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Vedic literature includes extensive volumes of texts which can be classified as the Auxiliary and Subsidiary Texts of the Vedas.  To clarify the Vedas and in understanding them, over a period of time, different explanatory shastras have evolved to explain the subtle concepts presented in Vedas and they are grouped under Veda vaangmayam.

Vedic literature includes extensive volumes of texts which can be classified as the Auxiliary and Subsidiary Texts of the Vedas.  To clarify the Vedas and in understanding them, over a period of time, different explanatory shastras have evolved to explain the subtle concepts presented in Vedas and they are grouped under Veda vaangmayam.

==  परिचय || Introduction ==

==  परिचय || Introduction ==

Understanding vedic literature itself developed into many branches covering different aspects of the subject.  While some have developed independently (such as Jyotisha to explain muhurtas in vedic rituals, Ayurveda the science of all round health) others summarize (such as Kalpa which is a manual of material from different vedas) and a few others are simplified (like the Puranas in story format) for easy understanding (including the Mahabharata). They are sub classified as       

Understanding vedic literature itself developed into many branches covering different aspects of the subject.  While some have developed independently (such as Jyotisha to explain muhurtas in vedic rituals, Ayurveda the science of all round health) others summarize (such as Kalpa which is a manual of material from different vedas) and a few others are simplified (like the Puranas in story format) for easy understanding (including the Mahabharata). They are sub classified as       

# उपपुराणम् || Upa-Puranas

# उपपुराणम् || Upa-Puranas

All these along with the other Parishistas make up a huge volume of literature which we collectively call as vaidika vaangmayam.  

All these along with the other Parishistas make up a huge volume of literature which we collectively call as vaidika vaangmayam.  

== वेदाङ्गम् || Vedaangas ==

== वेदाङ्गम् || Vedaangas ==

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of "उपकारकः ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool)", and with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedaangas. <blockquote>"शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । "ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदंगानि षडेव तु  ॥"</blockquote>According to the above sloka Vedaangas are six in number namely Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Niruktam, Chandas, Jyotisha.  

The word अङ्ग ॥ Anga is used in the sense of "उपकारकः ॥ Upakaraka (useful tool)", and with reference to understanding vedajnana or the knowledge of vedas, these six shastras are extremely useful, hence they are called Vedaangas. <blockquote>"शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । "ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदंगानि षडेव तु  ॥"</blockquote>According to the above sloka Vedaangas are six in number namely Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakarana, Niruktam, Chandas, Jyotisha.  

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

! Title

! Title

|<nowiki>6.कल्प || Kalpa</nowiki>

|<nowiki>6.कल्प || Kalpa</nowiki>

| Science or manual of sacrificial rituals, both Vedic and domestic.

| Science or manual of sacrificial rituals, both Vedic and domestic.

|}

|}<blockquote>"छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥"</blockquote><blockquote>"शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम्  । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते  ॥"</blockquote>In Paninineeyasiksha these six vedaangas are divided as given in the above sloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of  the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotisha are the eyes, Nirukta forms the ears, Siksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakaranam.  Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".

<blockquote>"छन्दः पादौ तु वेदस्य हस्तौ कल्पोऽथ उच्यते । ज्योतिषामयनं चक्षुर्निरुक्तं श्रोत्रमुच्यते ॥"</blockquote><blockquote>"शिक्षा घ्राणं तु वेदस्य मुखं व्याकरणं स्मृतम्  । तस्मात् साङ्गमधीत्यैव ब्रह्मलोके महीयते  ॥"</blockquote>In Paninineeyasiksha these six vedaangas are divided as given in the above sloka which means - "Chandas forms the feet of  the Vedapurusha, while Kalpas are the hands, Jyotisha are the eyes, Nirukta forms the ears, Siksha is the nose, while the face (speech) is formed by Vyakaranam.  Only by studying vedas (Vedapurusha) along with vedangas (different parts) will one attain the brahmaloka".

 

== वेद उपाङ्गम् || Veda-Upaangas ==

== वेद उपाङ्गम् || Veda-Upaangas ==

<blockquote>"कणादेन तु संप्रक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥"</blockquote>Meaning : The great Vaiseshika shastra has been given by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was elucidated by Goutama rushi, and Saankhya shastra was by Kapila rushi.

<blockquote>"कणादेन तु संप्रक्तं शास्त्रं वैशेषिकं महत् । गौतमेन तथा न्यायं सांख्यं तु कपिलेन वै ॥"</blockquote>Meaning : The great Vaiseshika shastra has been given by Kanada, while the Nyaya shastra was elucidated by Goutama rushi, and Saankhya shastra was by Kapila rushi.

{| class="wikitable"| colspan="6" |                                                       '''VEDA UPANGAS'''

{| class="wikitable"| colspan="6" |                                                       '''VEDA UPANGAS'''

|-

|-

| colspan="6" | '''Shad Darshana Or Six  Systems Of Hindu Philosophy'''

! colspan="6" | '''Shad Darshana Or Six  Systems Of Hindu Philosophy'''

|-

|-

|<nowiki> न्याय || Nyaya</nowiki>

|<nowiki> न्याय || Nyaya</nowiki>

| [[Vaisheshika|वैसेषिक || Vaiseshika]]

| [[Vaisheshika|वैसेषिक || Vaiseshika]]

| [[Samkhya|साङ्ख्य || Sankhya]]

| [[Samkhya|साङ्ख्य || Samkhya]]

|<nowiki> योग || Yoga</nowiki>

|<nowiki> योग || Yoga</nowiki>

|<nowiki> पूर्व मिमांसा || Poorva Mimamsa</nowiki>

|<nowiki> पूर्व मिमांसा || Poorva Mimamsa</nowiki>

|<nowiki>उत्तर मिमांसा || Uttara Mimamsa or वेदान्त || Vedanta. </nowiki>

|<nowiki>उत्तर मिमांसा || Uttara Mimamsa or वेदान्त || Vedanta. </nowiki>

|}

|}

== उपवेदम् || Upavedas  ==

== उपवेदम् || Upavedas  ==

* They are called the subsidiary Vedas. They are four in number one attached to each Veda viz.

