Difference between revisions of "64 Kalas (चतुःषष्टिः कलाः)"

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|वृक्षायुर्वेदयोगाः ॥ Vrkshayurveda yoga (Nursing and treating plants)
 
|वृक्षायुर्वेदयोगाः ॥ Vrkshayurveda yoga (Nursing and treating plants)
−
|<nowiki>कृत्रिमस्वर्णरत्नादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Krtrimasvarnaratnadi krya jnana (Preparation of artificial gold and gems)</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>कृत्रिमस्वर्णरत्नादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Krtrimasvarnaratnadi krya jnana (Preparation of artificial gold and gems) and स्वर्णाद्यलङ्कारकृतिः लेपादिसत्कृतिः ॥ Svarnadi alankara krti lepadisatkrti (Making of ornaments with gold and other metals and enamelling)</nowiki>
 
|home-planning
 
|home-planning
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिः ॥ Mesha kukkutalavaka yuddhavidhi (Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport)
 
|मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिः ॥ Mesha kukkutalavaka yuddhavidhi (Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport)
−
|<nowiki>चर्मणां मार्दवादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Charmanam mardavadi krya jnana (</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>चर्मणां मार्दवादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Charmanam mardavadi krya jnana (Softening of leathers)</nowiki>
 
|training animals
 
|training animals
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम्  ॥ Shuka sarika pralapana (teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech)
 
|शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम्  ॥ Shuka sarika pralapana (teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech)
−
|<nowiki>पशुचर्माङ्गनिर्हारक्रियाज्ञानम् || Pashucharmanganirhara krya jnana Secret word codes for communication or Mushti sanket - Secret communication through fingers (used by traders in auctions).</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>पशुचर्माङ्गनिर्हारक्रियाज्ञानम् || Pashucharmanganirhara krya jnana (Flaying of skins from the bodies of the beasts)</nowiki>
 
|training birds
 
|training birds
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|45
 
|उत्सादनम्  ॥ Utsadana (Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm)
 
|उत्सादनम्  ॥ Utsadana (Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm)
−
|<nowiki>दुग्धदोहादिविज्ञानम् || Dugdhadohadi vijnana - Secret communication through gestures.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>दुग्धदोहादिविज्ञानम् || Dugdhadohadi vijnana (Milking)</nowiki>
 
|coding
 
|coding
  
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|केशमार्जनकौशलम्  ॥ Keshamarjana kaushala (Cleaning and dressing the hair)  
 
|केशमार्जनकौशलम्  ॥ Keshamarjana kaushala (Cleaning and dressing the hair)  
−
|<nowiki>घृतान्तम् || Grtanta Knowledge of foreign languages.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>घृतान्तम् || Grtanta (Churning)</nowiki>
 
|making instruments/machines
 
|making instruments/machines
 
|-
 
|-
 
|47
 
|47
 
|अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनम् ॥ Aksharamushtika kathana (Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm)
 
|अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनम् ॥ Aksharamushtika kathana (Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm)
−
|<nowiki>सीवने कञ्चुकादीनां विज्ञानम् || Seevane Kanchukadinam Vijnana Decoration of vehicles with flowers.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>सीवने कञ्चुकादीनां विज्ञानम् || Seevane Kanchukadinam Vijnana (Sewing of covers)</nowiki>
 
|training memory
 
|training memory
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|48
 
|म्लेच्छितकविकल्पाः ॥ Mlecchitaka vikalpa (Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians)
 
|म्लेच्छितकविकल्पाः ॥ Mlecchitaka vikalpa (Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians)
−
|<nowiki>बाह्वादिभिः जले तरणम् || Bahvadibhih jale tarana Knowledge of auspicious date and time for a particular work.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>बाह्वादिभिः जले तरणम् || Bahvadibhih jale tarana (Swimming)</nowiki>
 
|physical exercise  
 
|physical exercise  
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|देशभाषाज्ञानम्  ॥ Deshabhasha jnana (Fluently talking in the different Indian dialects)
 
