Difference between revisions of "Varna Dharma (वर्णधर्मः)"
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By this are referred the four varnas whose origin is described in the Purusha Sukta as follows,<blockquote>ब्राह्मणोऽस्य मुखमासीद्बाहू राजन्यः कृतः । ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत ॥१२॥ (Rig.10.90.12)<ref>Rigveda, Mandala 10, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6.%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6 Sukta 90], Verse 12.</ref></blockquote><blockquote>brāhmaṇo'sya mukhamāsīdbāhū rājanyaḥ kr̥taḥ । ūrū tadasya yadvaiśyaḥ padbhyāṁ śūdro ajāyata ॥12॥ (Rig.10.90.12)</blockquote>Meaning: The Brahmana was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya made. His thighs became the Vaishya, from his feet the Sudra was produced.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/FourVedasEnglishTranslation Four Vedas] (English Translation), Rig Veda - RT Griffith, Hymn XC. Purusa</ref> | By this are referred the four varnas whose origin is described in the Purusha Sukta as follows,<blockquote>ब्राह्मणोऽस्य मुखमासीद्बाहू राजन्यः कृतः । ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत ॥१२॥ (Rig.10.90.12)<ref>Rigveda, Mandala 10, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6.%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6 Sukta 90], Verse 12.</ref></blockquote><blockquote>brāhmaṇo'sya mukhamāsīdbāhū rājanyaḥ kr̥taḥ । ūrū tadasya yadvaiśyaḥ padbhyāṁ śūdro ajāyata ॥12॥ (Rig.10.90.12)</blockquote>Meaning: The Brahmana was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya made. His thighs became the Vaishya, from his feet the Sudra was produced.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/FourVedasEnglishTranslation Four Vedas] (English Translation), Rig Veda - RT Griffith, Hymn XC. Purusa</ref> | ||
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| + | == विषयविस्तारः ॥ Subject Matter == | ||
| + | The duties prescribed to each varna are as follows | ||
| + | |||
| + | अध्यापनं अध्ययनं यजनं याजनं तथा । दानं प्रतिग्रहं चैव ब्राह्मणानां अकल्पयत् । । १.८८ । । | ||
| + | |||
| + | adhyāpanaṁ adhyayanaṁ yajanaṁ yājanaṁ tathā ।dānaṁ pratigrahaṁ caiva brāhmaṇānāṁ akalpayat । । 1.88 । । | ||
| + | |||
| + | To Brahmanas he assigned teaching and studying (the Veda), | ||
| + | sacrificing for their own benefit and for others, giving and accepting (of | ||
| + | alms). [v.1.88.] | ||
| + | |||
| + | प्रजानां रक्षणं दानं इज्याध्ययनं एव च । विषयेष्वप्रसक्तिश्च क्षत्रियस्य समासतः । । १.८९ । । | ||
| + | |||
| + | prajānāṁ rakṣaṇaṁ dānaṁ ijyādhyayanaṁ eva ca ।viṣayeṣvaprasaktiśca kṣatriyasya samāsataḥ । । 1.89 । । | ||
| + | |||
| + | The Kshatriya he commanded to protect the people, to bestow | ||
| + | gifts, to offer sacrifices, to study (the Veda), and to abstain from attaching | ||
| + | himself to sensual pleasures; [v.1.89.] | ||
| + | |||
| + | पशूनां रक्षणं दानं इज्याध्ययनं एव च । | ||
| + | वणिक्पथं कुसीदं च वैश्यस्य कृषिं एव च । । १.९० । । | ||
| + | |||
| + | The Vaisya to tend cattle, to bestow gifts, to offer | ||
| + | sacrifices, to study (the Veda), to trade, to lend money, and to cultivate | ||
| + | land. [v.1.90.] | ||
| + | |||
| + | एकं एव तु शूद्रस्य प्रभुः कर्म समादिशत् । | ||
| + | एतेषां एव वर्णानां शुश्रूषां अनसूयया । । १.९१ । । | ||
| + | |||
| + | One occupation only the lord prescribed to the Sudra, to | ||
| + | serve meekly even these (other) three castes. [v.1.91.] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 11:57, 18 May 2018
परिचयः ॥ Introduction
Talking of the purpose of the Varna Dharma Manu says,
सर्वस्यास्य तु सर्गस्य गुप्त्यर्थं स महाद्युतिः । मुखबाहूरुपज्जानां पृथक्कर्माण्यकल्पयत् । । १.८७ । ।[1]
sarvasyāsya tu sargasya guptyarthaṁ sa mahādyutiḥ । mukhabāhūrupajjānāṁ pr̥thakkarmāṇyakalpayat । । 1.87 । ।
Meaning: In order to protect this universe He, the most resplendent one, assigned separate (duties and) occupations to those who sprang from his mouth, arms, thighs, and feet. [v.1.87.][2] By this are referred the four varnas whose origin is described in the Purusha Sukta as follows,
ब्राह्मणोऽस्य मुखमासीद्बाहू राजन्यः कृतः । ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत ॥१२॥ (Rig.10.90.12)[3]
brāhmaṇo'sya mukhamāsīdbāhū rājanyaḥ kr̥taḥ । ūrū tadasya yadvaiśyaḥ padbhyāṁ śūdro ajāyata ॥12॥ (Rig.10.90.12)
Meaning: The Brahmana was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya made. His thighs became the Vaishya, from his feet the Sudra was produced.[4]
विषयविस्तारः ॥ Subject Matter
The duties prescribed to each varna are as follows
अध्यापनं अध्ययनं यजनं याजनं तथा । दानं प्रतिग्रहं चैव ब्राह्मणानां अकल्पयत् । । १.८८ । ।
adhyāpanaṁ adhyayanaṁ yajanaṁ yājanaṁ tathā ।dānaṁ pratigrahaṁ caiva brāhmaṇānāṁ akalpayat । । 1.88 । ।
To Brahmanas he assigned teaching and studying (the Veda), sacrificing for their own benefit and for others, giving and accepting (of alms). [v.1.88.]
प्रजानां रक्षणं दानं इज्याध्ययनं एव च । विषयेष्वप्रसक्तिश्च क्षत्रियस्य समासतः । । १.८९ । ।
prajānāṁ rakṣaṇaṁ dānaṁ ijyādhyayanaṁ eva ca ।viṣayeṣvaprasaktiśca kṣatriyasya samāsataḥ । । 1.89 । ।
The Kshatriya he commanded to protect the people, to bestow gifts, to offer sacrifices, to study (the Veda), and to abstain from attaching himself to sensual pleasures; [v.1.89.]
पशूनां रक्षणं दानं इज्याध्ययनं एव च । वणिक्पथं कुसीदं च वैश्यस्य कृषिं एव च । । १.९० । ।
The Vaisya to tend cattle, to bestow gifts, to offer sacrifices, to study (the Veda), to trade, to lend money, and to cultivate land. [v.1.90.]
एकं एव तु शूद्रस्य प्रभुः कर्म समादिशत् । एतेषां एव वर्णानां शुश्रूषां अनसूयया । । १.९१ । ।
One occupation only the lord prescribed to the Sudra, to serve meekly even these (other) three castes. [v.1.91.]