* They are called the subsidiary Vedas. They are four in number one attached to each Veda viz.

! Title

! Title

! Subject Dealt with

! Subject Dealt with

! Veda to which attached

! Associated with

|-

|-

|<nowiki> आयुर्वेदः || Ayurveda</nowiki>

|<nowiki> आयुर्वेदः || Ayurveda</nowiki>

| Science of archery and warfare

| Science of archery and warfare

| Yajurveda.

| Yajurveda.

|}

|}Vedas are thus a storehouse of knowledge needed for mankind, not merely spiritual but also secular or temporal. They are not compositions made in any one particular period. They are spread over a period of time; one group separated from the other probably by centuries and handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth.

Vedas are thus a storehouse of knowledge needed for mankind, not merely spiritual but also secular or temporal. They are not compositions made in any one particular period. They are spread over a period of time; one group separated from the other probably by centuries and handed down from one generation to the other through word of mouth.

Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of Hindu philosophy. The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, gave rise to the Dharma-sutras, which later expanded into Dharma-shastras.

Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of Hindu philosophy. The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, gave rise to the Dharma-sutras, which later expanded into Dharma-shastras.

== परिशिष्टम् || Parisista ==

== परिशिष्टम् || Parisista ==

Pariśiṣṭa "supplement, appendix" is the term applied to various ancillary works of Vedic literature, dealing mainly with details of ritual and elaborations of the texts logically and chronologically prior to them are the Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Sutras. Naturally classified with the Veda to which each pertains, Parisista works exist for each of the four Vedas. However, only the literature associated with the Atharvaveda is extensive.

Pariśiṣṭa "supplement, appendix" is the term applied to various ancillary works of Vedic literature, dealing mainly with details of ritual and elaborations of the texts logically and chronologically prior to them are the Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Sutras. Naturally classified with the Veda to which each pertains, Parisista works exist for each of the four Vedas. However, only the literature associated with the Atharvaveda is extensive.

The Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda has 3 parisistas The Āpastamba Hautra Pariśiṣṭa, which is also found as the second praśna of the Satyasāḍha Śrauta Sūtra', and the Vārāha Śrauta Sūtra Pariśiṣṭa

The Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda has 3 parisistas The Āpastamba Hautra Pariśiṣṭa, which is also found as the second praśna of the Satyasāḍha Śrauta Sūtra', and the Vārāha Śrauta Sūtra Pariśiṣṭa

== पञ्चमवेदः || Panchamavedam  ==

== पञ्चमवेदः || Panchamavedam  ==

भारतः पञ्चमवेदः || Bharatah Panchamavedaha - As given in Mahabharata expounds that Mahabharatam which covers numerous topics related to human relationships is considered as the "Fifth Veda".   

भारतः पञ्चमवेदः || Bharatah Panchamavedaha - As given in Mahabharata expounds that Mahabharatam which covers numerous topics related to human relationships is considered as the "Fifth Veda".   

The 18 MahaPuranas listed in Agni Puranam are as follows

The Puranas is a vast genre of encyclopedic Indian literature about a wide range of topics particularly myths, legends and other traditional lore. Several of these texts are named after major Hindu deities such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. There are 18 Maha Puranas (Great Puranas) and 18 Upa Puranas (Minor Puranas), with over 400,000 verses.

|<nowiki>विष्णु पुराणम् || Vishnu puranam</nowiki>

कूर्म पुराणम् || Koorma puranam is also listed according to another classification.

The following are the 18 Upa Puranas

The following are the 18 Upa Puranas

* Sanathkumareeyam

* Naarasimham

* Nandeeyam

|Sanathkumareeyam

* Shivarahasyam

|Naarasimham

* Daurvaasam

|Nandeeyam

* Naaradeeyam

|Shivarahasyam

* Vaamanam

|Daurvaasam

* Vaarunam

* Devibhagavatam

* Vaasishtam

|Naaradeeyam

* Kalki / Kaalika

|Vaamanam

* Gaanapatya or Mudgala

|Vaarunam

|Devibhagavatam

|Vaasishtam

* Paraashara

* Bhaargava

The Puranas have been influential in the Hindu culture. They are considered Vaidika (congruent with Vedic literature) or pertaining to vedas.

|Kalki / Kaalika

|Gaanapatya or Mudgala

|Paraashara

|Bhaargava

The Puranas have been influential in the development of Bharateeya samskriti. They are considered Vaidika (congruent with Vedic literature) or pertaining to vedas.

The Bhagavata Purana has been among the most celebrated, popularly studied and the principles practiced with reverence. The Puranic literature has become more popular with the Bhakti movement in India.  Both Dvaita and Advaita scholars have given bhasyas or commentaries on the various vedantic philosophies of the Maha Puranas.

The Bhagavata Purana has been among the most celebrated, popularly studied and the principles practiced with reverence presently by people all over the world. The Puranic literature has become more popular with the Bhakti movement in India.  Both Dvaita and Advaita scholars have given bhasyas or commentaries on the various vedantic philosophies of the Maha Puranas.

== References ==

== References ==