|देशभाषाज्ञानम्  ॥ Deshabhasha jnana (Fluently talking in the different Indian dialects)
−
|<nowiki>मार्जने गृहभाण्डादेः विज्ञानम् || Marjane Grhabhandadeh Vijnana Knowledge of instruments or machines</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>मार्जने गृहभाण्डादेः विज्ञानम् || Marjane Grhabhandadeh Vijnana (Cleansing of domestic utensils)</nowiki>
 
|yogic
 
|yogic
  
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|पुष्पशकटिकानिमित्तज्ञानम् ॥ Pushpashakatika nimitta jnana (Decoration of vehicles with flowers and Reading good or bad omens)
 
|पुष्पशकटिकानिमित्तज्ञानम् ॥ Pushpashakatika nimitta jnana (Decoration of vehicles with flowers and Reading good or bad omens)
−
|<nowiki>वस्त्रसम्मार्जनम् || Vastrasammarjana Remembering heard sentences.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>वस्त्रसम्मार्जनम् || Vastrasammarjana (Cleaning of clothes)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|यन्त्रमातृका ॥ Yantramatrka (Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet)
 
|यन्त्रमातृका ॥ Yantramatrka (Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet)
−
|<nowiki>क्षुरकर्म || Kshurakarma</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>क्षुरकर्म || Kshurakarma (Shaving)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|धारणमातृका ॥ Dharanamatrka (Remembering heard sentences)
 
|धारणमातृका ॥ Dharanamatrka (Remembering heard sentences)
−
|<nowiki>तिलमांसादिस्नेहानां निष्कासने कृतिः || Tilamamsadisnehanam nishkasane krti – To complete incomplete poem or its part.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>तिलमांसादिस्नेहानां निष्कासने कृतिः || Tilamamsadisnehanam nishkasane krti ((Extraction of oil from seeds and fats from flesh)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|सम्पाट्यम् ॥ Sampatya (Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes)  
 
|सम्पाट्यम् ॥ Sampatya (Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes)  
−
|<nowiki>सीराद्याकर्षणे ज्ञानम् || Seeradyakarshane jnana</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>सीराद्याकर्षणे ज्ञानम् || Seeradyakarshane jnana (Drawing of ploughs)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse)
 
|मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse)
−
|<nowiki>वृक्षाद्यारोहणे कला || Vrkshadyarohane kala</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>वृक्षाद्यारोहणे कला || Vrkshadyarohane kala (Climbing of trees)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms)
 
|क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms)
−
|<nowiki>मनोऽनुकूलसेवायाः कृतिज्ञानम् || Manonukulasevayah krti jnana Poetry forms</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>मनोऽनुकूलसेवायाः कृतिज्ञानम् || Manonukulasevayah krti jnana (Knowledge of pleasing in work)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|56
 
|छलितकयोगाः ॥ Chalitayoga (Conceal body or speech)
 
|छलितकयोगाः ॥ Chalitayoga (Conceal body or speech)
−
|<nowiki>वेणुतृणादिपात्राणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Venutrnadipatranam krti jnana –Conceal body or speech.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>वेणुतृणादिपात्राणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Venutrnadipatranam krti jnana (Making of vessels with bamboo straws)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|अभिधानकोषच्छन्दोज्ञानम् ॥ Abhidhanakosh chanda jnana (lexicography and prosody)
 
|अभिधानकोषच्छन्दोज्ञानम् ॥ Abhidhanakosh chanda jnana (lexicography and prosody)
−
|<nowiki>काचपात्रादिकरणविज्ञानम् || Kacapatradikarana vijnana – covering parts of body with cloth.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>काचपात्रादिकरणविज्ञानम् || Kacapatradikarana vijnana (Making of glass vessels)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|वस्त्रगोपनानि ॥ Vastragopana (Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are)
 
