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In ayurveda we often find multiple attributes to a single term, in relation with ayurvedic shareera or anatomy, hriday is corelated with Heart. At fundamental level hriday is a sadyopranahara marma(a vital point which if injured leads to sudden death). During foetal development, hriday starts to develop along with other ashayas(organs) in the fourth month. Hriday is considered as a matraja bhava (precisely maternal factor) which is among shad garbhakara bhavas which precisely is a process of embryogenesis according to ayurveda shastras(char.shar.3.6). Acharya charaka in sutrasthana states “artha” as its synonym and it being the abode of six organs (five sensory organs, its objects, atma, and mind). Precisely hriday is a complex structure with

In Ayurveda we often find multiple attributes to a single term, in relation with ayurvedic shareera (शारीरम्) or anatomy, hruday or Hrday (हृदयम्) is corelated with Heart. At fundamental level hrday is a sadyopranahara [[Marma (मर्म)|marma]] (मर्म । a vital point which if injured leads to sudden death). During foetal development, hrday starts to develop along with other ashayas (organs) in the fourth month. Hrday is considered as a matraja bhava (मातृजभावः । precisely maternal factor) which is among shad garbhakara bhavas (षड गर्भकर भावाः) which precisely is a process of embryogenesis according to Ayurveda shastras.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 6)</ref>  Acharya charaka in sutrasthana states “artha” as its synonym and it being the abode of six organs (five sensory organs, its objects, atma, and mind). Precisely hriday is a complex structure with

<nowiki>https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.5_Issue.11_Nov2018/IJRR001.pdf</nowiki>

 Anatomy of Hrudaya in Ayurveda and that in western medicine is different because the entire perspective of looking at this particular body organ is different in both the sciences which includes its structure, function and associated factors, diseases and treatment. Here the anatomy of structure of Hrudaya as per Ayurveda treatises is discussed.  

''hrun'' – which means to abduct

Acharya sushruta describes the shape of the heart is like the shape of inverted lotus flower. The specific variety of lotus named as 'Pundarika' is selected as an analogy to describe the hrudayam. At the same place Acharya Sushruta explains that, it is the adhisthan (seat) of Chetana (life energy) which is also known as consciousness. The contraction of hrday happens during sleep and dilatation when awake.<ref name=":0" />

''dad – which means to donate''

Hriday also is known to be the originating point of the ten important vessels in the body known as ''dashamahamoola''.<ref name=":1">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 30 Sutra 3-7)</ref>

The heart houses the internal organs, consciousness, motor and sensory organs, five objects of sensory perceptions, and the soul(life energy), mind and objects of the mind. This is explained with the simile, as the central shaft supports the framework of the roof, these organ entities are supported by hrday.<ref name=":1" />

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The heart houses the internal organs, consciousness, motor and sensory organs, five objects of sensory perceptions, and the soul, mind and objects of the mind. This is explained with the simile, as the central shaft supports the framework of the roof, these organ entities are supported by hriday. (char.sutr.30.5,6)

 

 

 

According to Acharya Sushruta, Hriday is situated in between two breasts in the thoracic region. (sush.shar.6.34)

According to Acharya Sushruta, Hriday is situated in between two breasts in the thoracic region. (sush.shar.6.34)

Pleeha and phuppusa (organ entities which can be corelated with spleen and lungs respectively and precisely) are located on the left side of the hriday and yakrut and kloma(these are organ entities which are precisely corelated with liver and gallbladder) are situated below the right side of the hriday.(sush.shar.4.31)

Pleeha and phuppusa (organ entities which can be corelated with spleen and lungs respectively and precisely) are located on the left side of the hriday and yakrut and kloma(these are organ entities which are precisely corelated with liver and gallbladder) are situated below the right side of the hriday.(sush.shar.4.31)

 

== Functional aspect ==

Functional aspect | ''kriya''

Shuddha rakta or blood is circulated with the help of vyana vata(a type of vata dosha) from hriday throughout the whole shareera.(shar samh purv 1/76-78)

Shuddha rakta or blood is circulated with the help of vyana vata(a type of vata dosha) from hriday throughout the whole shareera.(shar samh purv 1/76-78)

 

== Doshas and Hruday ==

 

Doshas and Hriday

Its karma or action is primarily related with mental attributes (knowledge, intelligence etc)

Its karma or action is primarily related with mental attributes (knowledge, intelligence etc)

The karya or the action is nourishment, lubricating and influences functioning of other types of kapha dosha as well.

The karya or the action is nourishment, lubricating and influences functioning of other types of kapha dosha as well.

 

== Concept of dauhridini. ==

Concept of dauhridini.

