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The Vedas laid down that every individual should discharge three pious obligations. This concept of pious obligations emanated from one of the basic values of life evolved as part of Dharma, namely, "Gratitude", in that every individual has an obligation to the source from which every type of benefit was received by him including his own coming into existence. The three pious obligations were (1) Towards God ([[Devaruna]]), (ii) Towards Parents ([[Pitruruna]]) and (iii) Towards Rishis ([[Rishi Runa]]). In fact the entire ancient law evolved in this country was based upon the principle of three debts. Subsequently Vyasa, who is regarded as [[Adi Guru]] and as the greatest intellect, who classified the Four Vedas and who is also the author of the Great Epic Mahabharata, which includes the Bhagwadgita, considered that the three pious obligations were not complete, He added the fourth pious obligation namely towards Human Society ([[Manavaruna]]). The inclusion of the fourth pious obligation is the most remarkable contribution of Vyasa. In view of his being the 'ocean of knowledge' and on account of the intellectual heights he reached, the nation pays obeisance to him down to this day by observing [['Vyasa Poornima]]' as [[Gurupoornima]].
The Vedas laid down that every individual should discharge three pious obligations. This concept of pious obligations emanated from one of the basic values of life evolved as part of Dharma, namely, "Gratitude", in that every individual has an obligation to the source from which every type of benefit was received by him including his own coming into existence. The three pious obligations were
(1) Towards God ([[Devaruna]]),
(ii) Towards Parents ([[Pitruruna]])
(iii) Towards Rishis ([[Rishi Runa]]).
In fact the entire ancient law evolved in this country was based upon the principle of three debts. Subsequently Vyasa, who is regarded as [[Adi Guru]] and as the greatest intellect, who classified the Four Vedas and who is also the author of the Great Epic Mahabharata, which includes the Bhagwadgita, considered that the three pious obligations were not complete, He added the fourth pious obligation namely towards Human Society ([[Manavaruna]]). The inclusion of the fourth pious obligation is the most remarkable contribution of Vyasa. In view of his being the 'ocean of knowledge' and on account of the intellectual heights he reached, the nation pays obeisance to him down to this day by observing [['Vyasa Poornima]]' as [[Gurupoornima]].
The relevant verses in Mahabharata, in which these four pious obligations have been indicated are in '''Adiparva Ch. 120- 17-20''':
The relevant verses in Mahabharata, in which these four pious obligations have been indicated are in '''Adiparva Ch. 120- 17-20''':
'''_.kSJrqfHkZ% la;qDrk tk;Urs ekuok HkqfoA fir`nsof"kZeuqtSnsZ;a rsH;J /keZr%AA ;KSLrq nsoku izh.kkfr Lok/;k;rilk equhuà iq=S% Jk)S% fir`aÜpkfi vku`'kaL;su ekuokuÃA'''
'''_.kSJrqfHkZ% la;qDrk tk;Urs ekuok HkqfoA fir`nsof"kZeuqtSnsZ;a rsH;J /keZr%AA ;KSLrq nsoku izh.kkfr Lok/;k;rilk equhuà iq=S% Jk)S% fir`aÜpkfi vku`'kaL;su ekuokuÃA'''
== Marriage: the Source of Paying the three Debts ==
The sanctity attached to the relationship of the husband and wife brought about by Vivaha (marriage) and the inseparability of their relationship was the firm foundation laid by the propounders of Dharma, on which the social life was constructed. This again had its source in the principle of three debts or three pious obligations.
Devaruna (pious obligation to the gods) was required to be discharged through religious sacrifices and other virtuous deeds such as making gifts to deserving people, as a householder. It was ordained that all such acts must be performed by the husband and the wife jointly. This injunction is being obeyed down to this day.
'''iztukFk± fL=;% l`"Vk% larkukFk± p ekuok%A rLekRlk/kkj.kks /keZ% JqrkS iRU;k lgksfnr%AA'''
'''MANU IX-96:'''
To be mothers were women created and to be fathers men; religious rites therefore are ordained in the Veda to be performed by the husband together with his wife.
Every individual should discharge four pious obligations. They are Devaruna (towards God), Pitruruna (towards parents), Rishiruna (towards teachers) and Manavaruna (towards humanity).
Every individual should discharge four pious obligations. They are Devaruna (towards God), Pitruruna (towards parents), Rishiruna (towards teachers) and Manavaruna (towards humanity).
A man should discharge Pitruruna by maintaining continuity of the family, Devaruna by worship of God, Rishiruna by the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, and [[Manavaruna]] by every type of social service.
A man should discharge Pitruruna by maintaining continuity of the family, Devaruna by worship of God, Rishiruna by the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, and [[Manavaruna]] by every type of social service.
Thus the method by which the four pious obligations were required to be discharged were also indicated.
Thus the method by which the four pious obligations were required to be discharged were also indicated.
== Devaruna The pious obligation towards God, the Creator: ==
== Devaruna The pious obligation towards God, the Creator: ==