|वस्त्रगोपनानि ॥ Vastragopana (Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are)
−
|<nowiki>जलानां संसेचनं संहरणम् || Jalanam sansechanam saharana</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>जलानां संसेचनं संहरणम् || Jalanam sansechanam saharana (Pumping and withdrawing water)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|59
 
|द्यूतविशेषः ॥ Dyutavishesha (Playing at dice)
 
|द्यूतविशेषः ॥ Dyutavishesha (Playing at dice)
−
|<nowiki>लोहाभिसारशस्त्रास्त्रकृतिज्ञानम् || Lohabhisarashastrastra krti jnana - Playing with dices.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>लोहाभिसारशस्त्रास्त्रकृतिज्ञानम् || Lohabhisarashastrastra krti jnana (Preparation of tools and implements from iron)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects)
 
|आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects)
−
|<nowiki>गजाश्ववृषभोष्ट्राणां पल्याणादिक्रिया || Gajashvavrshbhoshtranam palyanadi krya</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>गजाश्ववृषभोष्ट्राणां पल्याणादिक्रिया || Gajashvavrshbhoshtranam palyanadi krya (Preparation of saddles for horses, elephants, bulls and camels)</nowiki>
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|बालकक्रीडनकानि ॥ Balaka kreedanaka (Playing childrens' games)
 
|बालकक्रीडनकानि ॥ Balaka kreedanaka (Playing childrens' games)
−
|<nowiki>शिशोः संरक्षणे धारणे क्रीडने ज्ञानम् || Shisho samrakshane dharane kreedane jnana – Behavior with known and unknown persons.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>शिशोः संरक्षणे धारणे क्रीडने ज्ञानम् || Shisho samrakshane dharane kreedane jnana (Maintenance, entertainment and nursing of children)</nowiki>
 
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|-
 
|-
 
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|वैनायिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vainaayiki vidya jnana (The Practice of charms)
 
|वैनायिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vainaayiki vidya jnana (The Practice of charms)
−
|<nowiki>अपराधिजने मुयुक्ताताडनज्ञानम् || Aparadhijane muyuktatadana jnana –Knowledge of victory.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>अपराधिजने मुयुक्ताताडनज्ञानम् || Aparadhijane muyuktatadana jnana (Punishment of offenders)</nowiki>
 
|
 
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|-
 
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|वैजयिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vaijayiki vidya jnana (Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate)
 
|वैजयिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vaijayiki vidya jnana (Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate)
−
|<nowiki>नानादेशीयवर्णानां सुसम्यग् लेखने || Nanadeseeyavarnanam susamyag lekhane Physical exercise.</nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>नानादेशीयवर्णानां सुसम्यग् लेखने || Nanadeseeyavarnanam susamyag lekhane (Writing characters of various languages)</nowiki>
 
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|-
 
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|64
 
|वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम्  ॥ Vaitaliki vidya jnana (Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control)
 
|वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम्  ॥ Vaitaliki vidya jnana (Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control)
−
|<nowiki>ताम्बूलरक्षादिकृतिविज्ञानम् || Tambularakshadi krti vijnana </nowiki>
+
|<nowiki>ताम्बूलरक्षादिकृतिविज्ञानम् || Tambularakshadi krti vijnana (Making and preservation of betels)</nowiki>
 
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Revision as of 11:04, 28 March 2018

Kala (Samskrit: कला) or Art is a vital component of the Ancient Indian Education System. They are disciplines, a student acquires knowledge of, during the course of training in the गुरुकुलम् ॥ Gurukula. They are called as चतुःषष्टिः कलाः ॥ Chatusshashti Kala since they are 64 in number.

परिचयः ॥ Introduction

भारतवर्षः ॥ Bharatavarsha (Ancient Indian Sub-continent) has always attached great value to knowledge. Talking of India's knowledge tradition, Kapil Kapoor says, "India's knowledge tradition is ancient and uninterrupted like the flow of the river Ganga."

