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== जीवात्मन् ॥ Individual Self ==

== जीवात्मन् ॥ Individual Self ==

The Taittiriya Upanishad states that from the Atman came into existence ether possessing the quality of sound. From ether came air, possessing the qualities of sound and touch. Then came into being fire with the qualities of sound, touch and colour. From fire, water having the qualities of sound touch, colour and taste came into being. And from water came into existence earth with the qualities of sound, touch, colour, taste and smell. Then vegetation grew from earth. From vegetation came food and from food, Purusa came into existence.<ref name=":6" /> <blockquote>तस्माद्वा एतस्मादात्मन आकाशः संभूतः । आकाशाद्वायुः । वायोरग्निः । अग्नेरापः । अद्भ्यः पृथिवी । पृथिव्या ओषधयः । ओषधीभ्योऽन्नम् । अन्नात्पुरुषः । स वा एष पुरुषोऽन्नरसमयः ।...॥ १ ॥<ref name=":5" />  

The Taittiriya Upanishad states that from the [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]] came into existence ether possessing the quality of sound. From ether came air, possessing the qualities of sound and touch. Then came into being fire with the qualities of sound, touch and colour. From fire, water having the qualities of sound touch, colour and taste came into being. And from water came into existence earth with the qualities of sound, touch, colour, taste and smell. Then vegetation grew from earth. From vegetation came food and from food, [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|Purusha]] came into existence.<ref name=":6">Vettam Mani (1975), Puranic Encyclopaedia, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. [https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/358/mode/2up?view=theater See: Jivatman]</ref> <blockquote>तस्माद्वा एतस्मादात्मन आकाशः संभूतः । आकाशाद्वायुः । वायोरग्निः । अग्नेरापः । अद्भ्यः पृथिवी । पृथिव्या ओषधयः । ओषधीभ्योऽन्नम् । अन्नात्पुरुषः । स वा एष पुरुषोऽन्नरसमयः ।...॥ १ ॥<ref name=":5" /> tasmādvā etasmādātmana ākāśaḥ saṁbhūtaḥ । ākāśādvāyuḥ । vāyoragniḥ । agnerāpaḥ । adbhyaḥ pr̥thivī । pr̥thivyā oṣadhayaḥ । oṣadhībhyo'nnam । annātpuruṣaḥ । sa vā eṣa puruṣo'nnarasamayaḥ ।...॥ 1 ॥ </blockquote>Parabrahman is the Supreme being while aparabrahman is next to the Supreme being. The minute and subtle form of Aparabrahman is called the Jivatman that dwells in the materialized form of aparabrahman ie. [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|the body]]. So, the body which is made of the five elements is the dwelling place of the Jivatman. It sits in the miniature lotus of heart in the miniature ether. The Jivatman or individual Self exists in every living being. The body originated from food is the outer covering of the Jivatman. This materialized body is also called 'Annamayakosha'. Inside this annamayakosha there is the Pranamayakosha (the chest of the life breaths). It is stated in the Taittiriya Upanishad that this Pranamayakosha is separate from and existing inside the annamayakosha. It has the shape of a man. The life breath which appears as the inhaling and exhaling breath is the head of the Pranamayakosha. The life breath Vyana is its right wing, Apana is the left wing, ether its atman and Prthvi (the earth) its tail.<ref name=":6" /><blockquote>तस्मादन्नं तदुच्यत इति । ... अन्योऽन्तर आत्मा प्राणमयः । ... स वा एष पुरुषविध एव । तस्य पुरुषविधताम् । अन्वयं पुरुषविधः । तस्य प्राण एव शिरः । व्यानो दक्षिणः पक्षः । अपान उत्तरः पक्षः । आकाश आत्मा । पृथिवी पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा । ... ॥ १ ॥<ref>Taittiriya Upanishad, Brahmananda Valli, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80#%E0%A5%A5_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8A%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A5 Anuvaka 2].</ref>tasmādannaṁ taducyata iti । ... anyo'ntara ātmā prāṇamayaḥ । ... sa vā eṣa puruṣavidha eva । tasya puruṣavidhatām । anvayaṁ puruṣavidhaḥ । tasya prāṇa eva śiraḥ । vyāno dakṣiṇaḥ pakṣaḥ । apāna uttaraḥ pakṣaḥ । ākāśa ātmā । pr̥thivī pucchaṁ pratiṣṭhā । ... ॥ 1 ॥</blockquote>Inside the Pranamayakosha, there exists the Manomayakosha (the chest of [[Manas (मनः)|mind]]) that fills the entire interior of the Pranamayakosha. And inside the Manomayakosha exists the Vijnanamayakosha (the chest of knowledge or understanding) inside which the jivatman or individual Self dwells and pervades the entire body. It is by the activity of the Vijnanamayakosha that the jivatman feels its individuality. And inside the Vijnanamayakosha exists a fifth kosha known as the Anandamayakosha, which is the immediate covering of the jivatman, and which has no sense of individuality. These three Koshas viz. Anandamayakosha, Vijnanamayakosha and Pranamayakosha together is called Sukshmasharira (the subtle body).

