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== परिचय || Introduction ==

== परिचय || Introduction ==

Sanatana Dharma through various texts and treatises expounded the existence of जीवात्मा ||  [[Jivatma]] (soul) and पुनर्जन्म || [[Punarjanma]] (rebirth or reincarnation) of the soul going through cycles of birth and death according to the person's Karma.  When the Jivatma of an individual leaves the body or [[Upadhi|उपाधिः || Upadhi]] (carnal attibutes) it is called Death. Cycles of birth and death are based on the punyakarma and papakarma of the individual, and it goes on until the soul attains [[moksha]] (salvation).<ref>[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic Encyclopedia] (Page 613 and 614)</ref>  

Sanatana Dharma through various texts and treatises expounded the existence of जीवात्मा ||  [[Jivatma]] (soul) and पुनर्जन्म || [[Punarjanma]] (rebirth or reincarnation) of the soul going through cycles of birth and death according to the person's Karma.  When the Jivatma of an individual leaves the body or [[Upadhi|उपाधिः || Upadhi]] (carnal attibutes) it is called Death. Cycles of birth and death are based on the punyakarma and papakarma of the individual, and it goes on until the soul attains [[moksha]] (salvation).<ref name=":1">[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic Encyclopedia] (Page 613 and 614)</ref>  

This can be explained with reference to the [[छान्दोग्य उपनिषद् |Chandogya Upanishad]] of the [[सामवेद| Sama Veda]] (5-3), where [[Shvetaketu (श्वेतकेतु)|Shvetaketu]], once came to the assembly of Panchalas, whose reigning monarch was Pravahana Jaivali.   

This can be explained with reference to the [[छान्दोग्य उपनिषद् |Chandogya Upanishad]] of the [[सामवेद| Sama Veda]] (5-3), where [[Shvetaketu (श्वेतकेतु)|Shvetaketu]], once came to the assembly of Panchalas, whose reigning monarch was Pravahana Jaivali.   

== [[देवयान मार्ग|देवयान ||]] [[देवयान मार्ग|Devayana]] (Path to the Realm of Brahma) ==

== [[देवयान मार्ग|देवयान ||]] [[देवयान मार्ग|Devayana]] (Path to the Realm of Brahma) ==

The Devayana path also called as Northern path or the path of light is the path by which the student or sadhaka of Brahmavidya goes to Brahman. This path leads to salvation and takes the devotee to Brahmaloka. These sadhakas consider the worship of Brahman above the religious rites and are called Aparavidya upasakas. The student who receives [[Brahmavidya (ब्रह्मविद्या)|ब्रह्मविद्या || Brahmavidya]] with श्रद्धा || shraddha (devotion) while doing तपस् || tapas in the forest follows the following path.   

The Devayana path also called as Northern path or the path of light is the path by which the student or sadhaka of Brahmavidya goes to Brahman. This path leads to salvation and takes the devotee to Brahmaloka. These sadhakas consider the worship of Brahman above the religious rites and are called Aparavidya upasakas<ref name=":1" />. The student who receives [[Brahmavidya (ब्रह्मविद्या)|ब्रह्मविद्या || Brahmavidya]] with श्रद्धा || shraddha (devotion) while doing तपस् || tapas in the forest follows the path as described in Chandogya Upanishad (Adhyaya 5).<ref name=":2">Chandogya Upanishad ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 5])</ref>  

तद्य इत्थं विदुः । ये चेमेऽरण्ये श्रद्धा तप इत्युपासते तेऽर्चिषमभिसम्भवन्त्यर्चिषोऽहरह्न आपूर्यमाणपक्षमापूर्यमाणपक्षाद्यान्षडुदङ्ङेति मासाँस्तान् ॥ १ ॥ (Chan. Upan. 5.10.1)   

तद्य इत्थं विदुः । ये चेमेऽरण्ये श्रद्धा तप इत्युपासते तेऽर्चिषमभिसम्भवन्त्यर्चिषोऽहरह्न आपूर्यमाणपक्षमापूर्यमाणपक्षाद्यान्षडुदङ्ङेति मासाँस्तान् ॥ १ ॥ (Chan. Upan. 5.10.1)   

It can be summarized as follows   

It can be summarized as follows   

Those who know this, and those who meditate upon faith and penance, follows this path   

Those who know this (the philosophy of Panchagnividya), and those who meditate upon faith and penance, follows this path   

* Reaches the अर्चिर्देवाः || archirdeva (the Adityas) or light during उत्क्रमन || Utkramana time or during departing time.   