ज्ञानम् ॥ Jnana (Knowledge) has been at the centre of all speculations in India. There are three terms that appear in all discussions related to knowledge[1]:

  • दर्शनम् ॥ Darshana
  • ज्ञानम् ॥ Jnana
  • विद्या ॥ Vidya

दर्शनम् ॥ Darshana literally means "a point of view" which leads to ज्ञानम् ॥ Jnana (knowledge). When this knowledge, gathered about a particular domain is organized and systematized for purposes of चिन्तनम् ॥ Chintana (reflection) and अध्यापनम् ॥ Adhyapana (pedagogy), it attains the status of विद्या ॥ Vidya (discipline).

The tradition always talks of a combination 18 major विद्याः ॥ Vidyas (disciplines of knowledge) and 64 कलाः ॥ kalas (arts) while referring to the curriculum of Ancient Indian Education[2]

The 18 विद्याः ॥ Vidyas include:

  • चतुर्वेदाः ॥ The Four Vedas: ऋग्वेदः ॥ Rigveda, यजुर्वेदः ॥ Yajurveda, सामवेदः ॥ Samaveda and अथर्ववेदः ॥ Atharvaveda
  • चत्वारः उपवेदाः ॥ The Four subsidiary Vedas: आयुर्वेदः ॥ Ayurveda (medicine), धनुर्वेदः ॥ Dhanurveda (weaponry), गान्धर्ववेदः ॥ Gandharvaveda (music) and शिल्पशास्त्रम् ॥ Shilpashastra (architecture)
  • चत्वारि उपाङ्गानि ॥ The Four Upangas: पुराणम् ॥ Purana, न्यायः ॥ Nyaya, मीमांसा ॥ Mimamsa, धर्मशास्त्रम् ॥ Dharma Shastra
  • षड्वेदाङ्गानि ॥ The Six Vedangas (Auxiliary Sciences): शिक्षा ॥ Shiksha (phonetics), व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana (grammar), छन्दस् ॥ Chandas (metre), ज्योतिष् ॥ Jyotish (astronomy), कल्पः ॥ Kalpa (ritual) and निरुक्तम् ॥ Nirukta (etymology)

However, as far as the कलाः ॥ kalas (arts) are concerned, there are competing enumerations of 64.

Which are the 64 Kalas ?

As mentioned above, there are slight variations regarding the enumeration of the 64 कलाः ॥ Kalas (arts). The mention of these arts occur in:

  • शैवतन्त्रम् ॥ Shaivatantra
  • महाभारतम् ॥ Mahabharata by व्यासमहर्षिः ॥ Vyasa Maharshi
  • कामसूत्रम् ॥ Kamasutra by वात्स्यायनः ॥ Vatsyayana
  • नाट्यशास्त्रम् ॥ Natya Shastra by भरतमुनिः ॥ Bharatamuni
  • भगवतपुराणम् ॥ Bhagavata Purana by व्यासमहर्षिः ॥ Vyasa Maharshi
  • शुक्रनीतिः ॥ Shukraneeti by शुक्राचार्यः ॥ Shukracharya
  • शिवतत्त्वरत्नाकरः ॥ Shivatattvaratnakara by बसवराजेन्द्रः ॥ Basavarajendra

The list of the 64 Kalas in some these texts have been juxtaposed in the following table:

