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== क्षेत्रविनियोगः ॥ Land Use ==

== क्षेत्रविनियोगः ॥ Land Use ==

Kautilya recommended different types of land uses viz. Cart shed, Storage shed, threshing floor, vegetable garden, irrigated land, dry cultivation, pasture (3.9.25).<ref name=":0">L.N.Rangarajan (1992), [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FFJz72h5qjUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=true Kautilya The Arthashastra], Penguin Books.</ref><blockquote>विवीत-स्थल-केदार-षण्ड-खल-वेश्म-वाहन-कोष्ठानां पूर्वं-पूर्वं आबाधं सहेत ।। ०३.९.२५ ।।<ref>Kautilya, Arthashastra, Adhikarana 3, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A9/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AF Adhyaya 9.]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''vivīta-sthala-kedāra-ṣaṇḍa-khala-veśma-vāhana-koṣṭhānāṁ pūrvaṁ-pūrvaṁ ābādhaṁ saheta ।। 03.9.25 ।।''</blockquote>The chancellor was expected to keep precise and detailed records of land use and anticipated revenue, helped by magistrates and secret agents.<ref name=":0" /><blockquote>समाहर्तृवन्नागरिको नगरं चिन्तयेत् ।। ०२.३६.०१ ।। दश-कुलीं गोपो विंशति-कुलीं चत्वारिंशत्-कुलीं वा ।। ०२.३६.०२ ।। </blockquote><blockquote>स तस्यां स्त्री-पुरुषाणां जाति-गोत्र-नाम-कर्मभिः जङ्घ-अग्रं आय-व्ययौ च विद्यात् ।। ०२.३६.०३ ।। एवं दुर्ग-चतुर्-भागं स्थानिकश्चिन्तयेत् ।। ०२.३६.०४ ।।<ref>Kautilya, Arthashastra, Adhikarana 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AC Adhyaya 36].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''samāhartr̥vannāgariko nagaraṁ cintayet ।। 02.36.01 ।। daśa-kulīṁ gopo viṁśati-kulīṁ catvāriṁśat-kulīṁ vā ।। 02.36.02 ।।'' </blockquote><blockquote>''sa tasyāṁ strī-puruṣāṇāṁ jāti-gotra-nāma-karmabhiḥ jaṅgha-agraṁ āya-vyayau ca vidyāt ।। 02.36.03 ।। evaṁ durga-catur-bhāgaṁ sthānikaścintayet ।। 02.36.04 ।।''</blockquote>Meaning: Like the Collector-general, the Officer in charge of the Capital City (Nagaraka) shall look to the affairs of the capital. A Gopa shall keep the accounts of ten households, twenty households, or forty households. He shall not only know the caste, gotra, the name, and occupation of both men and women in those households, but also ascertain their income and expenditure. Likewise, the officer known as Sthanika shall attend to the accounts of the four quarters of the capital (Arth. 2.36.1-4).<ref name=":1">R. Shamasastry, [https://archive.org/details/KautilyasArthashastraSShamasastry Kautilya's Arthashastra].</ref>

* Kautilya recommended different types of land uses viz. Cart shed, Storage shed, threshing floor, vegetable garden, irrigated land, dry cultivation, pasture (3.9.25).<ref name=":0">L.N.Rangarajan (1992), [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FFJz72h5qjUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=true Kautilya The Arthashastra], Penguin Books.</ref><blockquote>विवीत-स्थल-केदार-षण्ड-खल-वेश्म-वाहन-कोष्ठानां पूर्वं-पूर्वं आबाधं सहेत ।। ०३.९.२५ ।।<ref>Kautilya, Arthashastra, Adhikarana 3, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A9/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AF Adhyaya 9.]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''vivīta-sthala-kedāra-ṣaṇḍa-khala-veśma-vāhana-koṣṭhānāṁ pūrvaṁ-pūrvaṁ ābādhaṁ saheta ।। 03.9.25 ।।''</blockquote>

 

* The chancellor was expected to keep precise and detailed records of land use and anticipated revenue, helped by magistrates and secret agents.<ref name=":0" /><blockquote>समाहर्तृवन्नागरिको नगरं चिन्तयेत् ।। ०२.३६.०१ ।। दश-कुलीं गोपो विंशति-कुलीं चत्वारिंशत्-कुलीं वा ।। ०२.३६.०२ ।। </blockquote><blockquote>स तस्यां स्त्री-पुरुषाणां जाति-गोत्र-नाम-कर्मभिः जङ्घ-अग्रं आय-व्ययौ च विद्यात् ।। ०२.३६.०३ ।। एवं दुर्ग-चतुर्-भागं स्थानिकश्चिन्तयेत् ।। ०२.३६.०४ ।।<ref>Kautilya, Arthashastra, Adhikarana 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AC Adhyaya 36].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''samāhartr̥vannāgariko nagaraṁ cintayet ।। 02.36.01 ।। daśa-kulīṁ gopo viṁśati-kulīṁ catvāriṁśat-kulīṁ vā ।। 02.36.02 ।।'' </blockquote><blockquote>''sa tasyāṁ strī-puruṣāṇāṁ jāti-gotra-nāma-karmabhiḥ jaṅgha-agraṁ āya-vyayau ca vidyāt ।। 02.36.03 ।। evaṁ durga-catur-bhāgaṁ sthānikaścintayet ।। 02.36.04 ।।''</blockquote>Meaning: Like the Collector-general, the Officer in charge of the Capital City (Nagaraka) shall look to the affairs of the capital. A Gopa shall keep the accounts of ten households, twenty households, or forty households. He shall not only know the caste, gotra, the name, and occupation of both men and women in those households, but also ascertain their income and expenditure. Likewise, the officer known as Sthanika shall attend to the accounts of the four quarters of the capital (Arth. 2.36.1-4).<ref name=":1">R. Shamasastry, [https://archive.org/details/KautilyasArthashastraSShamasastry Kautilya's Arthashastra].</ref>

The Pattern of land use as per Kautilya may be explained as follows:

* The Pattern of land use as per Kautilya may be explained as follows:

[[File:Pattern of Land use.jpg|center|thumb|1053x1053px|Pattern of Land Use.<ref>L.N.Rangarajan (1992), [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FFJz72h5qjUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=true Kautilya The Arthashastra], Penguin Books.</ref>]]

[[File:Pattern of Land use.jpg|center|thumb|1053x1053px|Pattern of Land Use.<ref>L.N.Rangarajan (1992), [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FFJz72h5qjUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=true Kautilya The Arthashastra], Penguin Books.</ref>]]