Changes

It was महर्षिः पाणिनिः || Maharshi Panini who has given [[Astadhyayi|अष्टाध्यायी ''<nowiki>|| Ashtadhyayi</nowiki>'']] the most profound and brilliant treatise on grammar to the intellectual world, wherein he describes all the previous grammarians belonging to a time period before him.  Also called शब्दानुशासनम् || Shabdanushasana, it was the Astadhyayi which brought about the regularization of grammatical rules of the vedic usages also.  

It was महर्षिः पाणिनिः || Maharshi Panini who has given [[Astadhyayi|अष्टाध्यायी ''<nowiki>|| Ashtadhyayi</nowiki>'']] the most profound and brilliant treatise on grammar to the intellectual world, wherein he describes all the previous grammarians belonging to a time period before him.  Also called शब्दानुशासनम् || Shabdanushasana, it was the Astadhyayi which brought about the regularization of grammatical rules of the vedic usages also.  

Vyakarana is divided into प्राचीनव्याकरणम् || Pracheena vyakarana and नव्यव्याकरणम् || navya vyakarana.  Later age grammarians recognize the eight व्याकरणशास्त्रप्रवर्तकाः || vyakarana shastra pravartakas as follows<blockquote>इन्द्रश्चन्द्रः काशकृत्स्नापिशली शाकटायनः  । पाणिन्यमरजैनेन्द्राः जयन्त्यष्टौ च शाब्दिकाः ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>indraścandraḥ kāśakṛtsnāpiśalī śākaṭāyanaḥ । pāṇinyamarajainendrāḥ jayantyaṣṭau ca śābdikāḥ ॥</blockquote>इन्द्रः || Indra, चन्द्रः || Chandra, काशः || Kasha, कृत्स्नापिशली || kritsnapishali, शाकटायनः || shakatayana, पाणिनिः || panini, अमरजैनेन्द्रः || arajainendra, जयन्तिः || jayanti are the eight preachers of शब्दः || shabda (word) or grammar.

Vyakarana is divided into प्राचीनव्याकरणम् || Pracheena vyakarana and नव्यव्याकरणम् || navya vyakarana.  Later age grammarians recognize the eight व्याकरणशास्त्रप्रवर्तकाः || vyakarana shastra pravartakas as follows<blockquote>इन्द्रश्चन्द्रः काशकृत्स्नापिशली शाकटायनः  । पाणिन्यमरजैनेन्द्राः जयन्त्यष्टौ च शाब्दिकाः ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>indraścandraḥ kāśakṛtsnāpiśalī śākaṭāyanaḥ । pāṇinyamarajainendrāḥ jayantyaṣṭau ca śābdikāḥ ॥</blockquote>इन्द्रः || Indra, चन्द्रः || Chandra, काशः || Kasha, कृत्स्नापिशली || krtsnapishali, शाकटायनः || shakatayana, पाणिनिः || panini, अमरजैनेन्द्रः || amarajainendra, जयन्तिः || jayanti are the eight preachers of शब्दः || shabda (word) or grammar.

=== निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta ===

=== निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta ===

महर्षि यास्क || Maharshi Yaska's निरुक्तम् || Nirukta is another treasure that has been produced in भारतवर्षः || Bharatavarsha and given to the world. It is an excellent treatise that deals with etymology or the objective definition of words. Nirukta is written in prose form while all other shastras are built in the सूत्र || sutra format. सायणाचार्यः || [[Sayanacharya (सायनाचार्यः)|Sayanacharya]] while giving the preface of ऋग्वेदभाष्यम् || Rigveda Bhashya speaks thus about Nirukta :  <blockquote>अर्थावबोधे निरपेक्षतया पदजातं यत्रोक्तं तन्निरुक्तम् ।</blockquote><blockquote>arthāvabodhe nirapekṣatayā padajātaṃ yatroktaṃ tanniruktam ।</blockquote>When other वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas extol the तत्त्वानि || tattvas (material aspects) of Vedas, Nirukta propounds the supernatural or the uncommon aspects or tattvas of the Vedas.   