चतुःषष्टिः कलाः ॥ Chatusshashti Kala (64 Arts)
Text शैवतन्त्रम्[3][4][5] शुक्रनीतिसार शिवतत्वरत्नाकरः
1 गीतम् ॥ Geeta (Singing) नर्तनम् ॥ Nartana (Dancing) History
2 वाद्यम् ॥ Vadya (Playing on various musical instruments) वादनम् || Vadana (Playing musical instruments) Poetry
3 नृत्यम् ॥ Nrtya (Dancing) वस्त्रालङ्कारसन्धानम् || Vastralankara sandhana (Decoration by dress and ornaments) Calligraphy
4 नाट्यम् ॥ Natya (Acting, gesticulation, mimicry) अनेकरूपाविर्भावकृतिज्ञानम् || Anekaroopavirbhavakrti jnana (Knowledge of sundry mimicry and antics) Metrical compositions
5 आलेख्यम् ॥ Alekhya (Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy) शय्यस्तरणसंयोगपुष्पादिग्रथनम् || shayyastaranasamyoga pushpadi grathana (Laying out of beds and furniture and weaving of garland) Dancing
6 विशेषकच्छेद्यम् ॥ Visheshakacchedya (Painting figures of various designs on the various parts of the body with musk paste and other fragrant substances) द्युताद्यनेकक्रीडा || Dyutadyanekakreeda (Entertaining people with gambling and various tricks of magic) Evaluating precious stones
7 तण्डुलकुसुमयलिविकाराः ॥ Tandula kusumayalivikara (Preparing for use in worship various designs with grains of rice, flowers, etc) अनेकासनसन्धानैः रतेः ज्ञानम् || Anekasanasandhanaih rateh jnaana (Knowledge of different aspects of giving pleasure) Wrestling
8 पुष्पास्तरणम् ॥ Pushpaastarana (Preparing a bed of flowers) मकरन्दादीनां मद्यादीनां कृतिः || Makarandadinam madyadinam krti (Distillation of wines and spirituous liquors from flowers) Cooking
9 दशनवसनाङ्गरागाः ॥ Dashana vasananga raga (Colouring the teeth and other limbs and articles of wearing apparel) शिराव्रणव्याधे शूल्यगूढाहृतौ ज्ञानम् || Shiravranavyadhe shulyagudhahrtau jnana (Extrication of thorns and relieving pain by operating on the wounds of a vein) Magic
10 मणिभूमिकाकर्म ॥ Mani bhumika karma (Paving a floor with Precious stones) हिङ्ग्वादिरससंयोगाद् अन्नादिपचनम् || Hingvadi rasasamyogad annadi pachana (Cooking of food by intermixtures of various tastes) Shoe-making
11 शयनरचनम् ॥ Shayana rachana (Preparing a bed) वृक्षादिप्रसवारोपपालनादिकृतिः || Vrkshadiprasavaropapalanadi krti Udakaghat (Planting, grafting and preservation of plants) Thieving
12 उदकवाद्यम् ॥ Udakavadya (Using a pot full of water as a musical instrument and treading on water) पाषाणधात्वादिहतिस्तद्भस्मोकरणम् || Pashanadhatvadi hatistadbhasmokarana (Melting and powdering of stones and metals) Iron smithery
13 उदकघातः ॥ Udakaghata (Sprinkling with water cannons) इक्षुविकाराणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Ikshuvikaranam Krtijnana (Using preparations from sugarcanes) Painting
14 चित्रायोगाः ॥ Chitrayoga (Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy) धात्वौषधीनां संयोगक्रियाज्ञानम् || Dhatu Aushadhinam samyoga Kriya jnana (Knowledge of mixtures of metals and medicinal plants) Gardening
15 माल्यग्रथनविकल्पाः ॥ Malyagrathana vikalpa (Preparing chaplets and wreathe of flowers) धातुसाङ्कर्य्यपार्थक्यकरणम् || Dhatu sankaryaparthakya karana (Analysis and synthesis of metals) Carpentry
16 केशशेखरापीडयोजनम् ॥ Keshashekharapeeda yojana (Ladies hair styling) धात्वादीनां संयोगापूर्वज्ञानम् || Dhatu adinam samyogapoorva jnana (Preparation of alloys) Hair-dressing
17 नेपथ्ययोगाः ॥ Nepathyayoga (Modes of beautifying the body with cloths and ornaments of various kinds) क्षारनिष्कासनज्ञानम् || ksharanishkasana jnana (Preparation of salts) Hunting
18 कर्णपत्रभङ्गाः ॥ Karnapatrabhanga (Painting ornamental figures on the ears) पदादिन्यासतः शस्त्रसन्धानविक्षेपः || Padadinyasata shastrasandhana vikshepa (Use and arrangement of arms by proper arrangement of legs). Trading