tasmādvā etasmādātmana ākāśaḥ saṁbhūtaḥ । ākāśādvāyuḥ । vāyoragniḥ । agnerāpaḥ । adbhyaḥ pr̥thivī । pr̥thivyā oṣadhayaḥ । oṣadhībhyo'nnam । annātpuruṣaḥ । sa vā eṣa puruṣo'nnarasamayaḥ ।...॥ 1 ॥ </blockquote>Parabrahman is the Supreme being while aparabrahman is next to the Supreme being. The minute and subtle form of Aparabrahman is called the Jivatman that dwells in the materialized form of aparabrahman ie. the body. So, the body which is made of the five elements is the dwelling place of the Jivatman. It sits in the miniature lotus of heart in the miniature ether.  

The heart is the abode of the jivatman making the name hrdayam for heart meaningful (hrdi ayam ie. in the heart this being exists). And according to the Kathopanishad, the purusha sitting inside the heart or the jivatman is only as big as the toe.<ref name=":6" /><blockquote>अङ्गुष्ठमात्रः पुरुषो मध्य आत्मनि तिष्ठति ।...॥ १२ ॥<ref>Kathopanishad, Adhyaya 2, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80 Prathama Valli].</ref> aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ puruṣo madhya ātmani tiṣṭhati ।...॥ 12 ॥</blockquote>However, the Jivatman or the Aparabrahman is without beginning. Even from the past which is beyond our thinking, crores and crores of Jivatmans had got into individuals and when the Annamayakoshas of the individuals decayed due to death, they abandoned them and entered into new individuals.  

The Jivatman or individual Self exists in every living being. The body originated from food is the outer covering of the Jivatman. This materialized body is also called 'Annamayakosha'. Inside this annamayakosha there is the Pranamayakosha (the chest of the life breaths). It is stated in the Taittiriya Upanishad that this Pranamayakosha is separate from and existing inside the annamayakosha. It has the shape of man. The life breath which appears as the inhaling and exhaling breath is the head of the Pranamayakosha. The life breath Vyana is its right wing, Apana is the left wing, ether its atman and Prthvi (the earth) its tail.<ref name=":6" /><blockquote>तस्मादन्नं तदुच्यत इति । ... अन्योऽन्तर आत्मा प्राणमयः । ... स वा एष पुरुषविध एव । तस्य पुरुषविधताम् । अन्वयं पुरुषविधः । तस्य प्राण एव शिरः । व्यानो दक्षिणः पक्षः । अपान उत्तरः पक्षः । आकाश आत्मा । पृथिवी पुच्छं प्रतिष्ठा । ... ॥ १ ॥<ref>Taittiriya Upanishad, Brahmananda Valli, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80#%E0%A5%A5_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8A%E0%A4%BD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A5 Anuvaka 2].</ref>

The author of the [[Brhadaranyaka Upanishad (बृहदारण्यकोपनिषद्)|Brhadaranyaka Upanishad]] gives an explanation to the question 'why this Jivatman which is as free as air enters the body of man, beast, bird, tree, rock etc. and subjects itself to misery and hardship'. It says,

"Where does the Jivatman originate from? how does it enter this body?" Jivatman originates from Paramatman. As the shadow pervades the body of a man, this Jivatman overshadows this body."<ref name=":6" />

== References ==

== References ==

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[[Category:Vedas]]

[[Category:Vedas]]

[[Category:Rigveda]]

[[Category:Rigveda]]