Vedic Terminology - Revision history

Pṛthvī: Text replacement - "spiritual" to "adhyatmik"

2020-03-12T17:01:08Z

Text replacement - "spiritual" to "adhyatmik"

P16459: Yajna

2019-09-22T13:16:52Z

Yajna

Ckanak93: Added hyperlinks

2018-12-28T06:08:05Z

Added hyperlinks

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Fordharma: /* Vaidika Kriyas */

2018-01-07T09:34:09Z

Vaidika Kriyas

Fordharma: /* ॥ Smritis */

2018-01-07T08:23:58Z

॥ Smritis

Fordharma at 08:18, 7 January 2018

2018-01-07T08:18:03Z

Fordharma: formating changes

2017-12-25T13:31:24Z

formating changes

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Fordharma: Adding veda vibhaga nirmana paddhati

2017-12-25T13:16:35Z

Adding veda vibhaga nirmana paddhati

Fordharma: Veda nirmana krama

2017-12-25T12:51:35Z

Veda nirmana krama

Fordharma: added hyperlinks

2017-12-25T12:23:46Z

added hyperlinks

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 ==== ॥ Stotram ====
-One or a set of slokas written in praise of a devata by rishis (Narayana) and siddhapurushas such as Sri Shankaraacharya. Example as in Lakshmi stotram where the stotram is addressing Lakshmi devi by rishis. Kanakadhara stotram is given by Sri Shankaraacharya in praise of Lakshmi devi. Many such stotras are recited or chanted for either fulfillment of worldly desires or for spiritual upliftment as part of worshiping a particular deity.
+One or a set of slokas written in praise of a devata by rishis (Narayana) and siddhapurushas such as Sri Shankaraacharya. Example as in Lakshmi stotram where the stotram is addressing Lakshmi devi by rishis. Kanakadhara stotram is given by Sri Shankaraacharya in praise of Lakshmi devi. Many such stotras are recited or chanted for either fulfillment of worldly desires or for adhyatmik upliftment as part of worshiping a particular deity.
 Astakam (where the number of slokas are eight in number) and such stotras are chanted by everyone without the requirement of vedic procedures.

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 A ‘Yaaga’ is made up of several rituals which has its own principal part (Pradhana). Those that form subsidiary or supplement to this are called ‘Angas’. Some of the rituals may be common to several ‘Yaagas’<ref name=":022222222">Radhakrishna Bhat, N. ''[http://ignca.nic.in/vedic_heritage/Vedic_tradition_karnataka.pdf Vedic Ritual Tradition of Karnataka]'', Vedic Heritage Portal.</ref>.
-A Yaaga is specialized vedic process involving an uddesa or intention (sankalpa) towards a particular deity, an altar (yajnakunda), a host (yajamaana), sacrificial offerings of various kinds (kratuvu, bali), utensils, sacred fire (yagagni), one or more officiating priests (purohita), gifts (dakshina) for the priests and guests, expiation ceremony (prayaschitta) and other concluding rituals. They are performed in open or in a house, temple, palace or a temporary structure (yajnavatika) built for the purpose<ref name=":03222222">http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Agnihotra#cite_note-1</ref>.
+A Yaaga is specialized vedic process involving an uddesa or intention (sankalpa) towards a particular deity, an altar (yajnakunda), a host (yajamaana), yajnika offerings of various kinds (kratuvu, bali), utensils, sacred fire (yagagni), one or more officiating priests (purohita), gifts (dakshina) for the priests and guests, expiation ceremony (prayaschitta) and other concluding rituals. They are performed in open or in a house, temple, palace or a temporary structure (yajnavatika) built for the purpose<ref name=":03222222">http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Agnihotra#cite_note-1</ref>.
 In Yaagas, yajamani offers the aahuti, in a standing position, using the utterance "वौशट् ॥ vaushat" at the end of mantras for the deity. Thus the ceremonies which are performed with the root "yaj" are yaagas like in "सोमेन यजेत ॥ somena yajeta"<ref name=":122222">Purkayastha, Dipanjona (2014) Ph. D Thesis from Assam University : ''[http://hdl.handle.net/10603/41946 A Study of the Asvalayana srauta sutra with reference to the principal sacrifices]''</ref>.