19 गन्धयुक्तिः ॥ Gandhayukti (Making perfumes and cosmetics) सन्ध्याघाताकृष्टिभेदैः मल्लयुद्धम् || Sandhyaghatakrshribhedaih Mallayuddha (Duelling with various artifices) Agriculture
20 भूषणयोजनम् ॥ Bhushanayojana (Making ornaments of various designs) मल्लानामशस्त्रं मुष्टिभिः बाहुयुद्धम् || Mallanamashastram mushtibhih bahuyuddha (Hand to hand fight) Animal husbandry
21 इन्द्रजालम् ॥ Indrajala (Jugglery) बलदर्पविनाशान्तं नियुद्धम् || Baladarpavinashantam Niyuddha (Niyuddha for destruction of enemy's power and vanity) making medicines,
22 कौचुमारयोगाः ॥ Kauchumarayoga (the art of beautification) सन्निपातावघातैश्च कृतं निपीडनम् तन्मुक्तिः || Sannipatavaghataishcha Krtam nipeedanam tanmukti (Attack by duellers and method of extricating oneself from these) leather work,
23 हस्तलाघवम् ॥ Hastalaghava (Sleight of hand) अभिलक्षिते देशे यन्त्राद्यस्वनिपातनम् || Abhilakshite deshe yantradyasvanipatana (Throwing of arms and implements towards some fixed point) driving,
24 चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविकारक्रिया ॥ Chitrashakapupabhakyavikara kriya (Culinary art) वाद्यसङ्केततो व्यूहरचना || Vadyasanketato Vyuharachana (Formation of battle arrays according to signals given by musical instruments) fishing,
25 पानकरसरागासवयोजनम् ॥ Panakarasaragasava yojana (Making drinks of various tastes and colours and spirituous liquors of various kinds)   गजाश्वरथगत्या युद्धसंयोजनम् || Gajashvarathagatya Yuddhasamyojana (Arrangement of horses, elephants and chariots in war) speech-making
26 सूचीवापकर्म ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds) विविधासनमुद्राभिः देवतातोषणम् || Vividhasanamudrabhih devatatoshana (Propitiation of Gods by various seats and postures) singing
27 वीणाडमरुकसूत्रक्रीडा ॥ Veena damaruka sutra kreeda (Making musical instruments of various kinds and working puppets by strings) सारथ्यं च गजाश्वादेर्गतिशिक्षा || Sarathyam cha Gajashvadergatishiksha (Driving horses and elephants) playing musical instruments
28 प्रहेलिका ॥ Prahelika (Solving riddles) मृत्तिकाभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Mrttika bhandadi satkrya (Cleansing, etc of earthen vessels) preparing manuscripts
29 प्रतिमा* ॥ Pratima (Sculpture) काष्ठभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Kashtha bhandadi satkrya (Cleansing, etc of wooden vessels) garland-making,
30 दुर्वचकयोगाः ॥ Durvachaka yoga (Skill in uttering tongue twisters) पाषाणभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Pashana bhandadi satkrya (Cleansing, etc of stone vessels) dyeing
31 पुस्तकवाचनम् ॥ Pustaka vachana (The art of reading manuscripts easily and quickly) धातुभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Dhatu bhandadi satkrya (Cleansing, etc of metal vessels) body-care
32 नाटिकाख्यायिकादर्शनम्  ॥ Natika Akhyayika darshana (Dramaturgy and story writing) चित्राद्यालिखनम् || Chitradyalikhana (Picture drawing) use of weapons
33 काव्यसमस्यापूरणम् ॥ Kavya samasya purana (Completion of incomplete verses or part verses) तडागवापीप्रासादसमभूमिक्रिया || Tadagavapiprasada samabhumi krya (Construction of tanks, canals, palaces and squares) making moulds
34 पट्टिकावेत्रवाणविकल्पाः ॥ Pattikavetravana vikalpa (Making ligatures, canes, arrows) घट्यादानेकयन्त्राणां वाद्यानां कृतिः || Ghatyadanekayantranam vadyanam krtih (Construction of clocks, watches and musical instruments) performing pUjll (daily worship)
35 तर्कूकर्माणि ॥ Tarkukarma (Spindle work) हीनमध्यादिसंयोगवर्णाद्यै रञ्जनम् || Hinamadhyadisamyogavarnadyai ranjana (Dyeing by application of inferior, middling and other colours) inlay work
36 तक्षणम् ॥ Takshana (Carpentry) जलवाय्वग्निसंयोगनिरोधैश्च क्रिया || Jalavayvanisamyoga nirodhaishcha krya (Putting down actions of water, air and fire) arranging

