Changes

== Perception and its Objects ==

== Sensory Perception and its Objects ==

=== Inroduction ===

=== Inroduction ===

* Prameya -  Object of Knowledge. The thing or fact which is known or to be known.

* Prameya -  Object of Knowledge. The thing or fact which is known or to be known.

* Pramata -  The person who gains the knowledge. Knower or the Subject.

* Pramata -  The person who gains the knowledge. Knower or the Subject.

According to Nyayashastra, there are four distinct and independent methods or sources of knowledge, namely, perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), comparision or Analogy (upamana) and  verbal testimony (shabda). Perception means knowledge gained through direct contact of sense organs with objects. In inference, knowledge derived from reasoning or logical deduction based on observation. When knowledge is gained by compairing something unknown, it is called as Comparision or Analogy, as a Gavaya is like a cow. And the last one is Verbal Testimony, in which knowledge obtained through reliable authority or trustworthy verbal statement, especially the scriptures or words of a trustworthy person.

According to Nyayashastra, there are four distinct and independent methods or sources of knowledge, namely, perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), comparision or Analogy (upamana) and  verbal testimony (shabda). Perception means knowledge gained through direct contact of sense organs with objects. In inference, knowledge derived from reasoning or logical deduction based on observation. When knowledge is gained by compairing something unknown, it is called as Comparision or Analogy, as a Gavaya is like a cow. And the last one is Verbal Testimony, in which knowledge obtained through reliable authority or trustworthy verbal statement, especially the scriptures or words of a trustworthy person.

Perception gives us the knowledge of what is directly present to sense and we do not require any inference or testimony for a knowledge of it.

Perception gives us the knowledge of what is directly present to sense and we do not require any inference or testimony for a knowledge of it.

=== Definition of Perception ===

=== Definition of Perception ===

 

 

Perception is defined as- <blockquote>इन्द्रियार्थ-सन्निकर्षजन्यं ज्ञानं प्रत्यक्षम्<ref name=":0">VN Jha, Tarkasangraha of Annambhatta (English Translation with notes), Chinmaya International Foundation Shodha Sansthan, Adi Sankara Nilayam, Veliyanad, Ernakulam, Kerala.https://archive.org/details/tarkasangraha-of-annambhatta-v-n-jha/page/2/mode/2up?view=theater</ref></blockquote>

Perception is defined as- <blockquote>इन्द्रियार्थ-सन्निकर्षजन्यं ज्ञानं प्रत्यक्षम्<ref name=":0">VN Jha, Tarkasangraha of Annambhatta (English Translation with notes), Chinmaya International Foundation Shodha Sansthan, Adi Sankara Nilayam, Veliyanad, Ernakulam, Kerala.https://archive.org/details/tarkasangraha-of-annambhatta-v-n-jha/page/2/mode/2up?view=theater</ref></blockquote>

   Indriyārtha sannikarṣajanyam jñānam pratyakṣam<ref name=":0" />

   Indriyārtha sannikarṣajanyam jñānam pratyakṣam<ref name=":0" />