Changes

muñjānāṁ valkalānāntu kramānmaujjyāḥ prakīrtitāḥ ॥153.8  

muñjānāṁ valkalānāntu kramānmaujjyāḥ prakīrtitāḥ ॥153.8  

mārgavaiyādhravāstāni carmāṇi vratacāriṇāṁ । parṇapippalavilvānāṁ kramāddaṇḍāḥ prakīrtitāḥ ॥153.9</blockquote>The shastra texts also enumerate specifications of the attire worn by the brahmanas, kshatriyas and Vaishyas as brahmancharis after the Upanayana Samskara ie. during their studenthood.  

mārgavaiyādhravāstāni carmāṇi vratacāriṇāṁ । parṇapippalavilvānāṁ kramāddaṇḍāḥ prakīrtitāḥ ॥153.9</blockquote>The shastra texts also enumerate specifications of the attire worn by the brahmanas, kshatriyas and Vaishyas as brahmancharis after the Upanayana Samskara ie. during their studenthood. Manusmrti says, <blockquote>कार्ष्णरौरवबास्तानि चर्माणि ब्रह्मचारिणः । वसीरन्नानुपूर्व्येण शाणक्षौमाविकानि च । । २.४१ । ।<ref name=":1" /> kārṣṇarauravabāstāni carmāṇi brahmacāriṇaḥ । vasīrannānupūrvyeṇa śāṇakṣaumāvikāni ca । । 2.41 । । </blockquote>Meaning:   

 

Manusmrti says, <blockquote>कार्ष्णरौरवबास्तानि चर्माणि ब्रह्मचारिणः । वसीरन्नानुपूर्व्येण शाणक्षौमाविकानि च । । २.४१ । ।<ref name=":1" />

 

kārṣṇarauravabāstāni carmāṇi brahmacāriṇaḥ । vasīrannānupūrvyeṇa śāṇakṣaumāvikāni ca । । 2.41 । । </blockquote>Meaning:   

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

!Charma

!Charma

|Made of wool

|Made of wool

|}

|}

The Paraskara grhyasutras also reiterate the same and add further that if the prescribed sort of garment is not to be found, a cow's hide (that is optionally prescribed for a Vaishya) should be worn by all.<ref name=":8" /> <blockquote>ऐणेयमजिनमुत्तरीयं ब्राह्मणस्य १७ रौरवं राजन्यस्य १८ आजं गव्यं वा वैश्यस्य १९ सर्वेषां वा गव्यमसति प्रधानत्वात् २०<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Paraskara Grhyasutra] (Refer 2.5)</ref>

The Paraskara grhyasutras also reiterate the same and add further that if the prescribed sort of garment is not to be found, a cow's hide (that is optionally prescribed for a Vaishya) should be worn by all.<ref name=":8" /> <blockquote>ऐणेयमजिनमुत्तरीयं ब्राह्मणस्य १७ रौरवं राजन्यस्य १८ आजं गव्यं वा वैश्यस्य १९ सर्वेषां वा गव्यमसति प्रधानत्वात् २०<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Paraskara Grhyasutra] (Refer 2.5)</ref> aiṇeyamajinamuttarīyaṁ brāhmaṇasya 17 rauravaṁ rājanyasya 18 ājaṁ gavyaṁ vā vaiśyasya 19 sarveṣāṁ vā gavyamasati pradhānatvāt 20</blockquote>As for the Danda, Manusmrti says,<blockquote>ब्राह्मणो बैल्वपालाशौ क्षत्रियो वाटखादिरौ । पैलवाउदुम्बरौ वैश्यो दण्डानर्हन्ति धर्मतः । । २.४५ । ।

 

aiṇeyamajinamuttarīyaṁ brāhmaṇasya 17 rauravaṁ rājanyasya 18 ājaṁ gavyaṁ vā vaiśyasya 19 sarveṣāṁ vā gavyamasati pradhānatvāt 20</blockquote>As for the Danda, Manusmrti says,<blockquote>ब्राह्मणो बैल्वपालाशौ क्षत्रियो वाटखादिरौ । पैलवाउदुम्बरौ वैश्यो दण्डानर्हन्ति धर्मतः । । २.४५ । ।

केशान्तिको ब्राह्मणस्य दण्डः कार्यः प्रमाणतः । ललाटसम्मितो राज्ञः स्यात्तु नासान्तिको विशः । । २.४६ । ।<ref name=":1" />

केशान्तिको ब्राह्मणस्य दण्डः कार्यः प्रमाणतः । ललाटसम्मितो राज्ञः स्यात्तु नासान्तिको विशः । । २.४६ । ।<ref name=":1" />

|Should reach the tip of his nose

|Should reach the tip of his nose

|}

|}

The Agni Purana further mentions that all the sticks should be having barks, should not have bends or be burnt ones.<ref name=":10" /><blockquote>अवक्राः सत्वचः सर्वे नाविप्लुष्टास्तु दण्डकाः ॥१५३.१०<ref name=":11" /> avakrāḥ satvacaḥ sarve nāvipluṣṭāstu daṇḍakāḥ ॥153.10 </blockquote>Upavita

