Tantrayukti (तन्त्रयुक्तिः) - Revision history

Ckanak93: Adding transliteration for newsletter use

2019-08-30T11:15:40Z

Adding transliteration for newsletter use

Ckanak93: Category

2018-12-28T09:28:12Z

Fordharma: /* Tantrayukti in Literature */

2018-12-03T06:13:05Z

Tantrayukti in Literature

Fordharma: /* Style of Expression and Diction */

2018-11-15T10:14:11Z

Style of Expression and Diction

Fordharma: /* Role of Tantrayuktis */ edited

2018-11-15T10:03:37Z

Role of Tantrayuktis: edited

Fordharma: /* Tantrayuktis with Illustrations */

2018-11-15T09:55:40Z

Tantrayuktis with Illustrations

Fordharma: /* Etymology */

2018-10-19T18:18:33Z

Etymology

Fordharma: /* Number of Tantrayuktis */ added transliteration

2018-10-17T09:17:35Z

Number of Tantrayuktis: added transliteration

Show changes

Fordharma: Adding transliteration

2018-10-17T07:05:51Z

Adding transliteration

Show changes

Fordharma: /* Role of Tantrayuktis */ formating

2018-10-17T06:37:36Z

Role of Tantrayuktis: formating

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 === तन्त्रम् || Tantra ===
-The word tantra is derived from the samskrit root or dhatu तनु विस्तारे in the meanings of 'to stretch', to expand, to diffuse, spread. It is also defined as सिद्धान्तः (siddhanta), ओषधिः (Oshadhi), श्रुतिशाखाविशेषः, हेतुः, उभ-यार्थप्रयोजकम् इतिकर्त्तव्यता इति मेदिनी as per Medini kosha.
+The word tantra is derived from the samskrit root or dhatu तनु विस्तारे | ''tanu vistāre'' in the meanings of 'to stretch', to expand, to diffuse, spread. It is also defined as सिद्धान्तः (siddhanta), ओषधिः (Oshadhi), श्रुतिशाखाविशेषः, हेतुः, उभ-यार्थप्रयोजकम् इतिकर्त्तव्यता इति मेदिनी | ''śrutiśākhāviśeṣaḥ, hetuḥ, ubha-yārthaprayojakam itikarttavyatā iti medinī'' as per Medini kosha.
-It is also expressed in the meaning of 'to compose', 'to write' as per The Student's Sanskrit English Dictionary by V. S. Apte. The traditional definition of the word tantra given in Sarvatantra siddhanta padarthalakshana sangraha by Bhikshu Gaurishankara<ref name=":0" />is as follows<blockquote>तनोति विपुलानर्थान् तत्वमन्त्रसमन्वितान् | त्राणं च कुरुते यस्मात् तन्त्रमित्यभिधीयते ||</blockquote><blockquote>''Thus tantra is that which holds the diffused elements or the expanse of a subject; it is one in which are interwoven different thoughts and theories concerning a scientific subject.''<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>''Tantra can be termed as that which discusses and details subjects and concepts and also that which protects.''<ref name=":2">Mahadevan, Jayaraman (2008) Paper Presentation : ''The Doctrine of Tantrayukti'' at University of Hyderabad, Department of Sanskrit Studies</ref></blockquote>Charaka samhita gives the list of synonyms of the word tantra as तत्रायुर्वेदः शाखा विद्या सूत्रं ज्ञानं शास्त्रं लक्षणं तन्त्रमिति... Tantra is used synonymously with Ayurveda, a branch of veda, vidya (education), sutra (aphorism), jnana (knowledge), shastra, lakshana (definition).<ref name=":2" />
+It is also expressed in the meaning of 'to compose', 'to write' as per The Student's Sanskrit English Dictionary by V. S. Apte. The traditional definition of the word tantra given in Sarvatantra siddhanta padarthalakshana sangraha by Bhikshu Gaurishankara<ref name=":0" />is as follows<blockquote>तनोति विपुलानर्थान् तत्वमन्त्रसमन्वितान् | त्राणं च कुरुते यस्मात् तन्त्रमित्यभिधीयते ||</blockquote><blockquote>''tanoti vipulānarthān tatvamantrasamanvitān | trāṇaṁ ca kurute yasmāt tantramityabhidhīyate ||''</blockquote><blockquote>''Thus tantra is that which holds the diffused elements or the expanse of a subject; it is one in which are interwoven different thoughts and theories concerning a scientific subject.''