Difference between revisions of "Stri Pratyaya (स्त्रीप्रत्ययः)"
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== Concept of स्त्री-प्रत्यय == | == Concept of स्त्री-प्रत्यय == | ||
| + | [[File:7 Prakrti Pratyaya.PNG|thumb|770x770px|Stri Pratyaya. Copyright: Sridhar Subbanna.]] | ||
As we have seen that in संस्कृत, लिङ्ग (gender) is the attribute of प्रातिपदिकऽ and not of the entity that it is referring to. To indicate feminine gender of the entity referred by the प्रातिपदिक, प्रत्ययऽ called स्त्री-प्रत्ययऽ are added to the प्रातिपदिक. Also, if a प्रातिपदिक has gender of type विशेष्यनिघ्न, then when this प्रातिपदिक becomes विशेषण for a स्त्री-लिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक, स्त्री-प्रत्ययऽ are added. | As we have seen that in संस्कृत, लिङ्ग (gender) is the attribute of प्रातिपदिकऽ and not of the entity that it is referring to. To indicate feminine gender of the entity referred by the प्रातिपदिक, प्रत्ययऽ called स्त्री-प्रत्ययऽ are added to the प्रातिपदिक. Also, if a प्रातिपदिक has gender of type विशेष्यनिघ्न, then when this प्रातिपदिक becomes विशेषण for a स्त्री-लिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक, स्त्री-प्रत्ययऽ are added. | ||
Latest revision as of 18:22, 19 September 2022
Concept of स्त्री-प्रत्यय
As we have seen that in संस्कृत, लिङ्ग (gender) is the attribute of प्रातिपदिकऽ and not of the entity that it is referring to. To indicate feminine gender of the entity referred by the प्रातिपदिक, प्रत्ययऽ called स्त्री-प्रत्ययऽ are added to the प्रातिपदिक. Also, if a प्रातिपदिक has gender of type विशेष्यनिघ्न, then when this प्रातिपदिक becomes विशेषण for a स्त्री-लिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक, स्त्री-प्रत्ययऽ are added.
Eg: अज (पुंलिङ्ग - Goat), to indicate female Goat अज + आ (टाप् स्त्री-प्रत्यय) = अजा
नर्तक (विशेष्यनिघ्न - dancer) - to indicate the dancer is female नर्तक + ई (ङीष् स्त्री-प्रत्यय) = नर्तकी
स्त्री-प्रत्ययs
स्त्री-प्रत्ययऽ are defined in अष्टाध्यायी 4th अध्याय from sutras स्त्रियाम् (4-1-3) to समर्थानां प्रथमाद्वा (4-1-82) as follows -
आ (टाप्, डाप् , चाप्)
The प्रातिपदिकऽ that are ending in ह्रस्व-अ (अत्) or the प्रातिपदिकऽ in the अजादि-गण. Optional for अन्-ending प्रातिपदिक, and for a बहुब्रीहि-समास
Eg : देवदत्त -> देवदत्ता
अज -> अजा
ई (ङीप, ङीष्, ङीन्)
1. The प्रातिपदिकऽ that are ending in ह्रस्व-ऋ, न् and प्रातिपदिकऽ that are derived by उगित् (मतुँप्, शतृ, क्तवतुँ) .
कर्तृ -> कर्त्री
गुणिन् -> गुणिनी
2. The प्रातिपदिकऽ that are derived by षिद् or that belongs to गौरादि-गण or मनुष्य-जाति-वाचक or प्राणि-वाचक or देवता-वाचक
नर्तक -> नर्तकी
गौर -> गौरी
The प्रातिपदिकऽ that are derived by these प्रत्ययऽ -
टित्-ढ-अण्-अञ्-द्वयसच्-दघ्नच्-मात्रच्-तयप्-ठक्-ठञ्-कञ्-क्वरपः
Eg: गोदोहन -> गोदोहनी , वैनतेय -> वैनतेयी, कुम्भकार -> कुम्भकारी
2. The ह्रस्व-अ-ending प्रातिपदिकऽ that are formed by a द्विगु-समास.
Eg : पञ्चपूली, अष्टाध्यायी
3. ह्रस्व-उ ending प्रातिपदिकऽ will get ङीप् optionally
Eg: बहु-> बहु / बह्वी. गुरु -> गुरु / गुर्वी
4. When ई comes for the प्रातिपदिकऽ derived from धातुऽ in the 1st, 4th, 10th गण, न् आगम will come before त् Eg : गच्छत्-> गच्छन्ती. For the 6th गण it is optional
Eg: यात्-> यान्ती / याती , इच्छत् -> इच्छती / इच्छन्ती
ऊङ् ति
० ऊङ्-
The प्रातिपदिकऽ that is referring to मनुष्य-जाति and have ह्रस्व-उ ending will get स्त्री-प्रत्यय - ऊङ् .
Eg: कुरु -> कुरू
ब्रह्मबन्धु -> ब्रह्मबन्धू
० ति -
The प्रातिपदिक युवन् will get स्त्री-प्रत्यय - ति.
Eg : युवन् -> युवति