The Agni Purana further mentions that all the sticks should be having barks, should not have bends or be burnt ones.<ref name=":10" /><blockquote>अवक्राः सत्वचः सर्वे नाविप्लुष्टास्तु दण्डकाः ॥१५३.१०<ref name=":11" /> avakrāḥ satvacaḥ sarve nāvipluṣṭāstu daṇḍakāḥ ॥153.10 </blockquote>Regarding the Upavita, the Baudhayana Dharmasutra states that the thread shall be made of Kusha grass or cotton, consist of thrice three strings and it shall hang down to the navel.<ref name=":8" /><blockquote>कौशं सौत्रं वा त्रिस्-त्रिवृद् यज्ञोपवीतम् ॥ आ नाभेः ॥<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF Baudhayana Dharmasutras]</ref> kauśaṁ sautraṁ vā tris-trivr̥d yajñopavītam ॥ ā nābheḥ ॥</blockquote>The Manusmrti<ref name=":8" /> and Agni Purana<ref name=":10" /> further specify the material of the Yajnopavita worn by the brahmanas, kshatriyas and vaishyas after the Upanayana Samskara as follows:<blockquote>कार्पासं उपवीतं स्याद्विप्रस्योर्ध्ववृतं त्रिवृत् । शणसूत्रमयं राज्ञो वैश्यस्याविकसौत्रिकम् । । २.४४ । ।<ref name=":1" />

Balambatta's glossary quotes Manu as follows:

वासोपवीते कार्पासक्षौमोर्णानां यथाक्रमं ।१५३.११<ref name=":11" />

कार्पासं उपवीतं स्याद्विप्रस्योर्ध्ववृतं त्रिवृत् । शणसूत्रमयं राज्ञो वैश्यस्याविकसौत्रिकम् । । २.४४ । ।<ref name=":1" />

kārpāsaṁ upavītaṁ syādviprasyordhvavr̥taṁ trivr̥t । śaṇasūtramayaṁ rājño vaiśyasyāvikasautrikam । । 2.44 । ।  

The sacrificial string of a brahmana shall be made of cotton, shall be twisted to the right, and consist of three threads, that of a kshatriya of hempen threads and that of a Vaishya of woollen threads.

vāsopavīte kārpāsakṣaumorṇānāṁ yathākramaṁ ।153.11</blockquote>Meaning:

 

{| class="wikitable"

The Baudhayana specifies that the sacrificial thread shall be made of Kusha grass or cotton and consist of thrice three strings. It shall hang down to the navel.<ref name=":8" />

 

कौशं सौत्रं वा त्रिस्-त्रिवृद् यज्ञोपवीतम् ॥ आ नाभेः ॥<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF Baudhayana Dharmasutras]</ref>

 

The sacred thread (should be made of) cotton, silk or wool respectively (for the three classes).<ref name=":10" />

|-

 

|Made of

वासोपवीते कार्पासक्षौमोर्णानां यथाक्रमं ।१५३.११<ref name=":11" />

 

|Hempen threads / Silk

The Manusmrti mentions that when these ie. his girdle, skin which serves as his upper garment, his staff, his sacrificial thread and his waterpot become damaged, he must throw into the water and take others reciting mantras.<ref name=":8" />

The Manusmrti also mentions that Upavita shall be twisted to the right and consist of three threads.<ref name=":8" />

मेखलां अजिनं दण्डं उपवीतं कमण्डलुम् । अप्सु प्रास्य विनष्टानि गृह्णीतान्यानि मन्त्रवत् । । २.६४ । ।<ref name=":1" />  

Furthermore, it is said that when these ie. his girdle, skin which serves as his upper garment, his staff, his yajnopavita and his waterpot become damaged, he must throw them into the water and take others reciting mantras.<ref name=":8" /><blockquote>मेखलां अजिनं दण्डं उपवीतं कमण्डलुम् । अप्सु प्रास्य विनष्टानि गृह्णीतान्यानि मन्त्रवत् । । २.६४ । ।<ref name=":1" />

The same is iterated by the Agni Purana as well (Adhyaya 153, verse 16).<ref name=":10" />

mekhalāṁ ajinaṁ daṇḍaṁ upavītaṁ kamaṇḍalum । apsu prāsya vinaṣṭāni gr̥hṇītānyāni mantravat । । 2.64 । ।</blockquote>The same is iterated by the Agni Purana as well (Adhyaya 153, verse 16).<ref name=":10" />

Balambatta's glossary on the Yajnavalkya smrti quotes the specifications of the staff enumerated in the Manusmrti.<ref name=":8" />

In fact, many of these details mentioned above regarding the different possessions of a brahmachari as mentioned across shastra texts have been quoted in Balambatta's glossary on the Yajnavalkya Smrti.<ref name=":8" />

== ब्रह्मचर्यधर्मः || Brahmacharya Dharma ==

== ब्रह्मचर्यधर्मः || Brahmacharya Dharma ==

A child is said to have been initiated into Brahmacharyashrama with a chief goal of veda adhyayana and has to follow the rules laid down for them. Many texts such as Grhyasutras, Dharmasutras, Puranas and Itihasas describe the ashrama dharmas. For example,  

A child is said to have been initiated into Brahmacharyashrama with a chief goal of veda adhyayana and has to follow the rules laid down for them. Many texts such as Grhyasutras, Dharmasutras, Puranas and Itihasas describe the ashrama dharmas. For example,