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<blockquote>तत्त्वष्टाहवनीयमुप प्रावर्तयत्स्वाहेन्द्रशत्रुर्वर्धस्वेति यदवर्तयत्तद्वृत्रस्य वृत्रत्वं यदब्रवीत्स्वाहेन्द्रशत्रुर्वर्धस्वेति तस्मादस्येन्द्रः शत्रुरभवत् | (Tait. Samh. 2.5.2)<ref name=":1">Taittriya [http://parankusa.org/KrYajurBrowse.aspx Samhita] </ref></blockquote><blockquote>tattvaṣṭāhavanīyamupa prāvartayatsvāhendraśatrurvardhasveti yadavartayattadvṛtrasya vṛtratvaṃ yadabravītsvāhendraśatrurvardhasveti tasmādasyendraḥ śatrurabhavat | (Tait. Samh. 2.5.2)<ref name=":1">Taittriya [http://parankusa.org/KrYajurBrowse.aspx Samhita] </ref></blockquote><blockquote>त्वष्टा॥ Tvasta angered by Indra's killing of his son विश्वरूपः  || Vishwaroopa, initiates an अभिचारिक-यागः  || abhicharika yaga (a [[yaga]] performed to cause harm to an intended person) to procure a son to kill Indra. The ऋत्विज्  || rtvijas were to utter the mantra "इन्द्रशत्रुर्वर्धस्व" with अन्त-उदात्तः ॥ Anta-Udatta or Udatta svara in the end of the mantra (to mean, Prosper Oh ! Enemy of Indra). Instead, they used the आद्य-उदात्तः ॥ Adya Udatta svara in the beginning of the mantra (meaning, Oh! Indra, one who has enemies, Prosper).So, instead of asking for the rise and prosperity of a son to take revenge on Indra, the Rtvijas asked for the prosperity and glory of Indra who destroyed असुर  || Asuras. Thus, वृत्रासुर  '''||''' Vrttrasura, the son of Tvasta was born, an enemy of Indra, but eventually Indra was rewarded with glory in killing Vrttrasura.</blockquote>Shiksha literature is very widely available based on the different शाखा || shakhas (divisions) of different vedas. They are पाणिनीयशिक्षा || Panineeya Shiksha, व्यासशिक्षा || Vyasashiksha, भारद्वाजशिक्षा || Bharadvaja shiksha, याज्ञवलक्यशिक्षा || Yajnavalkya Shiksha, पराशरशिक्षा || Parashara shiksha, वासिष्टीशिक्षा || Vasishtee shiksha, कात्यायनीशिक्षा || Katyayanee shiksha, माध्यन्दिनीशिक्षा || Madhyandinee shiksha, केशवीशिक्षा || Keshavee shiksha, अमोघानन्दिनीशिक्षा || Amoghanandinee shiksha, माण्डव्यशिक्षा || Mandavya shiksha, मल्लशर्मशिक्षा || Mallasharma shiksha, स्वराकुशशिक्षा || Svarakusha shiksha, षोडशशिक्षा || Shodasha shiksha, नारदीयशिक्षा || Naradeeya shiksha, माण्डुकीयशिक्षा || Mandukeeya shiksha, स्वरभक्तिलक्षणशिक्षा || Svarabhaktilakshana,  अवसाननिर्णयशिक्षा || Avasananirnaya shiksha, वर्णरत्नप्रदीपिका शिक्षा || Varnaratna pradeepika shiksha among many others.

