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Line 14: − + − − === प्राणविद्या || Pranavidya === − The importance of Pranavidya is the special emphasis of Aranyakas. The quiet environment and solitude of the forests are the most apt locations to meditate on Pranavidya. Aitareya Aranyaka gives an exceptional account of this vidya (Aite. Aran. 1.1-3). The references of Rig Veda mantras add strength to the concept of this vidya. Prana is said to be supreme among all indriyas as given in the second adhyaya of this Aranyaka (2.1.4). <blockquote>सर्वं हीदं प्राणेनाऽऽवृतम्, इति । सोऽयमाकाशः प्राणेन बृहत्या विष्टब्धस्तद्यथाऽयमाकाशः प्राणेन बृहत्या विष्टब्ध । एवं सर्वाणि भूतानि आपिपीलिकाभ्यः प्राणेन बृहत्या विष्टब्धानीत्येवं विद्यात्, इति ।। (Aitr. Aran. 2.1.6)<ref name=":0">Aitareya Aranyaka ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Aranyaka 2 Adhyaya 1])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>sarvaṁ hīdaṁ prāṇēnāvr̥tam, iti । sō'yamākāśaḥ prāṇēna br̥hatyā viṣṭabdhastadyathāyamākāśaḥ prāṇēna br̥hatyā viṣṭabdha । ēvaṁ sarvāṇi bhūtāni āpipīlikābhyaḥ prāṇēna br̥hatyā viṣṭabdhānītyēvaṁ vidyāt, iti ।। </blockquote>Summary : Every thing in this jagat is filled with or covered by Prana. Prana bears everything in the universe. By the power of Pranashakti, akasha is in its place. So also all the beings from the largest to the smallest ant are firmly supported by Prana. − − === Prana is Ayushkaraka === − Without Prana the universe that we see in front of our eyes does not sustain, so Prana is all-pervading, omnipresent and protector. Hence in mantras Prana is called Gopa (गोपा). It is the reason for Ayu (आयुः । longevity). As long as Prana is in the shareera (body) till then life sustains. Kaushitaki Upanishad mentions the Ayukaraka nature of Prana as follows<blockquote>आयुः प्राणः प्राणो वा आयुः प्राण एवाचामृतम् । यावद्ध्यस्मिञ्छरीरे प्राणो वसति तावदायुः । (Kaus.Upan.3.2)<ref>Kaushitaki Upanishad ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D Adhyaya 3])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>āyuḥ prāṇaḥ prāṇō vā āyuḥ prāṇa ēvācāmr̥tam । yāvaddhyasmiñcharīrē prāṇō vasati tāvadāyuḥ ।</blockquote>It was through Prana, that Antariksha ( loosely called as Space or Ether) and Vayu (Air) were created. A symbolic concept of Prana is that of the father and the sons as Antariksha and Vayu, who always serve the father. All beings with Prana are able to move in this Antariksha and it is the medium through which sound travels, thus Antariksha is subservient to Prana. The vayu brings sweets smells to the nose (indriya for smell) and satisfies the Prana inside the body as given by Aitareya Aranyaka below<blockquote>प्राणेन सृष्टावन्तरिक्षं च वायुश्च । अन्तरिक्षं वा अनुचरन्ति अन्तरिक्षमनुशृण्वन्ति । वायुरस्मै पुण्यं गन्धमावहति । एवमेतौ प्राणं पितरं परिचरतोऽन्तरिक्षं च वायुश्च । (Aitr. Aran. 2.1.7)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>prāṇēna sr̥ṣṭāvantarikṣaṁ ca vāyuśca । antarikṣaṁ vā anucaranti antarikṣamanuśr̥ṇvanti । vāyurasmai puṇyaṁ gandhamāvahati । ēvamētau prāṇaṁ pitaraṁ paricaratō'ntarikṣaṁ ca vāyuśca ।</blockquote>Different forms and qualities of prana have been extensively described for upasana and meditation purposes. − − === Prana is Kalatmaka === − In the form of day and night (अहोरात्रः), prana is described as a form of Kala or Time. Day is said to be Prana (प्राणः), while Night is called Apana (अपानः). In the morning Prana diffuses evenly in the body (प्रतनन) into all Indriyas or senses, called Pratayi (प्रातायि) which means one in whom there is a intense spread of Prana. Hence in the beginning of the day when one can visualise the effulgence of Prana, that time is called प्रातः। Prathaha (morning). At the end of the day when Prana is withdrawn into the Indriyas, called as Samaagat (समागात्), that time is called as सायम् । Sayam (evening). Due to progression or spread of Prana, Day is called Prana, while because of withdrawl, Night is called Apana.(Page 248 of reference<ref name=":4" />) <blockquote>तं देवाः प्राणयन्त स प्रणीतः प्रातायत प्रातायीतीँ३ तत्प्रातरभवत्समागादितीँ२ तत्सायमभवदहरेव प्राणो रात्रिरपानः, इति । </blockquote><blockquote>taṁ dēvāḥ prāṇayanta sa praṇītaḥ prātāyata prātāyītīm̐3 tatprātarabhavatsamāgāditīm̐2 tatsāyamabhavadaharēva prāṇō rātrirapānaḥ, iti । (Aitr. Aran. 2.1.5)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote> − − === Prana is Devatmaka === − Prana is described as Devatas. In vak () resides Agni (), in eyes Surya (), in manas Chandra () and in the ears reside the Dishas (direction). In this step, one has to meditate upon all these devatas as residing in prana. A rishi named Hiranyadanvaida () reaped great benefits from performing such upasana.<ref name=":4" /> <blockquote>वागग्निश्चक्षुरसावादित्यश्चन्द्रमा मनो दिशः श्रोत्रं स एष प्रहितां संयोगोऽध्यात्ममिमा देवता अद उ आविरधिदैवतमित्येतत्तदुक्तं भवति, इति । (Aitr. Aran. 2.1.5)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vāgagniścakṣurasāvādityaścandramā manō diśaḥ śrōtraṁ sa ēṣa prahitāṁ saṁyōgō'dhyātmamimā dēvatā ada u āviradhidaivatamityētattaduktaṁ bhavati, iti ।</blockquote> − − === Prana is Rishi-rupa === − This is an exceptional concept wherein Prana is described as all the Rrshis and mantra-drastas.
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== Contents ==
== Contents ==
The major contents of the Aranyakas are ''Brahmavidya'' (ब्रह्मविद्या । theosophy), ''Upasana'' (उपासना । meditation) and ''Pranavidya'' (प्राणविद्या । knowledge of breath). They describe the secret meaning of the yajnas and the concept of Brahma as well. They constitute a natural transition to the Upanishads.
The major contents of the Aranyakas are ''Brahmavidya'' (ब्रह्मविद्या । theosophy), ''Upasana'' (उपासना । meditation) and ''Pranavidya'' (प्राणविद्या । knowledge of breath). They describe the secret meaning of the yajnas and the concept of Brahma as well. They constitute a natural transition to the Upanishads.
=== Comparison of Aranyakas and Brahmanas ===
=== Comparison of Aranyakas and Brahmanas ===