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{{ToBeEdited}}MW
ग्रह m. a planet (as seizing or influencing the destinies of men in a supernatural manner ; sometimes 5 are enumerated , viz. Mars , Mercury , Jupiter , Venus , and Saturn MBh. vi , 4566 f. R. i , 19 , 2 Ragh. iii , 13 etc. ; also 7 i.e. the preceding with राहुand केतुMBh. vii , 5636 ; also 9 i.e. the sun [See. S3Br. iv , 6 , 5 , 1 and 5 MBh. xiii , 913 ; xiv , 1175 ] and moon with the 7 preceding Ya1jn5. i , 295 MBh. iv , 48 VarBr2S. ; also the polar star is called a ग्रह, Garg. ( Jyot. 5 Sch. ) ; the planets are either auspicious शुभ-, सद्-, or inauspicious क्रूर-, पाप-VarBr2S. ; with जैनs they constitute one of the 5 classes of the ज्योतिष्कs)
Graha-gaṇa, as, m. the whole number of planets taken collectively
Graha-gaṇita, am, n. = gaṇita, the astronomical part of a Jyotiḥ-śāstra.
Graha-ćintaka, as, m. an astrologer.
Graha-nāyaka, as, m. the leader of the planets; the planet Saturn; the sun.
Graha-nemi, is, m. the moon.
Graha-pati, is, m. the chief of the planets, the sun; the plant Calotropis Gigantea [cf. arka], = gṛha-pati.
Graha-pīḍana, am, n. or grahapīḍā, f. the pain or oppression caused by a planet; the obscurity caused by Rāhu, an eclipse; the influence of an unpropitious planet.
--Graha-pusha, as, m. the sun (cherishing the planets with his light).
--Grahapūjā, f. worship of the sun and other planets.
--Graha-bhakti, is, f. distribution among the planets, division of countries &c. with respect to the presiding planets; title of the sixteenth chapter in Varāha-mihira's Bṛhat-saṃhitā.
Graha-mardana, am, n. friction or opposition between the planets.
--Graha-yajṅa or grahayāga, as, m. worship or sacrifice offered to the planets.
Graha-yuti, is, m. conjunction of the planets.
--Graha-yuddha, am, n. strife or opposition of the planets; title of the seventeenth Adhyāya of Varāha-mihira's Bṛhatsaṃhitā.
--Graha-rāja, as, m. the king of the planets; the sun; the moon; the planet Jupiter or its regent.
Grahavarsha, as, m. a planetary year; title of the nineteenth Adhyāya of Varāha-mihira's Bṛhat-saṃhitā, which describes the good or evil fortune belonging to certain days, months or years ruled over by particular planets.
--Graha-vipra, as, m. an astrologer.
--Graha-vimarda, as, m. friction of the planets, opposition, = graha-mardana.
--Graha-śānti, is, f. propitiation of the planets by sacrifices &c.
--Grahaśṛńgāṭaka, am, n. triangular position of the planets with reference to each other; title of the twentieth Adhyāya in Varāha-mihira's Bṛhat-saṃhitā, treating also of many other positions of the planets.
--Grahasamāgama, as, m. conjunction of the planets; also in the comp. śaśi-graha-samāgama, conjunction of the moon with asterisms or planets.
--Grahādhāra (ºha-ādhº), as, m. the polar star as the fixed centre of the planets.
Grahārāma-kutūhala or karaṇa-kutūhala, am, n., N. of an astronomical work by Bhāskara.
Grahāvamardana (ºha-avº), am, n. friction of the planets, opposition; [cf. graha-mardana.]
--Graheśa (ºha-īśº), as, m. the chief of the planets, the sun.