<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>''Tantra can be termed as that which discusses and details subjects and concepts and also that which protects.''<ref name=":2">Mahadevan, Jayaraman (2008) Paper Presentation : ''The Doctrine of Tantrayukti'' at University of Hyderabad, Department of Sanskrit Studies</ref></blockquote>Charaka samhita gives the list of synonyms of the word tantra as तत्रायुर्वेदः शाखा विद्या सूत्रं ज्ञानं शास्त्रं लक्षणं तन्त्रमिति... | ''tatrāyurvedaḥ śākhā vidyā sūtraṁ jñānaṁ śāstraṁ lakṣaṇaṁ tantramiti...'' Tantra is used synonymously with Ayurveda, a branch of veda, vidya (education), sutra (aphorism), jnana (knowledge), shastra, lakshana (definition).<ref name=":2" />
 Tantra used as a synonym for Shastra (in this context means theory, subject) is that which holds the various aspects of a subject, into which are interwoven different thoughts, objectives, observations and proposals covering the vast expanse of the subject. Many scholars and poets including Mahakavi Kalidasa have used the word tantra to mean 'a scientific work' as mentioned by Prof. W. K. Lele. <ref name=":0" />
 === युक्तिः || Yukti ===
-Yukti (युक्तिः) is a derivative of the the dhatu युज् in the meaning 'to unite', 'join','to employ' etc. The word ''yukti'' is an application, an arrangement, a usage, a means, a device etc.<ref name=":0" /> Sharma has offered an explanation of yukti (युक्तिः) as follows <blockquote>युज्यन्ते सङ्क्ल्प्यन्ते सम्बध्यन्ते परस्परमर्थाः सम्यक्तया प्राकरणिकेऽभिमतेऽर्थे विरोधव्याघातादिदोषमपास्यानया इति युक्तिः | युज् योजने तस्मिन् यक्तिरिति रूपं भवति | </blockquote>Meaning : Yukti is one that removes the imperfections like impropriety, contradiction from the intended meaning and thoroughly unites the meanings (in writings or compositions).Yuj is used to mean 'to arrange'.
+Yukti (युक्तिः) is a derivative of the the dhatu युज् in the meaning 'to unite', 'join','to employ' etc. The word ''yukti'' is an application, an arrangement, a usage, a means, a device etc.<ref name=":0" /> Sharma has offered an explanation of yukti (युक्तिः) as follows <blockquote>युज्यन्ते सङ्क्ल्प्यन्ते सम्बध्यन्ते परस्परमर्थाः सम्यक्तया प्राकरणिकेऽभिमतेऽर्थे विरोधव्याघातादिदोषमपास्यानया इति युक्तिः | युज् योजने तस्मिन् यक्तिरिति रूपं भवति | </blockquote><blockquote>''yujyante saṅklpyante sambadhyante parasparamarthāḥ samyaktayā prākaraṇike'bhimate'rthe virodhavyāghātādidoṣamapāsyānayā iti yuktiḥ | yuj yojane tasmin yaktiriti rūpaṁ bhavati |''</blockquote>Meaning : Yukti is one that removes the imperfections like impropriety, contradiction from the intended meaning and thoroughly unites the meanings (in writings or compositions).Yuj is used to mean 'to arrange'.
 === Meaning ===
-तन्त्रस्य युक्तयस्तन्त्रयुक्तयः |
+तन्त्रस्य युक्तयस्तन्त्रयुक्तयः | ''tantrasya yuktayastantrayuktayaḥ |''
 A yukti thus means an inevitable tool, a scientific one, an indispensable device employed in composing a scientific treatise.<ref name=":0" /> Tantrayukti, is therefore, a device of the tantra (shastra). Dr. Jayaraman mentions the various terms in which scholars, both Indian and Western have rendered tantrayukti as follows<ref name=":2" />
@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 All Bharatiya shastras, have been composed based on the tantrayukti system. One can see the application of Tantrayuktis in the composition of scientific literature such as Nyaya, Mimamsa, Vyakarana, Arthashastra, Ayurveda, Alankarashastra and Kamashastra. Such a study of methodological application is relevant to modern day studies, experiments and sciences. Here a few applications of tantrayuktis in ancient shastras is described.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":32" />
