| Line 6: |
Line 6: |
| | Krishna Dvaipayana Vedavyasa had taught the four Vedas to his four students: Rgveda to Paila, Yajurveda to Vaishampayana, Samaveda to Jaimini and Atharvaveda to Sumantu. Vaishampayana also taught it to his students but once Yajnavalkya incurred the wrath of his Guru and was expelled by him, after surrendering the Yajurveda to him. Later he pleased Surya and got a new lyrical Veda, which came to be known as the Shukla Yajurveda or Vajasaneyi Samhita. | | Krishna Dvaipayana Vedavyasa had taught the four Vedas to his four students: Rgveda to Paila, Yajurveda to Vaishampayana, Samaveda to Jaimini and Atharvaveda to Sumantu. Vaishampayana also taught it to his students but once Yajnavalkya incurred the wrath of his Guru and was expelled by him, after surrendering the Yajurveda to him. Later he pleased Surya and got a new lyrical Veda, which came to be known as the Shukla Yajurveda or Vajasaneyi Samhita. |
| | | | |
| − | In the scholarly debates on Brahman arranged by the king Janaka Vaideha, he emerged as the best and the most brilliant of all the scholarly Rishis, as recorded in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (Chapter Three). He taught spiritual wisdom to his first wife Maitreyi who was a seeker of truth and his second wife was Katyayani. | + | In the scholarly debates on Brahman arranged by the king Janaka Vaideha, he emerged as the best and the most brilliant of all the scholarly Rishis, as recorded in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (Chapter Three).{{Citation needed}} He taught spiritual wisdom to his first wife Maitreyi who was a seeker of truth and his second wife was Katyayani. |
| | | | |
| − | Two more works are attributed to him: Yoga-yajnavalkya and Yajnavalkya Smrti. Yajnavalkya Smrti is a well-known Smrti belonging to the classical Dharmasastra literature. It is said to be a composition of the famous sage Yajnavalkya, the promulgator of the Shukla Yajurveda Samhita. Its style and ideas seem to be close to this Veda. The present edition as available now was probably finalised by 700 CE, though the original might be placed between 100 BC and 300 CE. Passages from it are found on inscriptions in every part of India dated in the tenth and eleventh centuries after Christ and also in the Panchatantra. | + | Two more works are attributed to him: Yoga-yajnavalkya and Yajnavalkya Smrti. Yajnavalkya Smrti is a well-known Smrti belonging to the classical Dharmashastra literature. It is said to be a composition of the famous sage Yajnavalkya, the promulgator of the Shukla Yajurveda Samhita. Its style and ideas seem to be close to this Veda. The present edition as available now was probably finalised by 700 CE, though the original might be placed between 100 BCE and 300 CE. Passages from it are found on inscriptions in every part of India dated in the tenth and eleventh centuries (CE) and also in the Panchatantra. |
| | | | |
| | == भाष्याणि ॥ Commentaries == | | == भाष्याणि ॥ Commentaries == |
| − | It has more than 1000 verses in the classical Anushtubh metre and has five standard commentaries: Dharma-shastra-nibandha by Apararka (1200 CE), Mitramishra (1600 CE), Shulapani (circa 1400 CE), Mitakshara by Vijnaneshvara (circa 1100 CE) and Balakrida by Vishvarupa (800-825 CE). | + | It has more than 1000 verses in the classical Anushtubh metre and has five standard commentaries: |
| | + | |
| | + | * Dharma-shastra-nibandha by Apararka (1200 CE) |
| | + | * Mitramishra (1600 CE) |
| | + | * Shulapani (circa 1400 CE) |
| | + | * Mitakshara by Vijnaneshvara (circa 1100 CE) |
| | + | * Balakrida by Vishvarupa (800-825 CE) |
| | | | |
| | == अध्यायसारः ॥ Chapter Contents == | | == अध्यायसारः ॥ Chapter Contents == |
