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== विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidhyasthanas ==

== विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidhyasthanas ==

चतुर्दशविद्या ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas are called the विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidhyasthanas as they give comprehensive knowledge of dharma. Attaining proficiency in them is said to be the the most essential foundational step in education since ancient days. These include learning the Chaturvedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Adharvanaveda), Shadvedangas (Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotisham), Puranas, Nyaya shastra, Mimamsa and Dharmasastram.<ref>Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref>

चतुर्दशविद्या ॥ Chaturdasha vidyas are called the विद्यास्थानानि ॥ Vidhyasthanas as they give comprehensive knowledge of dharma. Attaining proficiency in them is said to be vidya or education in ancient days. These include learning the Chaturvedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Adharvanaveda), Shadvedangas (Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas and Jyotisham), and 4 Upangas (Puranas, Nyaya shastra, Mimamsa and Dharmashastram) of Vedas.<ref>Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref>

== वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas  ==

== वेदाङ्गानि || Vedangas  ==

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of उपकारक ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool), and with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedangas.<blockquote>शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि षडेव तु ॥</blockquote>According to the above shloka, Vedangas are six in number namely Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotish.<ref>http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Introduction</ref>

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of उपकारक ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool), and with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedangas.<blockquote>शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि षडेव तु ॥</blockquote>According to the above shloka, Vedangas are six in number namely '''Shiksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Nirukta, Chandas, Jyotish'''.<ref>http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/ Introduction</ref>

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|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥</blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥ </blockquote>In पाणिनीयशिक्षा, these six vedangas are described in the above shloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotish is the eye, Nirukta forms the ears, Shiksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakarana. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".<ref>Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian, The Vedangas (Organs of the Vedas).http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf </ref>

|}<blockquote>छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥</blockquote><blockquote>शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम् । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥ </blockquote>In पाणिनीयशिक्षा, these six vedangas are described in the above shloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotish is the eye, Nirukta forms the ears, Shiksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakarana. Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".<ref>Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian, The Vedangas (Organs of the Vedas).http://svbf.org/journal/vol1no3/vedas.pdf </ref>

== वेद-उपाङ्गानि || Veda-Upangas  ==

== वेद-उपाङ्गानि || Veda-Upangas  ==

== उपवेदाः || Upavedas ==

== उपवेदाः || Upavedas ==

| Yajurveda.

| Yajurveda.

|}Vedas are thus a storehouse of knowledge needed for mankind, not merely spiritual but also secular or temporal. They are not compositions made in any one particular period. They are spread over a period of time; one group separated from the other probably by centuries and handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth.

|}Vedas are thus a storehouse of knowledge needed for mankind, not merely spiritual but also secular or temporal. They are not compositions made in any one particular period. They are spread over a period of time; one group separated from the other probably by centuries and handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth.

== पुराणानि उपपुराणानि च ॥ Puranas and Upapuranas  ==

== पुराणानि उपपुराणानि च ॥ Puranas and Upapuranas  ==

The Puranas is a vast genre of encyclopedic Indian texts about a wide range of topics particularly legends and traditional lore. Several of these texts are named after major devatas such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. There are 18 Maha Puranas (Great Puranas) and 18 Upa Puranas (Minor Puranas), containing over 400,000 verses.<ref>[http://www.vcscsd.org/content/balabhavan/18-Puranas.pdf 18 Puranas - English Translation] by Dharmic Scriptures Team</ref>

The Puranas is a vast genre of encyclopedic Indian texts about a wide range of topics particularly legends and traditional lore. Several of these texts are named after major devatas such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. There are 18 Maha Puranas (Great Puranas) and 18 Upa Puranas (Minor Puranas), containing over 400,000 verses.<ref>[http://www.vcscsd.org/content/balabhavan/18-Puranas.pdf 18 Puranas - English Translation] by Dharmic Scriptures Team</ref>

== षड्दर्शनानि ॥ Shad Darshanas ==

== षड्दर्शनानि ॥ Shad Darshanas ==

<blockquote>कणादेन तु संप्रक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥</blockquote>Meaning : The great Vaiseshika shastra has been given by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was elucidated by Goutama rushi, and Saankhya shastra was by Kapila rushi.

<blockquote>कणादेन तु संप्रक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥</blockquote>Meaning : The great Vaiseshika shastra has been given by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was elucidated by Gautama rishi, and Saankhya shastra was by Kapila rushi.

Above Sloka from from Padma puranam shows that these darsanas belong to ancient period and not in later time period.

Above Sloka from from Padma puranam shows that these darsanas belong to ancient period and are not of later time period as popularly believed.

These are the six systems of Hindu philosophy which is known as Shad Darsanas. They are:

These are the six systems of Hindu philosophy which is known as Shad Darsanas. They are:

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== पञ्चमवेदः || Panchamaveda  ==

== पञ्चमवेदः || Panchamaveda  ==

भारतः पञ्चमो वेदः || Bharatah Panchamavedaha - As given in Mahabharata expounds that Mahabharatam which covers numerous topics related to human relationships is considered as the "Fifth Veda".

भारतः पञ्चमो वेदः || Bharatah Panchamavedaha - As given in Mahabharata expounds that Mahabharatam which covers numerous topics related to human relationships is considered as the "Fifth Veda".<blockquote>पुराणंपञ्चमोवेद इति ब्रह्मानुशासनम् (Skan. Pura. 5.3.1.18)<ref>Skanda Puranam ([http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/puranas/skanda_purana/skanda_purana_05avanti_03reva.pdf Reva Khanda])</ref></blockquote>Puranas are also considered as Panchamaveda according to the Skaandapurana.

 

पुराणंपञ्चमोवेद इति ब्रह्मानुशासनम् (Skan. Pura. 5.3.1.18)

 

Puranas are also considered as Panchamaveda according to the Skaandapurana.^[5]

Apart from Shrimad Mahabharatam and Puranas, later texts such as Bharata's Natyashastram also called as Panchamavedam by a few scholars.

Apart from Shrimad Mahabharatam and Puranas, later texts such as Bharata's Natyashastram also called as Panchamavedam by a few scholars.

== References ==

== References ==