 # Charaka Samhita (Ayurveda) is the first recorded evidence where Tantrayukti is dealt with. A seminal work on Ayurveda, it comprises of eight Sthanas containing 9295 sutras, of which the eighth sthana called as siddhisthana, has enumerated about 36 tantrayuktis as given in the table given above.
-# [[Sushruta Samhita]] (Surgical Medicine), a renowned text on Sastrachikitsa (Surgery) composed by Sushruta, has about six sthanas with 8300 sutras in total. Thirtytwo tantrayuktis are detailed in the sixtyfifth adhyaya by Sushruta.
+# [[Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता)|Sushruta Samhita]] (Surgical Medicine), a renowned text on Sastrachikitsa (Surgery) composed by Sushruta, has about six sthanas with 8300 sutras in total. Thirtytwo tantrayuktis are detailed in the sixtyfifth adhyaya by Sushruta.
 # Ashtangasangraha (Ayurveda) written by Vagbhata (a second text called Ashtangahrdaya)  mentions 36 tantrayuktis in the 50th adhyaya if the Uttarasthana. Ashtangahrdaya also mentions Tantrayuktis.
 # Vishnudarmottara Purana, enumerates 32 tantrayuktis in the sixth adhyaya of the third kanda.
@@ Line 416: / Line 416: @@
 == Role of Tantrayuktis ==
-Charaka aptly summarizes the role of tantrayuktis as follows<blockquote>यथाऽम्बुजवनस्यार्कः प्रदीपो वेश्मनो यथा ॥ 46</blockquote><blockquote>प्रबोध (न) प्रकाशार्थास्तथा तन्त्रस्य युक्तयः । एकस्मिन्नपि यस्येह शास्त्रे लब्दास्पदा मतिः॥ 47</blockquote><blockquote>स शास्त्रमन्यदप्याशु युक्तिज्ञत्वात् प्रबुध्यते ।  </blockquote>Meaning : Just as the sun causes a bed of lotuses to blossom, just a a lamp lights up a house, so also the tantrayuktis shed light on the meanings of the scientific subjects. He who gains a thorough knowledge of a shastra along with these tantrayuktis can quickly gain knowledge of another discipline too because of युक्तिज्ञत्वम् । knowledge of yuktis.
+Charaka aptly summarizes the role of tantrayuktis as follows<blockquote>यथाऽम्बुजवनस्यार्कः प्रदीपो वेश्मनो यथा ॥ 46</blockquote><blockquote>प्रबोध (न) प्रकाशार्थास्तथा तन्त्रस्य युक्तयः । एकस्मिन्नपि यस्येह शास्त्रे लब्दास्पदा मतिः॥ 47</blockquote><blockquote>स शास्त्रमन्यदप्याशु युक्तिज्ञत्वात् प्रबुध्यते ।  </blockquote><blockquote>''yathā'mbujavanasyārkaḥ pradīpo veśmano yathā ॥ 46''</blockquote><blockquote>''prabodha (na) prakāśārthāstathā tantrasya yuktayaḥ । ekasminnapi yasyeha śāstre labdāspadā matiḥ॥ 47''</blockquote><blockquote>''sa śāstramanyadapyāśu yuktijñatvāt prabudhyate ।''</blockquote>Meaning : Just as the sun causes a bed of lotuses to blossom, just a a lamp lights up a house, so also the tantrayuktis shed light on the meanings of the scientific subjects. He who gains a thorough knowledge of a shastra along with these tantrayuktis can quickly gain knowledge of another discipline too because of युक्तिज्ञत्वम् । knowledge of yuktis.
 Chakrapanidatta further refines Charaka's views by adding that along with bringing out the full exposition of the scientific topic, tantrayuktis also throw light on the hidden meaning of the content. By learning these, a medical practitioner not only saves himself from injudicious handling but also saves the life of the patient.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:28, 28 December 2018
Line 422:		Line 422:
	Sushruta, clearly states that the purpose of tantrayuktis is two-fold namely, the arrangement of the sentences and the organization of the meanings.<ref name=":0" /> It should be noted that according to the shastra discipline the meanings of these Tantrayuktis may be varied.		Sushruta, clearly states that the purpose of tantrayuktis is two-fold namely, the arrangement of the sentences and the organization of the meanings.<ref name=":0" /> It should be noted that according to the shastra discipline the meanings of these Tantrayuktis may be varied.
	== References ==		== References ==
		+	<references />
		+	[[Category:Shastras]]