| − | His institutes are regarded as second in importance to those of Manu. Its contents<ref>Narayana Ram Acharya ‘Kavyatirtha’ (1985), Yajnavalkyasmrti, Delhi: Nag Publishers</ref> may be briefly described as follows:
| + | Rishi Yajnavalkya's institutes are regarded as second in importance to those of Manu. Its contents<ref>Narayana Ram Acharya ‘Kavyatirtha’ (1985), Yajnavalkyasmrti, Delhi: Nag Publishers</ref> may be briefly described as follows: |
| − | | |
| − | === प्रथमाध्याय: आचार: ॥ '''First Adhyaya: Achara (13 Prakaranas – 368 verses)''' ===
| |
| − | Upoddhata - Introduction
| |
| − | | |
| − | Brahmachari – The duties of Religious Student
| |
| − | | |
| − | Vivaha - The eight forms of marriage
| |
| − | | |
| − | Varna-jati-viveka – Description of various classes
| |
| − | | |
| − | Grihastha – The duties of a Householder
| |
| − | | |
| − | Snataka-dharma – The proper time for Vedic study and its Consecration
| |
| − | | |
| − | Bhakshya-abhakshya – Articles to be avoided
| |
| − | | |
| − | Dravya-shuddhi – Various instruments for purification
| |
| − | | |
| − | Dana - On giving gifts
| |
| − | | |
| − | Shraddha - Shraddha and its varieties
| |
| − | | |
| − | Ganapati-kalpa – The adoration of Vinayaka
| |
| | | | |
| − | Graha-shanti - The adoration of nine planets | + | === प्रथमाध्याय: आचार: ॥ '''First Adhyaya: Achara''' === |
| | + | '''(13 Prakaranas – 368 verses)''' |
| | + | {| class="wikitable" |
| | + | !Prakarana |
| | + | !Title |
| | + | !Topic |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |1 |
| | + | |Upoddhata |
| | + | |Introduction |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |2 |
| | + | |Brahmachari |
| | + | |The duties of Religious Student |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |3 |
| | + | |Vivaha |
| | + | |The eight forms of marriage |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |4 |
| | + | |Varna-jati-viveka |
| | + | |Description of various classes |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |5 |
| | + | |Grihastha |
| | + | |The duties of a Householder |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |6 |
| | + | |Snataka-dharma |
| | + | |The proper time for Vedic study and its Consecration |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |7 |
| | + | |Bhakshya-abhakshya |
| | + | |Articles to be avoided |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |8 |
| | + | |Dravya-shuddhi |
| | + | |Various instruments for purification |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |9 |
| | + | |Dana |
| | + | |On giving gifts |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |10 |
| | + | |Shraddha |
| | + | |Shraddha and its varieties |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |11 |
| | + | |Ganapati-kalpa |
| | + | |The adoration of Vinayaka |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |12 |
| | + | |Graha-shanti |
| | + | |The adoration of nine planets |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |13 |
| | + | |Raja-dharma |
| | + | |The characteristics and duties of a King |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | Raja-dharma – The characteristics and duties of a King
| + | === द्वितीयाध्याय: व्यवहार: ॥ '''Second Adhyaya: Vyavahara''' === |
| | + | '''(25 Prakaranas – 307 verses)''' |
| | | | |
| − | === द्वितीयाध्याय: व्यवहार: ॥ '''Second Adhyaya: Vyavahara (25 Prakaranas – 307 verses)''' ===
| |
| | Sadharana-vyavahara-matrika – Laws and regulations in general | | Sadharana-vyavahara-matrika – Laws and regulations in general |
| | | | |
| | Asadharana-vyavahara-matrika – Specific Laws and regulations | | Asadharana-vyavahara-matrika – Specific Laws and regulations |
| | | | |
| − | Rinadana - Debts, interest and repayment
| + | Rnadana - Debts, interest and repayment |
| | | | |
| | Upanidhi – Sealed deposit | | Upanidhi – Sealed deposit |