MW Eng-Sansk
PLANET, s. ग्रहः, भ्रमन् ग्रहः, तारा, तारका -कं, ज्योतिस् n., ज्योतिषी, ज्योतिष्कः, खेचरः, खगः, गगणेचरः, गगणाध्वगः, विहगः, खोल्कः, नक्षत्रं, ऋक्षः, द्युषद् m., द्युसद् m., भं; ‘minor planet,’ उपग्रहः; ‘the planets collectively,’ ग्रहगणः, ज्योतिर्गणः, ग्रहमण्डलं, भ्रमन्तो ग्रहाः m. pl.; ‘the nine planets,’ नवग्रहाः m. pl. These, according to the Hindu4s, are 1. the sun, सूर्य्यः; 2. the moon, चन्द्रः; 3. Mercury, बुधः; 4. Venus, शुक्रः; 5. Mars, मङ्गलः; 6. Jupiter, गुरुः m.; 7. Saturn, शनिः m.; 8. the ascending node, राहुः m.; 9. the descending node, केतुः m. The two last are considered to be minor planets. The other names of the planets will be found under each separate head of Mercury, &c
--(Auspicious planet) शुभग्रहः, सुग्रहः, सौम्यग्रहः; of these there are four, viz. Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, and the Moon
--(Inauspicious planet) कुग्रहः, अशुभग्रहः, पापग्रहः; of these there are five, viz. Mars, Saturn, the Sun, and the two nodes. ‘Planet at its apex,’ तुङ्गी m. (न्); ‘motion of the planets,’ ग्रहचारः; ‘motion in their orbits,’ गतिः f.; ‘passage of a planet,’ सङ्क्रमः, सङ्क्रान्तिः f.; ‘conjunction,’ सङ्गमः; ‘aspect,’ ग्रहदशा; ‘influence,’ ग्रहयोगः, ग्रहावेशः; ‘unpropitious influence,’ ग्रहपीडा, ग्रहबाधा; ‘propitious influence,’ ग्रहानुकूल्यं, ग्रहबलं; ‘worship of the planets,’ ग्रहपूजा; ‘propitiation of them,’ ग्रहशान्तिः f., ग्रहसाधनं; ‘sacrifice in propitiation of them,’ ग्रहयागः, ग्रहयज्ञः, ग्रहमखः; ‘presents made to Bra4hmans for propitiating them,’ ग्रहदानं; ‘incantations to render them propitious,’ ग्रहजपः; ‘ascertainment of their aspect,’ ग्रहसाधनं; ‘calculations or tables for determining their position,’ ग्रहसारणी; ‘diagram representing their aspect,’ ग्रहकुण्डली; ‘meeting of the seven planets under one sign,’ सप्तग्रहसङ्गमः.
Apte
PLANET, s. ग्रहः, भ्रमन् ग्रहः, तारा, तारका -कं, ज्योतिस् n., ज्योतिषी, ज्योतिष्कः, खेचरः, खगः, गगणेचरः, गगणाध्वगः, विहगः, खोल्कः, नक्षत्रं, ऋक्षः, द्युषद् m., द्युसद् m., भं; ‘minor planet,’ उपग्रहः; ‘the planets collectively,’ ग्रहगणः, ज्योतिर्गणः, ग्रहमण्डलं, भ्रमन्तो ग्रहाः m. pl.; ‘the nine planets,’ नवग्रहाः m. pl. These, according to the Hindu4s, are 1. the sun, सूर्य्यः; 2. the moon, चन्द्रः; 3. Mercury, बुधः; 4. Venus, शुक्रः; 5. Mars, मङ्गलः; 6. Jupiter, गुरुः m.; 7. Saturn, शनिः m.; 8. the ascending node, राहुः m.; 9. the descending node, केतुः m. The two last are considered to be minor planets. The other names of the planets will be found under each separate head of Mercury, &c
--(Auspicious planet) शुभग्रहः, सुग्रहः, सौम्यग्रहः; of these there are four, viz. Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, and the Moon
