Namakaranam (नामकरणम्)

Namakarana (Samskrit: नामकरणम्) is the naming ceremony. Nāma means name of a thing or being. Ever since men evolved a language, they have tried to give names to things of daily use in their life. With the .progress of social consciousness men were also named, because without particular names of individuals it was impossible to carry on the business of a cultured society.

परिचयः ॥ Introduction

As quoted in Viramotrodaya, Brhaspati with a poetic exaggeration remarks about the desirability of naming:

नामाखिलस्य व्यवहारहेतुः शुभावहं कर्मसु भाग्यहेतुः । नाम्नैव कीर्ति लभते मनुष्यस्ततः प्रशस्तं खलु नामकर्म ॥ (Viramotrodaya)

“Name is the primary means of social intercourse, it brings about merits and it is the root of fortune. From name man attains fame. Therefore, naming ceremony is' very praiseworthy.”

The scope of Namakarana is restricted to ceremonial naming process mentioned in Sanatana dharma. It is generally found that the choice of a name for the child is often connected with religious ideas. The child is frequently named after a devata who seems to be regarded its protector or is named after a saint whose blessings are sought for it. Secular ideas are also responsible for determining names. They denote a particular quality in the person named.

The assuming of a secret name is also found. It involves the personality of a man and is, therefore, withheld from enemies. The child was named according to his Nakshatra secretly during Jatakarma according to some texts. The adoption of the father’s name is prevalent, which is based on the family attachment and pride. Thus there are so many factors working behind the system of giving name to a person.

Namakarana Samskara in Vedas

In the Rigveda, the word, "Naman" or name is of common occurrence.

संस्कारविधिः ॥ Samskara Vidhi

It should be done on tenth day or on a date after tenth day –

दशम्याम् उत्थितायां स्नातायां पुत्रस्य नाम दधाति पितामाता इति। आपस्तम्बगृह्यसूत्रम् १५.८॥daśamyām utthitāyāṃ snātāyāṃ putrasya nāma dadhāti pitāmātā iti। Āpastambagṛhyasūtram 15.8॥

On the tenth day, after the mother wakes up, takes bath, both the father and mother establish the name.

द्व्यक्षरं चतुरक्षरं वा नाम . . . । आपस्तम्बगृह्यसूत्रम् १५.९॥ dvyakṣaraṃ caturakṣaraṃ vā nāma । . . . Āpastambagṛhyasūtram 15.9॥

The name should consist of two or four letters. There are other conditions regarding the form of the name in different Gṛhyasūtras. This is called Vyāvahārikanāma (the name useful for day to day worldly transactions). For a male child the name should have even number of letters whereas it is uneven number of letters for a female child.

Ayurveda's viewpoint on Namakarana

Acharya Vagbhata in Ashtanga Samgraha treatise describes in depth about the Namakarana Samskara.

The time of samskara

There are 4 different opinions regarding the right time to perform Namakarana samskara. Acharya Vagbhata has mentioned these 3 times as below,

• 10th day after birth
• 12th day after birth
• 100th day after birth
• On completing 1 year of age

Preparations

• The newly born child's mother completes 10th day post delivery. She is advised to take a bath and wear new clean soft cloths.
• The same is applicable to the baby as well who should be bathed and adorned. As a part of Rakshavidhi (See Jatakarma samskara for details) child's body is advised to be smeared with herbo-mineral mixtures containing agauru, Chandana, Manoha, Haratala (Arsenic compound) etc.
• Close relatives are called for the ceremony.

दशमे द्वादशे वाह्नि गोत्राचारैः शुभैः शुभे|

सूता स्नानोत्सवं कुर्यात्पिताऽपत्यस्य नाम च|

दिने शततमे वाख्यां पूर्णे संवत्सरेऽथवा|

विभ्रतोऽङ्गैर्मनोह्वालरोचनागुरुचन्दनम्|

Who should perform the naming ceremony

One can find the reference in Ashtanga Samgraha that the child's father has been assigned the duty to name the child.

How to select the name for the child

Acharya vagbhata has proposed few guidelines with the help of which the parents are advised to select the name of their child. The guidelines are as follows,

पूज्यं त्रिपुरुषानूकमादौ घोषवदक्षरम्|

अवृद्धं कृतमूष्मान्तमनरातिप्रतिष्ठितम्|

नक्षत्रदेवतायुक्तं तदेव तु न केवलम्|

मङ्गल्यमन्तरन्तस्थं न दुष्टं न च तद्धितम्|

पुंसो विसर्जनीयान्तं समवर्णं स्त्रियाः पुनः|

विषमाक्षरमक्रूरं विस्पष्टार्थं मनोरमम्|

सुखोद्यं दीर्घवर्णान्तमाशीर्वादाभिधानवत्||२६|| (Asht. Samg. 1.26)

• The name of the child should be somewhat mathcing the names of his father, grandfather and forefather.
• The first letter of the name should be 'Ghosh akshara' means the 3rd letter in the multiple groups from samskrit varnamala
• The last letter should be the 'ushma akshara' from samskrt varnamala
• two names should be decided.
  1. Nakshatrika name- On the basis of birth nakshatra and devata of that nakshatra
  2. Abhiprayika name- The actual name

• The name should be reputed, sacred, having good meaning
• For a male child- The name should end with visarjaneeya letter at the end. Also it should have even nunber of letters
• For a female child- The name should have odd number of letters. Her name should be gentle, pleasant and have clear meaning which suggests happiness. It should end with 'Deergha varnas' from samskrt varnamala.
• The name should be such that whenever anyone calls the child with that name, it should appear as if the calling person is blessing the child.