* Reaches the अर्चिर्देवाः || archirdeva (the Adityas) or light during उत्क्रमन || Utkramana time or during departing time.   

* The ब्रह्मज्ञानी || Brahmajnani continues on his journey through the daytime through the शुक्लपक्ष || shukla paksha (bright half of the lunar month).   

* The ब्रह्मज्ञानी || Brahmajnani continues on his journey through the daytime through the शुक्लपक्ष || shukla paksha (bright half of the lunar month).   

* From there they go higher into the realm when Surya is in the Uttarayayana or Northern hemisphere. From here they go to the realm of the संवत्सर देवताः || samvatsara devata. This realm is the point of separation of the Devayana and Pitrayana paths.   

* From there they go higher into the realm when Surya is in the Uttarayayana or Northern hemisphere. From here they go to the realm of the संवत्सर देवताः || samvatsara devata. This realm is the point of separation of the Devayana and Pitrayana paths.   

* Then through the देवताः || devta he reaches आदित्य || [[aditya]] which is the passage for the soul to liberation and from there to the subtle realm of चन्द्र || chandra (the Moon God).  

* Then through the संवत्सर देवताः || samvatsara devtas he reaches आदित्य || [[aditya]] which is the passage for the soul to liberation and from there to the subtle realm of चन्द्र || chandra (the Moon).  

* From the moon moving further and higher to the उर्जा || urja [[विद्युत्|(energy god)]] the soul is received by the देवदूत || devdoota (Bhagawan’s assistants) who welcome him to परमब्रह्म || parabrahma (the Absolute).   

* From the moon moving further and higher to the उर्जा || urja (energy, lightning) the soul is received by the देवदूत || devdootas (Bhagawan’s assistants, not human) who carries him to परमब्रह्म || parabrahma (the Absolute or Satyaloka).   

This is देवयान मार्ग (the divine Way), the final destination in the [[भूलोक|भूलोक || Bhuloka]] dimension, this is the path of freedom; the path of liberation or Moksha.  

This is देवयान मार्ग (the divine Way), the final destination in the [[भूलोक|भूलोक || Bhuloka]] dimension, is the path of freedom; the path of liberation or Moksha.  

The human body is likened to the Cosmos. The ब्रह्मज्ञानी || Brahmajñāni (the wise one) goes to the higher realm through heart veins which are beyond hundred, unlike the ordinary person who transits through the veins lesser in number.  

The human body is likened to the Cosmos. The ब्रह्मज्ञानी || Brahmajñāni (the wise one) goes to the higher realm through heart veins which are beyond hundred, unlike the ordinary person who transits through the veins lesser in number.<ref name=":3" />

A critical question that arises is how does he perceive through which veins he is passing through? Such discussion is unwarranted as one who has worshiped the Param purusha, is absorbed in the ultimate goal, the wise seeker who through his own education and by God’s grace being illuminated is able to recognize the veins that help him depart to a higher realm.  Such an advanced soul can transit through the path of light and even if such a person dies at night or in दक्षिणायन || Dakshinayana, the jnani will attain ब्रह्मलोक || brahmaLoka (Moksha).<ref>Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.</ref>

A critical question that arises is how does he perceive through which veins he is passing through? Such discussion is unwarranted as one who has worshiped the Param purusha, is absorbed in the ultimate goal, the wise seeker who through his own education and by God’s grace being illuminated is able to recognize the veins that help him depart to a higher realm.  Such an advanced soul can transit through the path of light and even if such a person dies at night or in दक्षिणायन || Dakshinayana, the jnani will attain ब्रह्मलोक || brahmaLoka (Moksha).<ref name=":3">Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.</ref>