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 ॥ Pani
 == Vaidika Kriyas ==
-॥ Yagnam
+॥ Yagnam : A common and general term used to denote all satkarmas (good deeds) and encompasses several aspects such as worship, praise, pleasing of a deity, a purpose to achieve, a yaaga, an oblation and could be a mental (Jnana) or physically ritualistic process (Kratu) which may or may not include the piling of Agnihotra. An unmarried man is not allowed by sastras to perform any special yagnas or yaagas. A brahmachari is restricted to perform only some vaidika kriyas.
-॥ Yagam
+Bhagavad geeta gives the process of Jnanayagna. Adhiyagnam katham  8 .2 bhagavadgeeta Karma brahmo 3.15 bhagavadgeeta Yagnanardhat karmano yatra 3.9 Bhagavadgeeta 9.15 Jnana yagne, 9.16
-॥ Isthi
+॥ Yaagam : Yaagas are elaborate rituals with specific names (in contrast to Yagna which is a general name) involving Agnihotra with special offering of suitable dravyas (havis such as purodaasa, milk, ghee, etc) to the devatas. Some yaagas last for one day to three or more days even up to 12 years. Example: Sarpa sattra yaga was performed by King Janamejaya where all sarpas serpents were destroyed in the yaaga fire.
 ॥ Nityapuja

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 Shrutis are scriptures are of divine origin revealed to ancient rishis. These texts include the [[The four Vedas (चतुर्वेद)|four vedas]], Rig Veda, Yajurveda, Saamaveda, Atharvana Veda. Vedas, which are Apaurusheyas, are the oldest available texts of Sanatana Dharma handed down by oral traditional from father to son and from teacher to disciple. Their presence is ageless before their codification and compilation by Krishna Dwaipayana also called Maharshi Veda Vyasa. Shruti is also said to be of two types - Nigama and Aagama.
 ==== ॥ Smritis ====
-Smritis are texts derived from Shrutis (Vedas, which are the highest authority) that contain social, economic and political guidelines along with the prayaschittas for deviating from the code of conduct. They are said to be composed by rishis or seers and reflect the vedic principles to be put into use in daily life. One who practices the karma according to codes given in smritis is called Smartha.  There are
+Smritis are texts derived from Shrutis (Vedas, which are the highest authority) that contain social, economic and political guidelines along with the prayaschittas for deviating from the code of conduct. They are said to be composed by rishis or seers and reflect the vedic principles to be put into use in daily life. One who practices the karma according to codes given in smritis is called Smartha.  They are the following <ref name=":02" />
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Astaadasha Smritis
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 |}
-# Upasmritis : 18 Upasmritis are Kanva, Kapila, Lohita, Devala, Kaatyayana, Lokakshi, Budha, Shaatatapa, Atri, Prachetasa, Daksha, Vishnu, Vrddhavishnu, Vrddhamanu, Dhaumya, Naarada, Paulatsya, and Uttaraangira upasmritis. It may be noted that some names appear in both the Smriti and Upasmriti lists<ref name=":02" />.
+Apart from these three more Smritis - Ushana, Vasishta and Vyasa (who is said to have examined all the smritis and compiled them as Vyasa smriti) are present as seen in other texts.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 63: / Line 60: @@
 |}
-There are alternative versions of this list of Smritis and Upasmritis and it may be noted that there are some common names in both the lists.
+There are alternative versions of this list of Smritis and Upasmritis and it may be noted that there are some common names in both the lists.  Thus, Smriti literature includes Vedangas, Veda Upangas, Itihasa and Puranas. However, smritis can be classified into two types :
-Smriti literature includes Vedangas, Veda Upangas, Itihasa and Puranas. However, smritis can be classified into two types :
+# Define Code of Conduct : In them are defined the different Varnaashrama dharmas, aspects of relationship between man and woman, Raja dharmas, Rules about consumption of food (activities of daily life), Pujas and Rituals, Yagnas and yaagas, Shraddha karma for the deceased, judiciary rules. Example : Dharma sutras of Manu and Yagnavalkya.
 # Expound Sastras : Some texts contain information related to one subject such as Panini's Ashtadhyayi for Vyakarana, Gautama sutras in the Nyaya sastra.
 ==== ॥ Itihasas ====

