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Types of Discourse (सम्भाषाप्रकाराः) (view source)
Revision as of 15:30, 14 May 2019
, 15:30, 14 May 2019Adding content with reference
It could also be used to solve the war issues between the nations and family disputes also. Sambhasha is that which is used to discuss a problem or a topic to explore the thoughts of intellectual people and to give a relevant conclusion. Rgveda (1.89.1) and nyaya darshana also give the clues about Sambhasha.
It could also be used to solve the war issues between the nations and family disputes also. Sambhasha is that which is used to discuss a problem or a topic to explore the thoughts of intellectual people and to give a relevant conclusion. Rgveda (1.89.1) and nyaya darshana also give the clues about Sambhasha.
The method of discussion with experts of the same field serves the purpose of achieving thorough knowledge of the subject. In the context of Charaka samhita, Sambhasha refers to the discussion of a physician with another physician. Or in general, the discussion amongst experts of one branch about a topic related to their subject.<ref>Rajpreet Singh, Veenu Malhotra, Rimpaljeet Kaur and Shashikant Bharadwaj (2016) , [http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/1534_pdf.pdf Comparative study of Sambhasha in Charaka Samhita with Sympoisums held in Modern Era], International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy. </ref>
The method of discussion with experts of the same field serves the purpose of achieving thorough knowledge of the subject. In the context of Charaka samhita, Sambhasha refers to the discussion of a physician with another physician. Or in general, the discussion amongst experts of one branch about a topic related to their subject.<ref name=":9">Rajpreet Singh, Veenu Malhotra, Rimpaljeet Kaur and Shashikant Bharadwaj (2016) , [http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/1534_pdf.pdf Comparative study of Sambhasha in Charaka Samhita with Sympoisums held in Modern Era], International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy. </ref>
There was, for a considerable period of time, a very lively and extensively practiced tradition of formal debates in ancient India. These debates were conducted, sometimes with royal patronage, to examine various religious, philosophical, moral and doctrinal issues. For example, [[Brhadaranyaka Upanishad (बृहदारण्यकोपनिषद्)|Brhadaranyaka Upanishad]], has references to Raja Janaka as not only organizing and patronizing debates between the sages and priests but also as participating in such debates. Women also participated in these debates. [[Gargi (गार्गी)|Gargi]] was a woman scholar who used to participate in the debates in Raja Janaka's court.<ref name=":0">Bimal Krishna Matilal; Jonardon Ganeri; Heeraman Tiwari (1998). ''The Character of Logic in India''. SUNY Press. p. 31. <nowiki>ISBN 9780791437407</nowiki>.</ref>
There was, for a considerable period of time, a very lively and extensively practiced tradition of formal debates in ancient India. These debates were conducted, sometimes with royal patronage, to examine various religious, philosophical, moral and doctrinal issues. For example, [[Brhadaranyaka Upanishad (बृहदारण्यकोपनिषद्)|Brhadaranyaka Upanishad]], has references to Raja Janaka as not only organizing and patronizing debates between the sages and priests but also as participating in such debates. Women also participated in these debates. [[Gargi (गार्गी)|Gargi]] was a woman scholar who used to participate in the debates in Raja Janaka's court.<ref name=":0">Bimal Krishna Matilal; Jonardon Ganeri; Heeraman Tiwari (1998). ''The Character of Logic in India''. SUNY Press. p. 31. <nowiki>ISBN 9780791437407</nowiki>.</ref>
# How to handle an aggressive and troublesome opponent
# How to handle an aggressive and troublesome opponent
# How to conduct oneself in prestigious Parishads, to influence the flow of debate and to impress the judges and the onlookers etc.<ref name=":3">Sreenivasa Rao, [https://swaminathanv208.blogspot.com/2016/05/discussions-debates-and-arguments.html Discussions, Debates and Arguments: Ancient India.]</ref>
# How to conduct oneself in prestigious Parishads, to influence the flow of debate and to impress the judges and the onlookers etc.<ref name=":3">Sreenivasa Rao, [https://swaminathanv208.blogspot.com/2016/05/discussions-debates-and-arguments.html Discussions, Debates and Arguments: Ancient India.]</ref>
== व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ==
Shabdakalpadruma explains Sambhasha as Sambhashana सम्भाषा सम्भाषणम् ॥<ref name=":10">[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80 Shabdakalpadruma]</ref> ''sambhāṣā sambhāṣaṇam ॥''
And Sambhashana is <blockquote>सम्भाषणं कथनम् । आलापनम् ।<ref name=":10" /> ''sambhāṣaṇaṁ kathanam । ālāpanam ।'' </blockquote>Vachaspatya highlights 2 aspects of conversing. That is,
# सम्यक्कथने (''samyakkathane'' | approprite speech/conversation)
# परस्परकथने च (''parasparakathane'' | conversing with each other)<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF Vachaspatya]</ref>
== संभाषायाः इतिहासः ॥ History of Sambhasha ==
Sambhasha is also called as Vada (discussion) in many texts. The concept of Vada is derived from the Nyaya darshana. It is said that,<blockquote>प्रमाणतर्कसाधनोपालम्भः सिद्धान्ताविरुद्धः पञ्चावयवोपपन्नः पक्षप्रतिपक्षपरिग्रहः वादः ।।१।।</blockquote>Amongst the 44 Vada marga padas (logical terms used in debate), the first one is Vada. It refers to a debate following the laws of shastra (text) ie. it should have 5 avayavas, paksha (in favour) and Pratipaksha (in opposing side) both laod down on the basis of Pramana (parametres of evidence) and tarka (logical reasoning).<ref name=":9" />
== संभाषायाः प्रयोजनानि ॥ Purpose of Sambhasha ==
The purposes of Sambhasha are enumerated as,
# Enjoyment through knowledge
# Encouraging oratory skills
# Gaining command and confidence over a certain topic as well as fame
# To acquire new knowledge about various things as well as develop scholarship and skill of defeating the opponent.<ref name=":9" />
== वादविद्या ॥ Vada Vidya ==
== वादविद्या ॥ Vada Vidya ==