<blockquote>तत्त्वष्टाहवनीयमुप प्रावर्तयत्स्वाहेन्द्रशत्रुर्वर्धस्वेति यदवर्तयत्तद्वृत्रस्य वृत्रत्वं यदब्रवीत्स्वाहेन्द्रशत्रुर्वर्धस्वेति तस्मादस्येन्द्रः शत्रुरभवत् | (Tait. Samh. 2.5.2)<ref name=":1">Taittriya [http://parankusa.org/KrYajurBrowse.aspx Samhita] </ref></blockquote><blockquote>tattvaṣṭāhavanīyamupa prāvartayatsvāhendraśatrurvardhasveti yadavartayattadvṛtrasya vṛtratvaṃ yadabravītsvāhendraśatrurvardhasveti tasmādasyendraḥ śatrurabhavat | (Tait. Samh. 2.5.2)<ref name=":1">Taittriya [http://parankusa.org/KrYajurBrowse.aspx Samhita] </ref></blockquote><blockquote>त्वष्टा॥ Tvasta angered by Indra's killing of his son विश्वरूपः  || Vishwaroopa, initiates an अभिचारिक-यागः  || abhicharika yaga (a [[yaga]] performed to cause harm to an intended person) to procure a son to kill Indra. The ऋत्विज्  || rtvijas were to utter the mantra "इन्द्रशत्रुर्वर्धस्व" with अन्त-उदात्तः ॥ Anta-Udatta or Udatta svara in the end of the mantra (to mean, Prosper Oh ! Enemy of Indra). Instead, they used the आद्य-उदात्तः ॥ Adya Udatta svara in the beginning of the mantra (meaning, Oh! Indra, one who has enemies, Prosper).So, instead of asking for the rise and prosperity of a son to take revenge on Indra, the Rtvijas asked for the prosperity and glory of Indra who destroyed असुर  || Asuras. Thus, वृत्रासुर  '''||''' Vrttrasura, the son of Tvasta was born, an enemy of Indra, but eventually Indra was rewarded with glory in killing Vrttrasura.</blockquote>Shiksha literature is very widely available based on the different शाखा || shakhas (divisions) of different vedas. They are पाणिनीयशिक्षा || Panineeya Shiksha, व्यासशिक्षा || Vyasashiksha, भारद्वाजशिक्षा || Bharadvaja shiksha, याज्ञवलक्यशिक्षा || Yajnavalkya Shiksha, पराशरशिक्षा || Parashara shiksha, वासिष्टीशिक्षा || Vasishtee shiksha, कात्यायनीशिक्षा || Katyayanee shiksha, माध्यन्दिनीशिक्षा || Madhyandinee shiksha, केशवीशिक्षा || Keshavee shiksha, अमोघानन्दिनीशिक्षा || Amoghanandinee shiksha, माण्डव्यशिक्षा || Mandavya shiksha, मल्लशर्मशिक्षा || Mallasharma shiksha, स्वराकुशशिक्षा || Svarakusha shiksha, षोडशशिक्षा || Shodasha shiksha, नारदीयशिक्षा || Naradeeya shiksha, माण्डुकीयशिक्षा || Mandukeeya shiksha, स्वरभक्तिलक्षणशिक्षा || Svarabhaktilakshana,  अवसाननिर्णयशिक्षा || Avasananirnaya shiksha, वर्णरत्नप्रदीपिका शिक्षा || Varnaratna pradeepika shiksha among many others.

=== कल्पः ॥ Kalpa ===

=== कल्पः ॥ Kalpa ===

* [[Manu Smriti|Manusmriti]] (3.147)<ref>Manusmriti [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 (3.147)]</ref> defines Kalpa as एष वै प्रथमः कल्पः प्रदाने हव्यकव्ययोः । eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ pradāne havyakavyayoḥ । 

* एष वै प्रथमः कल्पः प्रदाने हव्यकव्ययोः । eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ pradāne havyakavyayoḥ । [[Manu Smriti|Manusmriti]] (3.147)<ref>Manusmriti [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 (3.147)]</ref> defines Kalpa as विधिः । Vidhi to follow in the offering of हव्यकव्याः ॥ havyakavyas (yajna vidhis).  

as विधिः । Vidhi to follow in the offering of हव्यकव्याः ॥ havyakavyas (yajna vidhis).

 

* कल्प्यते विधीयते | kalpyate vidhīyate | (Shabdakalpadruma) defines kalpa as vidhis (for yajnas)   

* कल्प्यते विधीयते | kalpyate vidhīyate | (Shabdakalpadruma) defines kalpa as vidhis (for yajnas)   

* वैदिकविधानज्ञापकेशास्त्रभेदे स चाश्वलायनापस्तम्बबौधायनकात्यायनादि-सूत्रात्मकः। vaidikavidhānajñāpakeśāstrabhede sa cāśvalāyanāpastambabaudhāyanakātyāyanādi-sūtrātmakaḥ  | (Vachaspatyam)<ref>Vachaspatyam [https://sa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA#%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Link for Kalpa Definition]</ref> Kalpa is defined as the (set of) sutras defining the vaidika vidhanas (vedic rituals) as given by Ashvalayana, Apastamba, Baudhayana, Katyayana among others.   