 

In fourth month of the pregnancy demarcation of the organs start becoming prominent and so does hriday, and the women is stated as “dauhridini” which means the women is now possessing two hearts. Concept of developing desires in pregnancy is uniquely stated in Ayurveda samhitas in relation with development of foetal heart. This explains the presence of consciousness in the hriday of the foetus (seat of knowledge, intellect and mind). (sush.shar.3.15-28)

In fourth month of the pregnancy demarcation of the organs start becoming prominent and so does hriday, and the women is stated as “dauhridini” which means the women is now possessing two hearts. Concept of developing desires in pregnancy is uniquely stated in Ayurveda samhitas in relation with development of foetal heart. This explains the presence of consciousness in the hriday of the foetus (seat of knowledge, intellect and mind). (sush.shar.3.15-28)

 

== General preventive measures for Heart diseases ==

General preventive measures

 

तन्महत् ता महामूलास्तच्चोजः परिरक्षता| परिहार्या विशेषेण मनसो दुःखहेतवः||१३||

तन्महत् ता महामूलास्तच्चोजः परिरक्षता| परिहार्या विशेषेण मनसो दुःखहेतवः||१३||

Diet modifications, appropriate dravya medications, behaviour modifications are certain general care methods for preservation of hriday, ojas and ten great vessels originating from hriday.

Diet modifications, appropriate dravya medications, behaviour modifications are certain general care methods for preservation of hriday, ojas and ten great vessels originating from hriday.

 

== Ojas and Hruday ==

Ojas and Hriday

 

तेन मूलेन महता महामूला मता दश| ओजोवहाः शरीरेऽस्मिन् विधम्यन्ते समन्ततः||८|| (char.sut.30. 8-12)

तेन मूलेन महता महामूला मता दश| ओजोवहाः शरीरेऽस्मिन् विधम्यन्ते समन्ततः||८|| (char.sut.30. 8-12)

While describing the effects of madya(intoxication) on oja, Acharya charaka describes hriday as the site for the channels of Rasa dhatu, vata etc and ojas as well.(char.chik.24.36)

While describing the effects of madya(intoxication) on oja, Acharya charaka describes hriday as the site for the channels of Rasa dhatu, vata etc and ojas as well.(char.chik.24.36)

 

== General Symptoms of Hrudroga (Heart diseases) ==

Symptoms

 

वैवर्ण्यमूर्च्छाज्वरकासहिक्काश्वासास्यवैरस्यतृषाप्रमोहाः|

वैवर्ण्यमूर्च्छाज्वरकासहिक्काश्वासास्यवैरस्यतृषाप्रमोहाः|

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|}

|}

(char.chik.trimarm.78-80)

(char.chik.trimarm.78-80)

General Classification

== General Classification of Hrudrogas ==

5.      Krimija hridroga

5.      Krimija hridroga

Vataja Hridroga

=== Vataja Hridroga ===

 

Symptoms- feeling of emptiness in the cardiac region, pricking pain, palpitations, cardiac muscke atrophy, mental confusion, obstructed movements

Symptoms- feeling of emptiness in the cardiac region, pricking pain, palpitations, cardiac muscke atrophy, mental confusion, obstructed movements

Treatment – application of medicated oils, administration of various herbal decoctions (for e.g.; punarnava, devdaru etc), administration of medicated ghrita (clarified butter/ghee)

Treatment – application of medicated oils, administration of various herbal decoctions (for e.g.; punarnava, devdaru etc), administration of medicated ghrita (clarified butter/ghee)

 

=== Pittaja Hridroga ===

Pittaja Hridroga

 

Symptoms – dizziness, fever, burning sensation etc

Symptoms – dizziness, fever, burning sensation etc

Treatment – virechana or purgation therapy, administration of medicated ghee, intake of sugarcane juice etc.

Treatment – virechana or purgation therapy, administration of medicated ghee, intake of sugarcane juice etc.

 

=== Kaphaja hridroga ===

Kaphaja hridroga

 

Symptoms – heaviness of the heart, fever, excess salivation, drowsiness etc

Symptoms – heaviness of the heart, fever, excess salivation, drowsiness etc

Treatment – intake of barley, various herbal decoctions, rasayana therapy (administration of chyavanprash, agastyaharitiki(herbal formulations))

Treatment – intake of barley, various herbal decoctions, rasayana therapy (administration of chyavanprash, agastyaharitiki(herbal formulations))

 

=== Sannipataja hridroga ===

Sannipataja hridroga

 

Symptoms – the symptoms of the three doshas are manifested together.

Symptoms – the symptoms of the three doshas are manifested together.

Treatment – langhana, appropriate diet administration, etc

Treatment – langhana, appropriate diet administration, etc

 

=== Krimija Hridroga ===

Krimija Hridroga

 

Symptoms – acute pain, itching, discomfort

Symptoms – acute pain, itching, discomfort

Other disorders with involvement of the hriday

== Other disorders with involvement of the hruday ==

Stiffness in chest and cardiac region is one of the general symptoms mentioned in Arsha roga.

Stiffness in chest and cardiac region is one of the general symptoms mentioned in Arsha roga.