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== परिचयः|| Introduction ==

== परिचयः|| Introduction ==

Our ancient intellectuals had not only produced numerous shastras or monumental treatises on almost all branches of ज्ञान and विज्ञान (Knowledge and Science) but also envisaged a detailed and comprehensive methodology of composing theoretico-scientific treatises. While there exist a few differences in the methodology of composition of shastras and the modern day research dissertations, journal and paper presentations all kinds of scientific writings essentially have the same requisites, as recognized by scholars and researchers all over the world. In the Bharatavarsha, such intellectual efforts were known prior to Panini's composition of Ashtadhyayi, a highly evolved exposition. Many thinkers put in their efforts in enriching and refining the methodology, creating a number of devices relating to words, structures and meanings pertaining to the composition of a shastra described in their authoritative and famous texts as given below,

Our ancient intellectuals had not only produced numerous shastras or monumental treatises on almost all branches of ज्ञान and विज्ञान (Knowledge and Science) but also envisaged a detailed and comprehensive methodology of composing theoretico-scientific treatises. While there exist a few differences in the methodology of composition of shastras and the modern day research dissertations, journal and paper presentations, all kinds of scientific writings essentially have the same requisites, as recognized by scholars and researchers all over the world. In the Bharatavarsha, such intellectual efforts were known prior to Panini's composition of Ashtadhyayi, a highly evolved exposition. Many thinkers put in their efforts in enriching and refining the methodology, creating a number of devices relating to words, structures and meanings pertaining to the composition of a shastra described in their authoritative and famous texts as given below,

*Vishnudharmottara Purana, contains discussions on sundry topics like poetics, arts, sculpture

*Vishnudharmottara Purana, contains discussions on sundry topics like poetics, arts, sculpture

*Panini Maharshi's Ashtadhyayi, a world famous grammar treatise

*Panini Maharshi's Ashtadhyayi, a world famous grammar treatise

*Vagbhata's Ashtangasangraha and Ashtangahrdayam, books on Ayurveda

*Vagbhata's Ashtangasangraha and Ashtangahrdayam, books on Ayurveda

*Nilamegha's Tantrayuktivichara, a medical treatise

*Nilamegha's Tantrayuktivichara, a medical treatise

Apart from them Chakrapanidatta, Arunadatta, Indu were authors of commentaries which have methodology of importance.  

Apart from them Chakrapanidatta, Arunadatta, and Indu were authors of commentaries which have methodologies of importance.  

== Methodology of Ancient Shastras ==

== Methodology of Ancient Shastras ==

Earliest instances of methodical composition of knowledge base can be seen in the Anukramanikas.  They are associated with Vedic texts and are the scientific indices on the vedic mantras. Each Veda contains atleast one such index. Because of Anukramanikas the texts have been preserved and tradition continued. These indices are very systematic recording the exact number of mantras, even aksharas, such that no scope for interpolation or deletion was allowed preserving the text accurately.<ref name=":3">''The Role of Tantrayuktis in Indian Research Methodology'' by Komatineni Surendra and J.S. R. A. Prasad in Academia</ref>  

Earliest instances of methodical composition of knowledge base can be seen in the '''Anukramanikas'''.  They are associated with Vedic texts and are the scientific indices on the vedic mantras. Each Veda contains atleast one such index. Because of Anukramanikas the texts have been preserved and tradition continued. These indices are very systematic recording the exact number of mantras, even aksharas, such that no scope for interpolation or deletion was allowed preserving the text accurately.<ref name=":3">''The Role of Tantrayuktis in Indian Research Methodology'' by Komatineni Surendra and J.S. R. A. Prasad in Academia</ref>  

Nyaya Shastra which is the primary source of logic for all other shastras, explains five requisite methodologies as follows:<ref>Dash, Kesab Chandra. (1992) ''Elements of Research Methodology in Sanskrit.'' Varanasi : Chaukamba Sanskrit Sansthan</ref>

'''Nyaya Shastra''' which is the primary source of logic for all other shastras, explains five requisite methodologies as follows:<ref>Dash, Kesab Chandra. (1992) ''Elements of Research Methodology in Sanskrit.'' Varanasi : Chaukamba Sanskrit Sansthan</ref>

# प्रतिज्ञा । Pratijna is the hypothesis that needs to be evaluated

# प्रतिज्ञा । Pratijna is the hypothesis that needs to be evaluated

# हेतुः । Hetuhu is the proposed reasoning of the problem

# हेतुः । Hetuhu is the proposed reasoning of the problem