flowers

37 वास्तुविद्या ॥ Vastuvidya (Architecture) नौकारथादियानानां कृतिज्ञानम् || naukarathadiyananam krti jnana (Preparation of boats, chariots and conveyances) preparing scents
38 रूप्यरत्नपरीक्षा  ॥ Roopya ratna pariksha (Testing valuable metals and precious stones) सूत्रादिरज्जुकरणविज्ञानम् || Sutradirajjukarana vijnana (Preparation of threads and ropes) bangle-making
39 धातुवादः  ॥ Dhatuvada (Alchemy) अनेकतन्त्तुसंयोगैः पटबन्धः || Anekatantusamyogaih Patabandha (Weaving of fabrics) stitching
40 मणिरागज्ञानम्  ॥ Maniraga jnana (Colouring precious stones) रत्नानां वेधादिसदसज्ज्ञानम् || Ratnanam vedhadisadasad jnana (Testing of gems) making ornaments
41 आकरज्ञानम् ॥ Akara jnana (Knowledge of latent minerals) स्वर्णादीनां याथात्म्यविज्ञानम् || Svarnadinam yathatmya vijnana (Testing of gold and other metals) making sweets
42 वृक्षायुर्वेदयोगाः ॥ Vrkshayurveda yoga (Nursing and treating plants) कृत्रिमस्वर्णरत्नादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Krtrimasvarnaratnadi krya jnana (Preparation of artificial gold and gems) and स्वर्णाद्यलङ्कारकृतिः लेपादिसत्कृतिः ॥ Svarnadi alankara krti lepadisatkrti (Making of ornaments with gold and other metals and enamelling) home-planning
43 मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिः ॥ Mesha kukkutalavaka yuddhavidhi (Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport) चर्मणां मार्दवादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Charmanam mardavadi krya jnana (Softening of leathers) training animals
44 शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम्  ॥ Shuka sarika pralapana (teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech) पशुचर्माङ्गनिर्हारक्रियाज्ञानम् || Pashucharmanganirhara krya jnana (Flaying of skins from the bodies of the beasts) training birds
45 उत्सादनम्  ॥ Utsadana (Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm) दुग्धदोहादिविज्ञानम् || Dugdhadohadi vijnana (Milking) coding
46 केशमार्जनकौशलम्  ॥ Keshamarjana kaushala (Cleaning and dressing the hair) घृतान्तम् || Grtanta (Churning) making instruments/machines
47 अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनम् ॥ Aksharamushtika kathana (Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm) सीवने कञ्चुकादीनां विज्ञानम् || Seevane Kanchukadinam Vijnana (Sewing of covers) training memory
48 म्लेच्छितकविकल्पाः ॥ Mlecchitaka vikalpa (Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians) बाह्वादिभिः जले तरणम् || Bahvadibhih jale tarana (Swimming) physical exercise
49 देशभाषाज्ञानम्  ॥ Deshabhasha jnana (Fluently talking in the different Indian dialects) मार्जने गृहभाण्डादेः विज्ञानम् || Marjane Grhabhandadeh Vijnana (Cleansing of domestic utensils) yogic