== [[पितृयान मार्ग|पितृयान ||]] [[पित्रयना मार्ग|Pitrayana]] (Path to the Realm of Pitrus) ==

== [[पितृयान मार्ग|पितृयान ||]] [[पित्रयना मार्ग|Pitrayana]] (Path to the Realm of Pitrus) ==

People unable to live a spiritual life, cannot live a life of meditation, having no knowledge whatsoever of the higher truths of life,yet have done yet good or punya karmas or deeds in this world, with satvika thoughts, deeds and charities, with danaguna and who are parahitachintaka ॥ onw who thinks of the welfare of others, accumulate the merits of equivalent to that obtained by performing great sacrifices such as yagas — such good people by means of virtue do not go along the path of light. Rather, they go along the Southern Path of return. They embark on another kind of life journey which involves discharging one’s functional responsibilities or dharma and fulfilling material desires with no direction towards acquiring [[Brahmavidya (ब्रह्मविद्या)|ब्रह्मविद्या || Brahmavidya]] and then eventually death. This is called the path of smoke, or ''dhuma-marga, dakshinayana-patha,'' or the Southern movements which is, again, presided over by divinities   

People unable to live a spiritual life, cannot live a life of meditation, having no knowledge whatsoever of the higher truths of life,yet have done good or punya karmas or deeds in this world, with satvika thoughts, deeds and charities, with danaguna and who are parahitachintaka ॥ one who thinks of the welfare of others, accumulate the merits of equivalent to that obtained by performing great sacrifices such as yagas — such good people by means of virtue do not go along the path of light. Rather, they go along the Southern Path of Return.  

* Such dharma sadhaka during उत्क्रमन || Utkramana time are received by the Wind Gods. From there they continue their journey at night time (God of night).  

 

They embark on another kind of life journey which involves discharging one’s functional responsibilities or dharma and fulfilling material desires with no direction towards acquiring [[Brahmavidya (ब्रह्मविद्या)|ब्रह्मविद्या || Brahmavidya]] and then eventually death. This is called the path of smoke, or ''dhuma-marga, dakshinayana-patha,'' or the Southern movements which is, again, presided over by divinities as described in Chandogya Upanishad<ref name=":2" /> 

 

 

 

This path can be summarized as follows    

* Those living in the villages, perform deeds of dharma, works of public utility, such sadhaka during उत्क्रमन || Utkramana time are received by the smoke (vayu devatas). From there they continue their journey at night time.  

* Such a soul moves to the realm of the कृष्णपक्ष || krsnapaksha (dark half of the lunar month) and then onto the southern direction. From here they do not go to the realm of the Samvatsara devatas but move in a different direction.  

* Such a soul moves to the realm of the कृष्णपक्ष || krsnapaksha (dark half of the lunar month) and then onto the southern direction. From here they do not go to the realm of the Samvatsara devatas but move in a different direction.  

* The soul reaches the धुमाभिमनि देवताः || dhumabhimani (wind gods) without seeing the संवत्सर देवताः || samvatsara devata they reach the पितृलोक || pitruloka (realm of the ancestors) instead of the Aditya loka.  

* The soul reaches the धुमाभिमनि देवताः || dhumabhimani (vayu devatas) without seeing the संवत्सर देवताः || samvatsara devata they reach the पितृलोक || pitruloka (realm of the ancestors) instead of the Aditya loka.  

* Then the soul moves to the आकाश || Akasha (Sky) and eventually reach सोम || soma (Moon or the grain of the Gods).

* Then the soul moves to the आकाश || Akasha (Sky) and eventually reach सोम || soma (Moon or the grain of the devatas). Soma is the king, that is the food of the devatas. 

* After their karma is exhausted, these souls come back to पृथ्वीलोक || prutvilok using the same path that they had used to go up, through the Sky, Wind, Smoke, Cloud, Rain. Determined by one’s कर्म || karma, the soul is reborn embodied through  औषध ||  (medicinal herbs, varieties of roots) वृक्ष || vriksha (tree) form अन्न || anna (rice, wheat) which when consumed by man forms the पुरुषबीज || Purushabeeja (Semen) and then through स्त्रीगर्भ || Streegarbha (Womb of a woman) takes rebirth on the earth.