महर्षि यास्क || Maharshi Yaska's निरुक्तम् || Nirukta is another treasure that has been produced in भारतवर्षः || Bharatavarsha and given to the world. It is an excellent treatise that deals with etymology or the objective definition of words. Nirukta is written in prose form while all other shastras are built in the सूत्र || sutra format. सायणाचार्यः || [[Sayanacharya (सायनाचार्यः)|Sayanacharya]] while giving the preface of ऋग्वेदभाष्यम् || Rigveda Bhashya speaks thus about Nirukta :  <blockquote>अर्थावबोधे निरपेक्षतया पदजातं यत्रोक्तं तन्निरुक्तम् ।</blockquote><blockquote>arthāvabodhe nirapekṣatayā padajātaṃ yatroktaṃ tanniruktam ।</blockquote>When other वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas extol the तत्त्वानि || tattvas (material aspects) of Vedas, Nirukta propounds the supernatural or the uncommon aspects or tattvas of the Vedas.   

ज्योतिष्-शास्त्रम् || Jyotish shastra is like the eye to the वेदपुरुषः || veda purusha. Without the knowledge of this शस्त्रम् || shastra, कालः || kala (time) cannot be determined. For example - Auspiciousness of the Day, night, fortnight, month, season, and year cannot be determined. Auspicious time for the performance of yajnas and for travel, the time is determined by the knowledge of this shastra. वैदिकसंहिता || Vaidika samhitas explicitly deal with the kala (time) as in जीवेम शरदं शतम् || jīvema śaradaṃ śatam.

ज्योतिष्-शास्त्रम् || Jyotish shastra is like the eye to the वेदपुरुषः || veda purusha. Without the knowledge of this शस्त्रम् || shastra, कालः || kala (time) cannot be determined. For example - Auspiciousness of the Day, night, fortnight, month, season, and year cannot be determined. Auspicious time for the performance of yajnas and for travel, the time is determined by the knowledge of this shastra. वैदिकसंहिता || Vaidika samhitas explicitly deal with the kala (time) as in जीवेम शरदं शतम् || jīvema śaradaṃ śatam.

Ancient treatises on Jyotish available are सूर्यसिद्धन्तः ॥ Suryasiddhanta, बृहत्पराशरहोरः ॥ Brihat Parasharahora by Parashara rishi, बृहज्जातकम् ॥ Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira among others.  

Ancient treatises on Jyotish available are सूर्यसिद्धन्तः ॥ Suryasiddhanta, बृहत्पराशरहोरः ॥ Brihat Parasharahora by पराशर-ऋषिः ॥ [[Parashara Rishi|Parashara rishi]], बृहज्जातकम् ॥ Brihat Jataka by वराहमिहिरः ॥ [[Varahamihira]] among others.  

== Notes ==

== Notes ==

व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana and निरुक्तम् || Nirukta are unique to each Veda. Whereas शिक्षा || Siksha, छन्दस् || Chandas, कल्पः || Kalpa and ज्योतिष् || Jyotisa are common for all Vedas.

व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana and निरुक्तम् || Nirukta are unique to each Veda. Whereas शिक्षा || Siksha, छन्दस् || Chandas, कल्पः || Kalpa and ज्योतिष् || Jyotish are common for all Vedas.

Commentaries by मेधातितिः || Medhatiti, गोविन्दराजः || Govindaraja, कल्लुकभट्टः || Kallukabhatta are available to read मनुस्मृति || Manu Smriti.

Commentaries by मेधातितिः || Medhatiti, गोविन्दराजः || Govindaraja, कल्लुकभट्टः || Kallukabhatta are available to read मनुस्मृति || Manu Smriti.

==References==

==References==

<references />

<references />