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Shad Darshanas (षड्दर्शनानि)

The Six Darsanas or Shad Darshanas (Samskrit : षड्दर्शनानि) include the intellectual and philosophical discussions of concepts found in Bharatiya siddhantas (सिद्धान्तः । theory). Indian Philosophy has been intensely spiritual and has always emphasized on practical realization of truth as against the Western Philosophy which is essentially an intellectual quest for truth.

व्युत्पत्तिः || Etymology

The word 'philosophy' means 'love of learning'. It signifies a natural and necessary urge in human beings to know themselves and the world in which they 'live and move and have their being'. The word 'darshana' means 'vision' and also the 'instrument of vision'. It stands for the direct, intermediate and intuitive vision of Reality, the actual perception of Truth, and also includes the means which lead to this Realization.

Brhdaranyaka Upanishad describes the fundamental concept of Atma (आत्मा ) during Yajnavalkya Maitreyi Samvada as follows

साक्षात् मोक्षसाधनानि इमानि आत्मा वा अरे द्रष्टव्यः श्रोतव्यो मन्तव्यो निदिध्यासितव्यः । बृहदारण्यकोपनिषत् २-४-५ (Brhd. Upan. 2.4.5) 

आत्मा वा अरे द्रष्टव्यः । See the Self is the keynote of all schools of Bharatiya Darshana Shastras. And this is also the reason why most of these schools are also religious sects.