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=== उपाकर्म ॥ Upakarma ===
=== उपाकर्म ॥ Upakarma ===
The annual session of education in ancient times began soon after the commencement of the rainy season when the sowing operations were over and crops had began to sprout. By the full moon of month of Sravana (August) the sowing activity would be over and the ritual of Chhandasam [[Upakarma (उपाकर्म)|Upakarma]] (छान्दसाम् उपाकर्म), i.e., gathering the vedic knowledge, was performed on that day. This commencement ritual was mostly for the students and teachers in earlier times. However in the present day, it is being followed by all dvija brahmacharis and grhasthas (who have undergone Upanayana samskara, married or unmarried).<ref name=":0" />
The annual session of education in ancient times began soon after the commencement of the rainy season when the sowing operations were over and crops had began to sprout. By the full moon of month of Sravana (August) the sowing activity would be over and the ritual of Chhandasam [[Upakarma (उपाकर्म)|Upakarma]] (छान्दसाम् उपाकर्म), i.e., gathering the vedic knowledge, was performed on that day. This commencement ritual was mostly for the students and teachers in earlier times. However in the present day, it is being followed by all dvija brahmacharis and grhasthas (who have undergone Upanayana samskara, married or unmarried).<ref name=":0" />
== Terms related to Study ==
== Terms Related to Study ==
Vidya involves the study of the subject matter by the student. If the subject matter is Vedic study it is specifically called Svadhyaya, while study of any subject in general is termed as Adhyayana. Reading is Pathana and repeating a mantra is termed as Japa. Japa particularly relates to mantras and does not apply to subject matters.
=== स्वाध्यायम् ॥ Svadhyaya ===
=== स्वाध्यायम् ॥ Svadhyaya ===