Yajurveda Commentators (यजुर्वेदीयाः भाष्यकाराः)

तैत्तिरीयसंहितायाः भाष्यकाराः ॥ Commentators of Taittiriya Samhita

Taittiriya Samhita is an important Samhita belonging to the Krishna Yajurveda. Sayanacharya, known for his scholarly commentaries on 5 vedic samhitas, 11 brahmana texts and 2 aranyaka texts, wrote his first bhashya text on the Taittiriya Samhita. However, there have been commentaries on the Taittiriya Samhita even before that of Sayanacharya's. And this is known to us from the mention of these commentators in the works of later writers. Of the various commentaries on the Taittiriya Samhita, the one by Bhatta Bhaskara Mishra is available in entirety.

कुण्डिनः ॥ Kundina

Kundina wrote a vrtti on Taittiriya Samhita. This is known from the following shloka from the Kandanukramani

यस्याः पदकृदात्रेयो वृत्तिकारस्तु कुण्डिनः ।

Atreya is the author of the padapatha of Taittiriya Samhita. The mention of Kundina, as the author of a vrtti on Taittiriya Samhita, along with Atreya suggests his antiquity. However, neither the work nor any other details is available about Kundina.

भवस्वामी ॥ Bhavasvami

That Acharya Bhavasvami has written a bhashya on Taittiriya Samhita is known from the following statement of Keshavasvami in his Baudhayana Prayogasara.

भवस्वामिमतानुसारिणा मया तु उभयमप्यंगीकृत्य प्रयोगसारः क्रियते ।

Bhaskara Bhatta also mentions Bhavasvami at the beginning of his bhashya reiterating that Bhavasvami was a commentator on the Taittiriya Samhita.

गुहदेवः ॥ Guhadeva

Devaraja Yajva in his Nighantu bhashya has mentioned the explanation given by Guhadeva for the word ’गरगिरः’ occuring in the Taittiriya Aranyaka mantra ’रश्मयश्च देवा गरगिरः’ | which is as follows:

तथा च ’रश्मयश्च देवा गरगिरः’ इत्यत्र गुहदेवः ’गरमुदकं गिरन्ति पिबन्तीति गरगिरः इति भाष्यं कृतवान् ।

This shows that Guhadeva was a commentator of the Taittiriya Samhita.

Moreover, Ramanujacharya also mentions the name of Guhadeva in his Vedartha Samgraha as follows:

यथोदितक्रमपरिणतभक्त्येकलभ्य एव भगवद्बोधायनटंकगुहदेवकपर्दिभारुचिप्रभृत्यविगीतशिष्टपरिगृहीतपुरातनवेदवेदान्तव्याख्यानसुव्यतार्थश्रुतिनिकरनिदर्शितोऽयं पन्थाः ।

https://estudantedavedanta.net/Vedartha-Sangraha.pdf

क्षुरः ॥ Kshura

Sayanacharya, at many instances in his Madhaviya Dhatuvrtti, has mentioned Acharya Kshura which indicates that Acharya Kshura surely wrote a commentary on the Taittiriya Samhita. One such instance is as follows:

यथा त्रय एनां महिमानं सचंते (तै.सं.४-३-११) इत्यत्र क्षुरभट्टभास्करीययोः सचंते समंते इति ।

Here, the names of Acharya Kshura and Bhatta Bhaskara (also a commentator on the Taittiriya Samhita) are mentioned alongside each other.

भट्टभास्करः ॥ Bhatta Bhaskara

Referred to by Sayanacharya in his works, Bhatta Bhaskara preceeds Sayanacharya in antiquity. Vedacharya in his work titled 'Sudarshana Mimamsa' not only mentions Bhatta Bhaskara Mishra by name but also mentions his commentary named Jnanayajna. Haradatta, in his commentary on the Ekagnikanda, has taken references from Bhatta Bhaskara's commentary. The antiquity of Bhatta Bhaskara is also suggested by the fact that the authors and texts like Aryabhatiya, Amarakosha and Kashika mentioned by him are themselves ancient.

As mentioned, the commentary by Bhata Bhaskara on the Taittiriya Samhita is known as Jnanayajna and is extremely scholarly. In the semantic pursuit of mantras, at places, Bhatta Bhaskara brings out the meanings quoted by different acharyas. He not only gives meanings from the point of view of Yajnas, but also provides meanings of the Veda mantras in the context of Adhyatma (spirituality) and Adhidaiva (divinity). For example: In the famous mantra हंसः शुचिषद् वसुरन्तरिक्षषद् ।, the meaning of the word hamsa is explained in threefold ways.

1. In the Adhiyajna context, it means 'ratha' (हन्ति पृथिवीमिति हंसः ।)
2. In the Adhidaiva context, it means 'aditya'
3. In the Adhyatma context, it is atma

In this way the other mantras have also been semantically explored and due to such specialities, it holds an important position in Vaidik Sahitya.

शुक्लयजुर्वेदस्य भाष्यकाराः ॥ Commentators of the Shukla Yajurveda

माध्यन्दिनसंहितायाः भाष्यकारौ ॥ Commentators of the Madhyandina Samhita

There are two prime commentators on the Madhyandina Samhita. They are enumerated as follows:

उवटः ॥ Uvata

From the bhashya text of Uvata it is known that he was the son of Vajrata from Anandapura and he wrote the bhashya while residing in Avanti during the reign of Raja Bhoja.

आनन्दपुरवास्तव्यवज्रटाख्यस्य सूनुना । उवटेन कृतं भाष्यं पदवाक्यैः सुनिश्चितैः ॥

ऋष्यादींश्च पुरस्कृत्य अवन्त्यामुवटो वसन् । मन्त्राणां कृतवान् भाष्यं महीं भोजे प्रशासति ॥

Even though concise, his commentary is known to be illuminating and easy to understand. It explains the meaning of various mantras from the adhyatma point of view. Uvata was an acclaimed vedic scholar of the medieval times. His other works include,

1. Commentary on Rk-Pratishakhya
2. Commentary on Yajuh-Pratishakhya
3. Commentary on Rk-Sarvanukramani
4. Commentary on the Ishavasyopanishad

And all these have been published.

महीधरः ॥ Mahidhara

The commentary of Mahidhara is known by the name 'Vedadipa'. There is a clear influence of Uvata seen on the commentary written by Mahidhara. However, by providing examples from the nirukta, shrautasutras, etc. Mahidhara's commentary makes the Yajna Prakriya (ritualistic procedure) easier to understand and attempts to further clarify the preceeding commentary given by Uvata. Mahidhara is also known to have written a Tantra text by the name 'Mantramahodadhi'.