* वैदिकविधानज्ञापकेशास्त्रभेदे स चाश्वलायनापस्तम्बबौधायनकात्यायनादि-सूत्रात्मकः। vaidikavidhānajñāpakeśāstrabhede sa cāśvalāyanāpastambabaudhāyanakātyāyanādi-sūtrātmakaḥ  | (Vachaspatyam)<ref>Vachaspatyam [https://sa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA#%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Link for Kalpa Definition]</ref> Kalpa is defined as the (set of) sutras defining the vaidika vidhanas (vedic rituals) as given by Ashvalayana, Apastamba, Baudhayana, Katyayana among others.   

The origin of कल्पः ॥ Kalpa was for the organization of all the extensive rituals described in Vedas (वैदिककर्मकाण्डः || Vaidika Karmakanda).   

* The origin of कल्पः ॥ Kalpa was for the organization of all the extensive rituals described in Vedas (वैदिककर्मकाण्डः || Vaidika Karmakanda).   

As given by Vishnumitra,   <blockquote>कल्पो वेदविहितानां कर्मणामानुपूर्व्येण कल्पनाशास्त्रम् | kalpo vedavihitānāṃ karmaṇāmānupūrvyeṇa kalpanāśāstram |</blockquote>Kalpa shastra is a guideline for all the actions laid down in Veda (such as yajnas and yagas).

* As given by Vishnumitra, कल्पो वेदविहितानां कर्मणामानुपूर्व्येण कल्पनाशास्त्रम् | kalpo vedavihitānāṃ karmaṇāmānupūrvyeṇa kalpanāśāstram |  

ie. Kalpa shastra is a guideline for all the actions laid down in Veda (such as yajnas and yagas).

There are 4 types of Kalpa sutras

There are 4 types of Kalpa sutras

==== '''धर्मसूत्राणि ||''' '''Dharma Sutras''' ====

==== '''धर्मसूत्राणि ||''' '''Dharma Sutras''' ====

धर्मसूत्राणि || Dharma Sutras expound the rules of Dharma and the actions (activities) to be performed by a person in general as well as the king or the ruler. A complete set of rules to be followed by the different people of different occupations and for those in the four आश्रमाः || ashramaas (ब्रह्मचार्यः || brahmacharya, गृहस्थः || grhastha, वानप्रस्थः || vanaprastha and सन्यासः || sanyasa) are described in these sutras. Thus it can be said that the topics related to the spiritual world, this material world, society and social activities, and all righteous activities are described in a holistic manner. Available important Dharma sutras include वासिष्टः || Vasishta, गौतमः || Gautama, बौधायनः || Baudhayana, आपस्तम्बः || Apastamba, मानवः || Manava Dharma sutras.

धर्मसूत्राणि || Dharma Sutras expound the rules of Dharma and the actions (activities) to be performed by a person in general as well as the king or the ruler. A complete set of rules to be followed by the different people of different occupations and for those in the four आश्रमाः || ashramas (ब्रह्मचार्यः || brahmacharya, गृहस्थः || grhastha, वानप्रस्थः || vanaprastha and सन्यासः || sanyasa) are described in these sutras. Thus it can be said that the topics related to the spiritual world, this material world, society and social activities, and all righteous activities are described in a holistic manner. Available important Dharma sutras include वासिष्ठः || Vasishta, गौतमः || Gautama, बौधायनः || Baudhayana, आपस्तम्बः || Apastamba, मानवः || Manava Dharma sutras.

==== '''गृह्यसूत्राणि ||''' '''Grhya Sutras''' ====

==== '''गृह्यसूत्राणि ||''' '''Grhya Sutras''' ====

गृह्यसूत्राणि || Grhya Sutras extensively discuss the यज्ञाः || yajnas to be performed by the ब्राह्मणाः || brahmana, क्षत्रियाः || kshatriya and वैश्याः || vaishya people. Most importantly, the षोडशसंस्काराः || Shodasa samskaras (from गर्भाधानम् || Garbhadhana to अन्त्येष्टिः || Antyeshti) that are performed for a person from birth till death are expounded vividly in these sutras. Thus, how a ग्र्हस्थः || grhasta should lead his life and the procedure in which he has to conduct different dharmic activities are completely described here. The seven kinds of गृह्ययज्ञाः || Grhya yajnas to be performed are:

