation points in the mouth.
#* The sparśa akṣaras are in three horizontal lines. First line consists of akṣaras with minimum resonance, the second with those of higher resonance and the last highest resonance. (Nasal sounds) .
#* The sparśa akṣaras are in three horizontal lines. First line consists of akṣaras with minimum resonance, the second with those of higher resonance and the last highest resonance. (Nasal sounds) .
#* The arrangement is so scientific and perfect, that the tongue can jump to any point and pick up the consonant before the vowel sound comes to join.
#* The arrangement is so scientific and perfect, that the tongue can jump to any point and pick up the consonant before the vowel sound comes to join.<ref name=":1" />
== Vedic Padam ==
== Vedic Padam ==