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The following important features of Vedic Samskrit differentiates it from the Samskrita bhasha that has been in vogue in these recent centuries.

The following important features of Vedic Samskrit differentiates it from the Samskrita bhasha that has been in vogue in these recent centuries.

==== Svaras ====

==== स्वराः Svaras ====

The presence of Udatta and other svaras in Vaidika bhasha is a foremost differentiating feature from traditional Samskrit.  

* The presence of Udatta and other svaras in Vaidika bhasha is a foremost differentiating feature from traditional Samskrit.  

Usage of Svaras gives a musical tinge to the veda mantras, while such an attempt on traditional samskrit is not seen (chandas is applicable).

* The time of utterance (उच्चारण) of a syllable is called Matra (मात्रा). In vaidika samskrit - Hrasva (ह्रस्वः) Deergha (दीर्घः) Pluta (प्लुतः) kinds of utterances are available but Pluta is gradually lost in present day samskrit language.<ref name=":4" />

==== Varnas ====

==== वर्णः Varnas ====

' ळ ' as in इळामग्ने | क Jihvamuliya and प Upadmaniya are distinct sounds in vaidika samskrit which are not used in usage now.

* Consonant ' ळ ' as in इळामग्ने, क Jihvamuliya (जिह्वामूलीयः) and प Upadmaniya (उपध्मानीयः) are distinct sounds in vaidika samskrit which are not in usage now. ' ळ ' and ' ळ्ह ' and the rules for their conversion to ड and ढ are described in Rig Pratisakhya. These vyanjanas are commonly seen only in Rigveda and not in other vedas also. (Pratisakhya Sutra given on Page 555 of Reference <ref name=":4">Upadhyaya, Baldev. (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''. </ref>)

 

* ' ॡ ' varnas are seen in vaidkika samskrit, which are lost in traditional samskrit works.

' ॡ ' varnas are seen in vaidkika samskrita, which are lost in traditional samskrit works.

* अच् varnas when are present at the end of the word (अवसान वर्णः) are transformed into अनुनासिक varnas except in Shakala shaka. Example : ईड्यो॒ नूत॑नैरु॒'''तँ'''। (Rig. Veda. 1.1.2) (Pratisakhya Sutra given on Page 554 of Reference <ref name=":4">Upadhyaya, Baldev. (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''. </ref>)

 

* Doubling of consonants (द्वित्वम्) are seen in vaidika samskrit under various contexts which is not described by the grammatical rules of traditional samskrit.

अच् varnas when are present at the end of the word (अवसान वर्णः) are transformed into अनुनासिक varnas. Example : ईड्यो॒ नूत॑नैरु॒'''तँ'''। (Rig. Veda. 1.1.2)<ref>Upadhyaya, Baldev. (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''. </ref>

* Svarabhakti (स्वरभक्तिः) and Abhinidhana (अभिनिधानम्) are grammatical processes where combined varnas (संयुक्तवर्णाः) are broken down for clarity of pronunciation.

 

* Vyuha (व्यूह) and Vyavaya (व्यवाय) : Vyuha means separation. The process of separation of combined letters to accommodate the appropriate metrical construction (chandas) is called Vyuha.<ref name=":4" />

While Udatta etc svara pronunciation is the dharma or attribute of Svara varnas of vedic literature, its presence is trivial with respect to later day texts. Apart from Udatta, Anudatta, Svarita svaras Prachaya svara is also present which is said to aid in understanding the meaning of the content.

=== Vaidika Aksharas ===

=== Vaidika Aksharas ===