गृह्यसूत्राणि || Grhya Sutras extensively discuss the यज्ञाः || yajnas to be performed by the ब्राह्मणाः || brahmana, क्षत्रियाः || kshatriya and वैश्याः || vaishya people. Most importantly, the षोडशसंस्काराः || Shodasa samskaras (from गर्भाधानम् || Garbhadhana to अन्त्येष्टिः || Antyeshti) that are performed for a person from birth till death are expounded vividly in these sutras. Thus, how a ग्र्हस्थः || grhasta should lead his life and the procedure in which he has to conduct different dharmic activities are completely described here. The seven kinds of गृह्ययज्ञाः || Grhya yajnas to be performed are:

# पितृयज्ञः || Pitru Yajna

# पितृयज्ञः || Pitru Yajna

# पार्वणयज्ञः || Parvana Yajna

# पार्वणयज्ञः || Parvana Yajna

# चैत्रॆययज्ञः || Chaitreya Yajna

# चैत्रॆययज्ञः || Chaitreya Yajna

Apart from these seven, there are [[Panchamahayagna (पञ्चमहायज्ञ)|पञ्चयज्ञाः || Panchayajnas]] (five Yajnas) namely

Apart from these seven, there are [[Panchamahayagna (पञ्चमहायज्ञ)|पञ्चयज्ञाः || Panchayajnas]] (five Yajnas) namely

# देवयज्ञः || Deva,

# देवयज्ञः || Deva yajna

# भूतयज्ञः  || Bhuta,

# भूतयज्ञः  || Bhuta yajna

# पितृयज्ञः  || Pitru,

# पितृयज्ञः  || Pitru yajna

# ब्रह्मयज्ञः  || Brahma  

# ब्रह्मयज्ञः  || Brahma yajna

# मनुष्ययज्ञः  || Manushya yajnas.

# मनुष्ययज्ञः  || Manushya yajnas.

Available important Grhya sutras include आश्वलायनः || Ashvalayana , शाङ्खायनः || Shankhayana , मानवः || Manava , बौधायनः || Baudhayana, आपस्तम्बः || Aapastamba Grhya sutras.

Available important Grhya sutras include आश्वलायनः || Ashvalayana , शाङ्खायनः || Shankhayana , मानवः || Manava , बौधायनः || Baudhayana, आपस्तम्बः || Apastamba Grhya sutras.

==== शुल्ब'''सूत्राणि ||''' '''Shulba Sutras''' ====

==== शुल्ब'''सूत्राणि ||''' '''Shulba Sutras''' ====

शुल्बसूत्राणि || Shulba Sutras explain the different systems of measurements. Aspects of measurements of various वेदिनिर्माणविधिः || vedinirmanavidhi (altars and the procedure to construct them) Example, होमशाला || homa shala, यज्ञशाला || yajnashala are discussed. Thus, वैदिककर्मकाण्ड || Vaidika Karmakanda is the topic for Shulbasutras, wherein geometry or the रेखागनितम् || Rekhaganita is applied. Only those Shulbasutras associated with यजुर्वेदः || Yajurveda are available extensively indicating that Yajurveda is the main base for karmakanda. कात्यायनः || Katyayana,  मानवः || Manava , बौधायनः || Baudhayana, आपस्तम्बः || Apastamba, मैत्रेयी || Maitreyi, वाराहः || Varaha, वाधूलः || Vadhula shulba sutras are the important ones in this category.

शुल्बसूत्राणि || Shulba Sutras explain the different systems of measurements. Aspects of measurements of various वेदिनिर्माणविधिः || vedinirmanavidhi (altars and the procedure to construct them) Example, होमशाला || homa shala, यज्ञशाला || yajnashala are discussed. Thus, वैदिककर्मकाण्ड || Vaidika Karmakanda is the topic for Shulbasutras, wherein geometry or the रेखागणितम् || Rekhaganita is applied. Only those Shulbasutras associated with यजुर्वेदः || Yajurveda are available extensively indicating that Yajurveda is the main base for karmakanda. कात्यायनः || Katyayana,  मानवः || Manava , बौधायनः || Baudhayana, आपस्तम्बः || Apastamba, मैत्रेयी || Maitreyi, वाराहः || Varaha, वाधूलः || Vadhula shulba sutras are the important ones in this category.

=== व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana ===

=== व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana ===

Vyakaranam is described as the वेद पुरुष || Veda purusha's face.   

Vyakaranam is described as the वेद पुरुष || Veda purusha's face.