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| A whole body of texts are included under this heading:<ref name=":42222" /><ref name=":02222">Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref><ref name=":2">Shri. Kishore Mishra's Article : ''[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/pdf/ved_vedang_gp_13.pdf Vaidik Vangmay ka Shastriya Swaroop]'' in Vedic Heritage Portal.</ref> | | A whole body of texts are included under this heading:<ref name=":42222" /><ref name=":02222">Venkateswara Rao. Potturi (2010) ''Paaramaathika Padakosam'' Hyderabad: Msko Books</ref><ref name=":2">Shri. Kishore Mishra's Article : ''[http://vedicheritage.gov.in/pdf/ved_vedang_gp_13.pdf Vaidik Vangmay ka Shastriya Swaroop]'' in Vedic Heritage Portal.</ref> |
− | #[[Shruti (श्रुतिः)|Shrutis]] also called Amnaya (आम्नाय) and Trayi (त्रयी) (Include [[Vedas (वेदाः)|Vedas]], Vedabhashyas, [[Brahmana (ब्राह्मणम्)|Brahmanas]], [[Aranyaka (आरण्यकम्)|Aranyakas]], Upanishads example : Rigveda, Yajus samhita, Brhdaranyaka, [[Chaandogya Upanishad (छान्दोग्य उपनिषद्)|Chandogya Upanishad]]) | + | #[[Shruti (श्रुतिः)|Shrutis]] also called Amnaya (आम्नाय) and Trayi (त्रयी) (Include [[Vedas (वेदाः)|Vedas]], Vedabhashyas, [[Brahmana (ब्राह्मणम्)|Brahmanas]], [[Aranyaka (आरण्यकम्)|Aranyakas]], and [[Upanishads (उपनिषदः)|Upanishads]] example : Rigveda, Yajus samhita, Taittriya Brahmana, Brhdaranyaka, Chandogya Upanishad) |
− | #Smritis ([[Vaidika Vangmaya (वैदिकवाङ्मयम्)|Vaidika Vangmaya]] such as [[Shad Vedangas (षड्वेदाङ्गानि)|Vedangas]], Smritis or Dharmashastras, Puranas, Itihasa) | + | #Smritis (Include [[Vaidika Vangmaya (वैदिकवाङ्मयम्)|Vaidika Vangmaya]] such as [[Shad Vedangas (षड्वेदाङ्गानि)|Vedangas]], Smritis or Dharmashastras, Puranas, Itihasa which are exclusive of the core Vaidika texts) |
| #Agamas (Example : Shaiva and Vaishnava Agamas) | | #Agamas (Example : Shaiva and Vaishnava Agamas) |
| #Darsanas (Astika Darshanas, example : [[Samkhya Darshana (साङ्ख्यदर्शनम्)|Samkhya]], Nyaya darshana)<ref name=":42222" /> | | #Darsanas (Astika Darshanas, example : [[Samkhya Darshana (साङ्ख्यदर्शनम्)|Samkhya]], Nyaya darshana)<ref name=":42222" /> |
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| #Katha kavyas (Stories, example : Brhatkatha, Kathasaritsagara) | | #Katha kavyas (Stories, example : Brhatkatha, Kathasaritsagara) |
| #Nitikavyas (Didactic poetry, example : Panchatantra and Hitopadesha) | | #Nitikavyas (Didactic poetry, example : Panchatantra and Hitopadesha) |
− | In DharmaWiki, articles pertaining to the Vedas and Vaidika Vangmaya are discussed while information pertaining to Laukika Sahitya is beyond the scope of this project (except for a few references). A flowchart of the classification of Vaidika and Laukika Sahitya has been attempted with the sources of the material as given in the article. | + | In Dharmawiki project, articles pertaining to the Vedas and Vaidika Vangmaya are discussed while information pertaining to Laukika Sahitya is beyond the scope of this project (except for a few references) at present. A flowchart of the classification of Vaidika and Laukika Sahitya has been attempted with the sources of the material as given in the article. |
| ==The Shrutis== | | ==The Shrutis== |
− | {{Main|Shruti_(श्रुतिः)}}The Vaidika texts were memorized and transmitted orally, from one generation to next, hence preserved over thousands of years. There are two classifications of Hindu texts: ''[[Shruti]]'' – that which is heard, and ''[[Smriti]]'' – that which is remembered. The supremacy of Vedas has been emphasized in Manusmrti as follows<blockquote>बिभर्ति सर्वभूतानि वेदशास्त्रं सनातनम् । तस्मादेतत्परं मन्ये यज्जन्तोरस्य साधनम् । । १२.९९ (Manu. Smrt. 12.99)<ref name=":4">Manu Smrti ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 12])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>bibharti sarvabhūtāni vedaśāstraṃ sanātanam । tasmādetatparaṃ manye yajjantorasya sādhanam । । 12.99 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: The eternal Veda shastra upholds or protects all beings (by being their flawless guideline). Those endeavoring for the welfare of all beings, regard Vedas as their supreme authoritative instrument in achieving it. | + | {{Main|Shruti_(श्रुतिः)}}The Vaidika texts were memorized and transmitted orally, from one generation to next, hence preserved over thousands of years. There are two classifications of Hindu texts: ''Shruti'' – that which is heard, and ''Smriti'' – that which is remembered. The supremacy of Vedas has been emphasized in Manusmrti as follows<blockquote>बिभर्ति सर्वभूतानि वेदशास्त्रं सनातनम् । तस्मादेतत्परं मन्ये यज्जन्तोरस्य साधनम् । । १२.९९ (Manu. Smrt. 12.99)<ref name=":4">Manu Smrti ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 12])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>bibharti sarvabhūtāni vedaśāstraṃ sanātanam । tasmādetatparaṃ manye yajjantorasya sādhanam । । 12.99 । ।</blockquote>Meaning: The eternal Veda shastra upholds or protects all beings (by being their flawless guideline). Those endeavoring for the welfare of all beings, regard Vedas as their supreme authoritative instrument in achieving it. |
