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Nidra (Samskrit: निद्रा) refers to the sleep. Sleep is not merely the state of reversible unconsciousness but, according to Ayurveda, sleep is that state of body, mind, senses and energy where the interaction between [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|purush]] (पुरुषः) and loka (लोकम्) is suspended for some time. This provides rest and relaxation to body, mind and senses which consequently relax, rejuvenate and re-energize the person. Thus, sleep is associated with health and well-being of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|body]] (शरीरम्), [[Manas (मनः)|mind]] (मनः) and senses ([[Indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)|इन्द्रियाणि]]). Sleep plays major role in the energy dynamics of the body-mind system of a human being. It is that aspect of life process which helps to restore and preserve energy which which could be then utilized to carry out body tissue repair. Because of this Ayurveda has considered sleep as one of the 3 supports of life and thus has given significant attention to the causes, process, effects and disorders related to the sleep.
Nidra (Samskrit: निद्रा) refers to the sleep. Sleep is not merely the state of reversible unconsciousness but, according to Ayurveda, sleep is that state of body, mind, senses and energy where the interaction between [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|purush]] (पुरुषः) and loka (लोकम्) is suspended for some time. This provides rest and relaxation to body, mind and senses which consequently relax, rejuvenate and re-energize the person. Thus, sleep is associated with health and well-being of [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|body]] (शरीरम्), [[Manas (मनः)|mind]] (मनः) and senses ([[Indriyas (इन्द्रियाणि)|इन्द्रियाणि]]). Sleep plays major role in the energy dynamics of the body-mind system of a human being. It is that aspect of life process which helps to restore and preserve energy which which could be then utilized to carry out body tissue repair. Because of this Ayurveda has considered sleep as one of the 3 supports of life and thus has given significant attention to the causes, process, effects and disorders related to the sleep.
== निद्रा उत्पत्तिः॥ Utpatti of Nidra ==
== निद्रा उत्पत्तिः॥ Utpatti of Nidra ==
Acharya Sushruta has stated that, Nidra originates from maya of devata Vishnu (विष्णुः). Thus, nidra is said to be Vaishnavi (वैष्णवी).<ref>Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=vaiShNav Sharirasthanam Adhyayam 4 Sutram 33])</ref> As per Hindu tradition, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are the 3 devatas (देवताः) which represent the 3 dimensions of cosmic energy, creation, sustenance and destruction respectively. In this, Vishnu devata sustains the creation and represents the eternal principle of preservation. Thus, with respect to the human body, Vaishnavi Nidra is said to be the one that sustains life and helps in energy preservation. Therefore while evaluating the energy dynamics of human body Ayurveda lays high emphasis on sleep disturbances of the individual.
Acharya Sushruta has stated that, Nidra originates from maya of devata Vishnu (विष्णुः). Thus, nidra is said to be Vaishnavi (वैष्णवी).<ref>Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=vaiShNav Sharirasthanam Adhyayam 4 Sutram 33])</ref> As per Hindu tradition, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are the 3 devatas (देवताः) which represent the 3 dimensions of cosmic energy, creation, sustenance and destruction respectively. In this, Vishnu devata sustains the creation and represents the eternal principle of preservation. Thus, with respect to the human body, Vaishnavi Nidra is said to be the one that sustains life and helps in energy preservation. Therefore while evaluating the energy dynamics of human body Ayurveda lays high emphasis on sleep disturbances of the individual.
=== Factors responsible to induce sleep ===
<blockquote>निवृत्तिः पुष्टिकराणां, पुष्टिःस्वप्नकराणाम्...| (Cha.Su 25.40)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 25 Sutram 40)</ref></blockquote>Acharya charaka, in Charaka samhita has clearly explained the association of ones mental status with the sleep. It is noted that, relaxation and retirement from the stress leads to pushti i.e. nourishment and that in turn helps in induction of sleep. Thus it is frequently seen that those who are stressed excessively and can not stop thinking about a certain stressful thought (can not get detached), face disturbances in sleep.
== निद्रा त्रिगुण संबंधः॥ Nidra and Triguna ==
== निद्रा त्रिगुण संबंधः॥ Nidra and Triguna ==
== निद्राभेदाः॥ Types of Nidra ==
== निद्राभेदाः॥ Types of Nidra ==
Ayurveda literature described various types of sleep. There exist various causes related to body, mind and also the outer environment which may affect the process of sleep. The cause, effect and type of sleep decide its positive or negative effects on body and mind. Therefore, based on such factors, sleep has been categorized into various types. These are as below
Ayurveda literature described various types of sleep. There exist various causes related to body, mind and also the outer environment which may affect the process of sleep. The cause, effect and type of sleep decide its positive or negative effects on body and mind. Therefore, based on such factors, sleep has been categorized into various types by Acharya Charaka.<ref>Charaka Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read&h=rAtri Sutrasthanam Adhyayam 21 Sutram 58])</ref> These are as below
=== तमोभवा॥ Tamobhava ===
=== तमोभवा॥ Tamobhava ===