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 Smritis are texts derived from Shrutis (Vedas, which are the highest authority) that contain social, economic and political guidelines along with the prayaschittas for deviating from the code of conduct. They are said to be composed by rishis or seers and reflect the vedic principles to be put into use in daily life. One who practices the karma according to codes given in smritis is called Smartha.  There are
 # Ashtadasa Smritis: 18 Smritis are Manusmriti, Brihaspati, Daksha, Gautama, Yama, Angirasa, Yagnavalkya, Prachetasa, Shaatatapa, Paraasara, Samvarta, Aushanasa, Shanka, Likhita, Atreya, Vishnu, Aapastambha, and Hareeta smritis.  Additionally Ushana, Vasishta and Vyasa smritis are present as seen in other texts<ref name=":02" />.
 # Upasmritis : 18 Upasmritis are Kanva, Kapila, Lohita, Devala, Kaatyayana, Lokakshi, Budha, Shaatatapa, Atri, Prachetasa, Daksha, Vishnu, Vrddhavishnu, Vrddhamanu, Dhaumya, Naarada, Paulatsya, and Uttaraangira upasmritis. It may be noted that some names appear in both the Smriti and Upasmriti lists<ref name=":02" />.
 Smriti literature includes Vedangas, Veda Upangas, Itihasa and Puranas. However, smritis can be classified into two types :
 # Define Code of Conduct : In them are defined the different Varnaashrama dharmas, Relationships between people, Raja dharmas, Rules about consumption of food (activities of daily life), Pujas and Rituals, Yagnas and yagas, Shraddha karma for the deceased, judiciary rules. Example : Dharma sutras of Manu and Yagnavalkya.

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 ==== Upanishads ====
 Upanishad is that which is near". Upanishads are called the Jnanakanda of the vedas as they describe the tattva or nature of the Brahman and the different ways to attain Brahman (Panchagnividya). They contain the knowledge about Pranava, Brahma, Atma, Sristhi and paraloukika jnana. Upanishads are many in number with 108 most important ones and for 10 of which Srimad Shankaraacharya has given his commentaries.
-== Vedic Textual structure ==
+== Veda vibhaga Nirmanapaddhati ==
 ==== वैदिकशाकाः ॥ Vaidika Shaakhas ====
 [[वैदिकशाकाः ॥ Vaidika Shaakhas]] are paathantharas or alternate editions of Vedic recitations propounded by different rishis. Known by the names of the rishis they are exclusive versions of veda patha paddhati preserved through guru-shishya parampara.
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 ==== Suktam ====
 A collection of or set of individual Rik mantras on one devata is called Sukta. There are many Suktas in a Mandala and each sukta may contain varying number of mantras. Vaidika suktas characteristically have the following four features : Rishi, Devata, Chandas, and Swara. Example : Nasadiya Suktam. Purusha Suktam.
 ==== Sloka ====