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| The Vedas are the foundational authority for the people who follow Sanatana Dharma and these four vedas are classified as Shruti texts.<ref name=":022">Swami Sivananda, All about Hinduism</ref><ref name=":22" /> | | The Vedas are the foundational authority for the people who follow Sanatana Dharma and these four vedas are classified as Shruti texts.<ref name=":022">Swami Sivananda, All about Hinduism</ref><ref name=":22" /> |
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| [[The Four Vedas (चतुर्वेदाः)|The Four Vedas]] are: | | [[The Four Vedas (चतुर्वेदाः)|The Four Vedas]] are: |
− | #[[Rigveda]] | + | #[[Rigveda (ऋग्वेदः)]] |
− | #[[Yajurveda]] | + | #[[Yajurveda (यजुर्वेदः)]] |
− | #[[Samaveda (सामवेद)|Samaveda]] | + | #[[Samaveda (सामवेदः)]] |
− | #[[Atharvaveda]] | + | #[[Atharvaveda (अथर्ववेदः)]] |
| The Vedas (include Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka and Upanishads for each Veda) called Shrutis, are passed on to generations of students and are memorized by hearing the mantras from the guru (guru-shishya parampara). Rishis have received the Vedas through revelation and hence Vedas are considered to be ''[[Apauruseya|apauruṣeya]]'', or entirely superhuman, without any author. | | The Vedas (include Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka and Upanishads for each Veda) called Shrutis, are passed on to generations of students and are memorized by hearing the mantras from the guru (guru-shishya parampara). Rishis have received the Vedas through revelation and hence Vedas are considered to be ''[[Apauruseya|apauruṣeya]]'', or entirely superhuman, without any author. |
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| #The [[Brahmana (ब्राह्मणम्)|Brahmanas]] that contain explanation of Mantras and rituals | | #The [[Brahmana (ब्राह्मणम्)|Brahmanas]] that contain explanation of Mantras and rituals |
| #The [[Aranyaka (आरण्यकम्)|Aranyakas]] that are mystical texts which give philosophical interpretation of the rituals. These are intended for the Vanaprasthas or hermits, who prepare themselves for taking Sanyasa | | #The [[Aranyaka (आरण्यकम्)|Aranyakas]] that are mystical texts which give philosophical interpretation of the rituals. These are intended for the Vanaprasthas or hermits, who prepare themselves for taking Sanyasa |
− | #The [[Upanishads]] that discuss meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge. | + | #The [[Upanishads (उपनिषदः)|Upanishads]] that discuss meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge. |
− | The subject matter of the whole Veda is divided into Karma-Kanda (कर्म खण्ड), Upasana-Kanda (उपासना खण्ड) and Jnana-Kanda (ज्ञान खण्ड). The Karma-Kanda or ritualistic section deals with various yajnas and associated kriyas. The Upasana-Kanda or worship-section deals with various kinds of worship or meditation. The Jnana-Kanda or knowledge-section deals with the knowledge of Brahman. The [[Samhita (संहिता)|Samhitas]] and the [[Brahmana (ब्राह्मणम्)|Brahmanas]] constitute Karma-Kanda; the [[Aranyaka (आरण्यकम्)|Aranyakas]] Upasana-Kanda; and the [[Upanishads]] Jnana-Kanda.<ref name=":42222" /><ref name=":022" /> | + | The subject matter of the whole Veda is divided into Karma-Kanda (कर्म खण्ड), Upasana-Kanda (उपासना खण्ड) and Jnana-Kanda (ज्ञान खण्ड). The Karma-Kanda or ritualistic section deals with various yajnas and associated kriyas. The Upasana-Kanda or worship-section deals with various kinds of worship or meditation. The Jnana-Kanda or knowledge-section deals with the knowledge of Brahman. The [[Samhita (संहिता)|Samhitas]] and the [[Brahmana (ब्राह्मणम्)|Brahmanas]] constitute Karma-Kanda; the [[Aranyaka (आरण्यकम्)|Aranyakas]] Upasana-Kanda; and the [[Upanishads (उपनिषदः)|Upanishads]] Jnana-Kanda.<ref name=":42222" /><ref name=":022" /> |
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| '''Main Components of Shrutis''' | | '''Main Components of Shrutis''' |