practices

50 पुष्पशकटिकानिमित्तज्ञानम् ॥ Pushpashakatika nimitta jnana (Decoration of vehicles with flowers and Reading good or bad omens) वस्त्रसम्मार्जनम् || Vastrasammarjana (Cleaning of clothes)
51 यन्त्रमातृका ॥ Yantramatrka (Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet) क्षुरकर्म || Kshurakarma (Shaving)
52 धारणमातृका ॥ Dharanamatrka (Remembering heard sentences) तिलमांसादिस्नेहानां निष्कासने कृतिः || Tilamamsadisnehanam nishkasane krti ((Extraction of oil from seeds and fats from flesh)
53 सम्पाट्यम् ॥ Sampatya (Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes) सीराद्याकर्षणे ज्ञानम् || Seeradyakarshane jnana (Drawing of ploughs)
54 मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse) वृक्षाद्यारोहणे कला || Vrkshadyarohane kala (Climbing of trees)
55 क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms) मनोऽनुकूलसेवायाः कृतिज्ञानम् || Manonukulasevayah krti jnana (Knowledge of pleasing in work)
56 छलितकयोगाः ॥ Chalitayoga (Conceal body or speech) वेणुतृणादिपात्राणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Venutrnadipatranam krti jnana (Making of vessels with bamboo straws)
57 अभिधानकोषच्छन्दोज्ञानम् ॥ Abhidhanakosh chanda jnana (lexicography and prosody) काचपात्रादिकरणविज्ञानम् || Kacapatradikarana vijnana (Making of glass vessels)
58 वस्त्रगोपनानि ॥ Vastragopana (Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are) जलानां संसेचनं संहरणम् || Jalanam sansechanam saharana (Pumping and withdrawing water)
59 द्यूतविशेषः ॥ Dyutavishesha (Playing at dice) लोहाभिसारशस्त्रास्त्रकृतिज्ञानम् || Lohabhisarashastrastra krti jnana (Preparation of tools and implements from iron)
60 आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects) गजाश्ववृषभोष्ट्राणां पल्याणादिक्रिया || Gajashvavrshbhoshtranam palyanadi krya (Preparation of saddles for horses, elephants, bulls and camels)
61 बालकक्रीडनकानि ॥ Balaka kreedanaka (Playing childrens' games) शिशोः संरक्षणे धारणे क्रीडने ज्ञानम् || Shisho samrakshane dharane kreedane jnana (Maintenance, entertainment and nursing of children)
62 वैनायिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vainaayiki vidya jnana (The Practice of charms) अपराधिजने मुयुक्ताताडनज्ञानम् || Aparadhijane muyuktatadana jnana (Punishment of offenders)
63 वैजयिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vaijayiki vidya jnana (Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate) नानादेशीयवर्णानां सुसम्यग् लेखने || Nanadeseeyavarnanam susamyag lekhane (Writing characters of various languages)
64 वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम्  ॥ Vaitaliki vidya jnana (Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control) ताम्बूलरक्षादिकृतिविज्ञानम् || Tambularakshadi krti vijnana (Making and preservation of betels)

*The शब्दकल्पद्रुमः ॥ Shabdakalpadruma mentions प्रतिमाला ॥ Pratimala (Capping verses) instead of प्रतिमा ॥ Pratima (Sculpture)

References

  1. ↑ Kapoor Kapil and Singh Avadhesh Kumar, Indian Knowledge Systems, Vol.1, NewDelhi: D.K.Printworld, Pg.no.11
  2. ↑ Kapoor Kapil and Singh Avadhesh Kumar, Indian Knowledge Systems, Vol.1, NewDelhi: D.K.Printworld, Pg.no.18
  3. ↑ Vachaspatyam
  4. ↑ Shabdakalpadruma
  5. ↑ Srimad Bhagavata Mahapurana (Part II), English redition: C.L.Goswami, Gorakhpur: Gita Press, Fourth Edition (1997), Pg.no.294 (annotation)
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