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 Upanishad is that which is near". Upanishads are called the Jnanakanda of the vedas as they describe the tattva or nature of the Brahman and the different ways to attain Brahman (Panchagnividya). They contain the knowledge about Pranava, Brahma, Atma, Sristhi and paraloukika jnana. Upanishads are many in number with 108 most important ones and for 10 of which Srimad Shankaraacharya has given his commentaries.
 == Vedic Textual structure ==
 ==== वैदिकशाकाः ॥ Vaidika Shaakhas ====
 [[वैदिकशाकाः ॥ Vaidika Shaakhas]] are paathantharas or alternate editions of Vedic recitations propounded by different rishis. Known by the names of the rishis they are exclusive versions of veda patha paddhati preserved through guru-shishya parampara.
-==== Mantra ====
+==== मन्त्रः ॥ Mantra ====
 [[Mantra|मन्त्रः ॥ Mantra]] is the fundamental unit of all Vedic literature and a group of mantras form a Sukta, which is the most widely used recitation unit of vedas. Mantra (Samskrit : मन्त्रः) according to Shabdakalpadruma is given as मन्त्र्यते गुप्तं परिभाष्यते इति and the root word is 'मत्रि' in the meaning गुप्तभाषणे । secret conversation<ref>[https://sa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0 Mantra as given in Samskruta Dictionaries of Wikisource]</ref>.
 ==== Anuvaka ====
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 # The Nigamapariśista and the Pravarādhyāya of Kātyāyana are assigned to the Śukla Yajurveda tradition<ref>http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Pari%C5%9Bista</ref>.
 ==== Suktam ====
-A collection of or set of individual Rik mantras on one devata is called Sukta. There are many Suktas in a Mandala and each sukta may contain varying number of mantras. Example : Nasadiya Suktam. Purusha Suktam.
+A collection of or set of individual Rik mantras on one devata is called Sukta. There are many Suktas in a Mandala and each sukta may contain varying number of mantras. Vaidika suktas characteristically have the following four features : Rishi, Devata, Chandas, and Swara. Example : Nasadiya Suktam. Purusha Suktam.
 ==== Sloka ====

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 Vedas have evolved over a period of time and the language and structure of these texts are highly preserved over thousands of years. However, as the vedic literature expanded the need to understand different aspects of them was required and thus developed the study of ancillary subjects such as Vedaangas and Puranas.
-The vast vaidika vaangmaya came to include new terms which where defined in subsequent ages by maharishis. Following are the definitions of some terms associated with vedas and vaidika vaangmaya some of which were not used in the Vedas but came into being in an attempt to understand them. The list is vast and not all compassing, many Vaidika koshas of many volumes contain the inexhaustive compilation of innumerable words that are seen in Veda and vedangas.
+== Vaidika Koshas ==
 == Vaidika granthas ==
 ==== Shrutis ====
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 == Vedic Textual structure ==
 Vaidika mantras characteristically have the following four features : Rishi, Devata, Chandas, and Swara.
-==== Shakha / Sakha ====
+==== वैदिकशाकाः ॥ Vaidika Shaakhas ====
-Vaidika Shakas are paathantharas or alternate editions of Vedic recitations propounded by different rishis. Known by the names of the rishis they are exclusive versions of veda patha paddhati preserved through guru-shishya parampara. Shakhas can be classified into two types
+[[वैदिकशाकाः ॥ Vaidika Shaakhas]] are paathantharas or alternate editions of Vedic recitations propounded by different rishis. Known by the names of the rishis they are exclusive versions of veda patha paddhati preserved through guru-shishya parampara.
 ==== Mantra ====
-Mantras are the fundamental recitation units of all Vedic literature and the most widely used sound forms. Mantra (Samskrit : मन्त्रः) according to Shabdakalpadruma is given as मन्त्र्यते गुप्तं परिभाष्यते इति and the root word is 'मत्रि' in the meaning गुप्तभाषणे । secret conversation<ref>[https://sa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0 Mantra as given in Samskruta Dictionaries of Wikisource]</ref>.
+[[Mantra|मन्त्रः ॥ Mantra]] is the fundamental unit of all Vedic literature and a group of mantras form a Sukta, which is the most widely used recitation unit of vedas. Mantra (Samskrit : मन्त्रः) according to Shabdakalpadruma is given as मन्त्र्यते गुप्तं परिभाष्यते इति and the root word is 'मत्रि' in the meaning गुप्तभाषणे । secret conversation<ref>[https://sa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0 Mantra as given in Samskruta Dictionaries of Wikisource]</ref>.
 ==== Anuvaka ====
 Anuvaka is one classification or grouping of a set of mantras of Rig and Yajurveda.
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 Havishya
 == References ==