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The Rgveda refers to five planets as deities, out of which it mentions Brhaspati (Jupiter) and Vena (Venus) by name.

The Rgveda refers to five planets as deities, out of which it mentions Brhaspati (Jupiter) and Vena (Venus) by name.<ref name=":0" />

(1.105.10; 4.50.4; 10.123.1 Shatapatha brahmana 4.2.1)

अमी ये पञ्चोक्षणो मध्ये तस्थुर्महो दिवः । देवत्रा नु प्रवाच्यं सध्रीचीना नि वावृतुर्वित्तं मे अस्य रोदसी ॥१०॥<ref>Rgveda, Mandala 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7.%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AB Sukta 105].</ref> Rg. 1.105.10

Shani (Saturn), Rahu (Moon's ascending node), and Ketu (Moon's descending node) are mentioned in the Maitrayani Upanishad 7.6

बृहस्पतिः प्रथमं जायमानो महो ज्योतिषः परमे व्योमन् । सप्तास्यस्तुविजातो रवेण वि सप्तरश्मिरधमत्तमांसि ॥४॥<ref>Rgveda, Mandala 4, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%AA.%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6 Sukta 50].</ref> Rg. 4.50.4

It also mentions 34 lights which, in all probability, are the Sun, the Moon, the 5 planets and the 27 nakshatras (Rg 10.55.3)

अयं वेनश्चोदयत्पृश्निगर्भा ज्योतिर्जरायू रजसो विमाने । इममपां संगमे सूर्यस्य शिशुं न विप्रा मतिभी रिहन्ति ॥१॥<ref>Rgveda, Mandala 10, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6.%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A9 Sukta 123].</ref> Rg. 10.123.1

The Rgveda describes the Sun as the sole light-giver of the universe, the cause of the seasons, the controller and the lord of the world. (8.58.2; 1.95.3; 1.164.14)

 

 

 

 

 

The Rgveda describes the Sun as the sole light-giver of the universe, the cause of the seasons, the controller and the lord of the world.<ref name=":0" />

 

एक एवाग्निर्बहुधा समिद्ध एकः सूर्यो विश्वमनु प्रभूतः । एकैवोषाः सर्वमिदं वि भात्येकं वा इदं वि बभूव सर्वम् ॥२॥<ref>Rgveda, Mandala 8, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%AE.%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AE Sukta 58].</ref> Rg. 8.58.2

 

त्रीणि जाना परि भूषन्त्यस्य समुद्र एकं दिव्येकमप्सु । पूर्वामनु प्र दिशं पार्थिवानामृतून्प्रशासद्वि दधावनुष्ठु ॥३॥<ref>Rgveda, Mandala 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7.%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AB Sukta 95].</ref> Rg. 1.95.3

 

सनेमि चक्रमजरं वि वावृत उत्तानायां दश युक्ता वहन्ति । सूर्यस्य चक्षू रजसैत्यावृतं तस्मिन्नार्पिता भुवनानि विश्वा ॥१४॥<ref>Rgveda, Mandala 1, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7.%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AA Sukta 164].</ref> Rg. 1.164.14

Aitareya brahmana 2.7 describes Sun as the cause of the wind.

Aitareya brahmana 2.7 describes Sun as the cause of the wind.

The Moon is called Surya-rashmi ie. one which shines by sunlight (Taittiriya Samhita 3.4.7.1)

The Moon is called Surya-rashmi ie. one which shines by sunlight (Taittiriya Samhita 3.4.7.1)<ref name=":0" />

 

 

According to the Taittiriya brahmana 3.1.1, "Jupiter when born was first visible in the nakshatra Tishya (Pushya).<ref>Kolachana, Aditya & Mahesh, Kaluva & Ramasubramanian, K.. (2019). Main characteristics and achievements of ancient Indian astronomy in historical perspective. 10.1007/978-981-13-7326-8_24. </ref>

बृहस्पतिः प्रथमं जायमानः । तिष्यं नक्षत्रमभि संबभूव ।<ref name=":1" />

== References ==

== References ==