--(Inauspicious planet) कुग्रहः, अशुभग्रहः, पापग्रहः; of these there are five, viz. Mars, Saturn, the Sun, and the two nodes. ‘Planet at its apex,’ तुङ्गी m. (न्); ‘motion of the planets,’ ग्रहचारः; ‘motion in their orbits,’ गतिः f.; ‘passage of a planet,’ सङ्क्रमः, सङ्क्रान्तिः f.; ‘conjunction,’ सङ्गमः; ‘aspect,’ ग्रहदशा; ‘influence,’ ग्रहयोगः, ग्रहावेशः; ‘unpropitious influence,’ ग्रहपीडा, ग्रहबाधा; ‘propitious influence,’ ग्रहानुकूल्यं, ग्रहबलं; ‘worship of the planets,’ ग्रहपूजा; ‘propitiation of them,’ ग्रहशान्तिः f., ग्रहसाधनं; ‘sacrifice in propitiation of them,’ ग्रहयागः, ग्रहयज्ञः, ग्रहमखः; ‘presents made to Bra4hmans for propitiating them,’ ग्रहदानं; ‘incantations to render them propitious,’ ग्रहजपः; ‘ascertainment of their aspect,’ ग्रहसाधनं; ‘calculations or tables for determining their position,’ ग्रहसारणी; ‘diagram representing their aspect,’ ग्रहकुण्डली; ‘meeting of the seven planets under one sign,’ सप्तग्रहसङ्गमः.
Shabda Sagara
m. (-हः)
1. Taking, whether by seizure or acceptance.
2. An eclipse or seizure of the sun or moon, by RAHU, &c.
3. A planet.
4. The place of a planet in the fixed zodiac.
5. A moveable point in the heavens.
6. A name of RAHU, or the ascending node.
7. An imp, one of a particular class, beginning with PUTANA, supposed especially to seize upon young children producing convulsions.
8. Effort in battle.
9. Tenacity, perseverance.
10. Purpose, design.
11. Favor, patronage. E. ग्रह् to take, &c. affix अच्.
Amarakosha
ग्रह पुं।
ग्रहणम्
समानार्थक:उपराग,ग्रह
1।4।9।2।2
सा दृष्टेन्दुः सिनीवाली सा नष्टेन्दुकला कुहूः। उपरागो ग्रहो राहुग्रस्ते त्विन्दौ च पूष्णि च॥
वैशिष्ट्य : अर्कादयः
पदार्थ-विभागः : , द्रव्यम्, कालः
Kalpadruma
ग्रहः, पुं, (गृह्णाति गतिविशेषानिति । यद्वा, गृह्णाति फलदातृत्वेन जीवानिति । ग्रह् + “विभाषा ग्रहः ।” ३ । १ । १४३ । इति पक्षे अच् ।) सूर्य्यादिनव । यथा । रविसोममङ्गल- बुधबृहस्पतिशुक्रशनिराहुकेतवः । (यदुक्तम्, -- “सूर्य्यश्चन्द्रो मङ्गलश्च बुधश्चापि बृहस्पतिः । शुक्रः शनैश्चरो राहुः केतुश्चेति नव ग्रहाः ॥” “लोकानद्रीन् स्वरान् धातून् मुनीन् द्बीपान् ग्रहानपि । समिधः सप्त सङ्ख्याताः सप्तजिह्वा हविर्भुजः ॥”
References: Bhagavata Purana, Mahabharata, Matsya Purana, Linga Purana, Garuda Purana, Ramayana, Skanda Purana (Reva Khanda), Surya Siddhanta, Raja Nighatu, Kurma Purana, Yajnavalkya Smrti, Manusmrti, Skanda Purana, Agni Purana, Sattvata Tantra, Vishnu Smrti, Dhanvantari Nighantu, Katyayana Smrti, Aitareyopanishad, Arthashastra, Gopathabrahmana, Kalika Purana, Narada Smrti, Sankhyakarika Bhashya.
== Grahas in the Vedic literature ==
== Grahas in the Vedic literature ==