 

* They dwell there (in the realm of Moon) till their karma is exhausted and these souls come back to पृथ्वीलोक || prutvilok using the same path that they had used to go up, through the Akasa, Vayu, Smoke, Cloud, Rain.  

 

* Determined by one’s कर्म || karma, the soul is reborn embodied through  औषध ||  (medicinal herbs, varieties of roots) वृक्ष || vriksha (tree) form अन्न || anna (rice, barley, wheat, sesamum) which when consumed by man forms the पुरुषबीज || Purushabeeja (Semen) and then through स्त्रीगर्भ || Streegarbha (Womb of a woman) takes rebirth on the earth.  

* The Jivatma or soul coming back from the moon evolves from a plant to man in the following order:   

* The Jivatma or soul coming back from the moon evolves from a plant to man in the following order:   

** '''Sky, Wind, Smoke, Cloud, Rain, Plants (medicinal herbs, trees), Food, Purushabeeja, Streegarbha, Man'''  

** '''Akasha, Vayu, Smoke, Cloud, Rain, Plants (medicinal herbs, trees), Food, Purushabeeja, Streegarbha, Man'''  

By the power of धर्म || dharma, कर्म || karma (दैव || daiva) and through these grains, souls accept the wombs according to a definite principle and may be born either as a ब्राह्मण || brahmana, क्षत्रिय || kshatriya or वैश्य || vaisya. Such pious people are called as रमनिया चरना || ramaniya charana.  

<blockquote>तद्य इह रमणीयचरणा अभ्याशो ह यत्ते रमणीयां योनिमापद्येरन्ब्राह्मणयोनिं वा क्षत्रिययोनिं वा वैश्ययोनिं वाथ य इह कपूयचरणा अभ्याशो ह यत्ते कपूयां योनिमापद्येरन् श्वयोनिं वा सूकरयोनिं वा चण्डालयोनिं वा ॥७॥ (Chan. Upan. 5.10.7)</blockquote>By the power of धर्म || dharma, कर्म || karma (दैव || daiva) and good conduct, through these grains, souls accept the wombs according to a definite principle and may be born either as a ब्राह्मण || brahmana, क्षत्रिय || kshatriya or वैश्य || vaisya. Such pious people are called as रमनिया चरना || ramaniya charana.  

 

The jivatma of one who does not follow the injunctions of sastras are involved in "paapopasana" leading a wayward life,they do not attain the higher realms and do not traverse either of these paths, the देवयान and पितृयान.  Such souls are reborn time and again in the lower species of life owing to their great sins attaining a place called Triteeya.  Therefore पितृलोक || pitri loka is not filled all the time.   

If however their accumulated sin during the human birth is high, then they could become  dog, pig or a चान्डाल || chandala (outcaste).  Thus those souls who are attached to worldly pleasures but do not do things prohibited by Vedas attain Pitruloka.  After enjoying all the accrued punya there, they return back to earth through the Pitruyana marg.  <blockquote>अथैतयोः पथोर्न कतरेण च न तानीमानि क्षुद्राण्यसकृदावर्तीनि भूतानि भवन्ति जायस्व म्रियस्वेत्येतत्तृतीयँस्थानं तेनासौ लोको न सम्पूर्यते तस्माज्जुगुप्सेत तदेष श्लोकः ॥ ८ ॥ (Chan. Upan. 5.10.8)</blockquote>The jivatma of one who does not follow the injunctions of sastras are involved in "paapopasana" leading a wayward life,they do not attain the higher realms and do not traverse either of these paths, the देवयान and पितृयान.  Such souls are reborn time and again in the lower species of life owing to their great sins attaining a place called Triteeya.  Therefore पितृलोक || pitri loka is not filled all the time.   

== As in Brahmasutras ==

== As in Brahmasutras ==