Hetvabhasa (हेत्वाभासः)

They are of five types

1. Savyabhichara (सव्यभिचारः) ॥ Inconclusive hetvabhasa is that which is tainted by indecision. अनैकान्तिकः सव्यभिचारः ॥५॥ {सव्यभिचारलक्षणम्}
2. Viruddha (विरुद्धः) ॥ Contradictory hetvabhasa is when a certain doctrine after having been accepted, the hetu that is contradictory to it is called Viruddha. सिद्धान्तं अभ्युपेत्य तद्विरोधी विरुद्धः ॥६॥ {विरुद्धलक्षणम्}
3. Prakaranasama (प्रकरणसमः) ॥ Neutralized hetu is that which is put forward to establish a definite conclusion but only gives rise to suspense in regard to the point at issue. यस्मात्प्रकरणचिन्ता सः निर्णयार्थमपदिष्टः प्रकरणसमः ॥७॥ {प्रकरणसमलक्षणम्}
4. Sadhyasama (साध्यसमः) ॥ Unknown hetu is that which is yet to be proved and is not different from the object. साध्याविशिष्टः साध्यत्वात्साध्यसमः ॥८॥ {साध्यसमलक्षणम्}
5. Kalaateeta (कालातीतः) ॥ Mis-timed or delayed hetu. कालात्ययापदिष्टः कालातीतः ॥ ९॥ {कालातीतलक्षणम्}