@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 All Bharatiya shastras, have been composed based on the tantrayukti system. One can see the application of Tantrayuktis in the composition of scientific literature such as Nyaya, Mimamsa, Vyakarana, Arthashastra, Ayurveda, Alankarashastra and Kamashastra. Such a study of methodological application is relevant to modern day studies, experiments and sciences. Here a few applications of tantrayuktis in ancient shastras is described.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":32" />
 # Charaka Samhita (Ayurveda) is the first recorded evidence where Tantrayukti is dealt with. A seminal work on Ayurveda, it comprises of eight Sthanas containing 9295 sutras, of which the eighth sthana called as siddhisthana, has enumerated about 36 tantrayuktis as given in the table given above.
-# Sushruta Samhita (Surgical Medicine), a renowned text on Sastrachikitsa (Surgery) composed by Sushruta, has about six sthanas with 8300 sutras in total. Thirtytwo tantrayuktis are detailed in the sixtyfifth adhyaya by Sushruta.
+# [[Sushruta Samhita]] (Surgical Medicine), a renowned text on Sastrachikitsa (Surgery) composed by Sushruta, has about six sthanas with 8300 sutras in total. Thirtytwo tantrayuktis are detailed in the sixtyfifth adhyaya by Sushruta.
 # Ashtangasangraha (Ayurveda) written by Vagbhata (a second text called Ashtangahrdaya)  mentions 36 tantrayuktis in the 50th adhyaya if the Uttarasthana. Ashtangahrdaya also mentions Tantrayuktis.
 # Vishnudarmottara Purana, enumerates 32 tantrayuktis in the sixth adhyaya of the third kanda.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 * आश्रयानि (''āśrayāni)''॥ 20 Ashrayas
 * ताच्छील्यानि (''tācchīlyāni)''॥17 Taatchilyas
-A brief introduction of the above [[Shastra Rachana Paddhati (शास्त्ररचनापद्धतिः)|shastra rachana paddhatis]] contain various elements of writing and presentation of shastras, and of them the most important, Tantrayukti will be undertaken in this topic. It may be noted that many modern day scholars including those in the West have studied about Tantrayukti in different perspectives.
+A brief introduction of the above [[Shastra Rachana Paddhati (शास्त्ररचनापद्धतिः)|shastra rachana paddhatis]] contain various elements of writing and presentation of shastras, and of them the most important, Tantrayukti will be undertaken in this topic. It may be noted that many modern day scholars including those in the West have studied about Tantrayukti in different perspectives. Tantra yuktis are also discussed extensively in Vyakarana, Nyaya, Mimamsa, and Vedanta darshanas to explain the respective theories. Here in this context Ayurveda usage of Tantra yuktis are more applicable.
 == व्युत्पत्तिः|| Etymology ==
 Tantrayukti (तन्त्रयुक्तिः), an uncommon word, yet practically applied by all Bharatiya shastrakaras, includes a set of research tools for the composition of shastras. तन्त्रयुक्तिः is comprised of two words तन्त्र (tantra) and युक्तिः (yukti).
 === तन्त्रम् || Tantra ===
@@ Line 313: / Line 313: @@
 A treatise loses its focus when the language is verbose distracting the reader away from the intent of the author. A crisp, unambiguous presentation is essential for any scientific work or even while presenting an abstract concept. An author familiar with the following Tantrayuktis will be well guided to present an orderly and crisp work.
 * वाक्यशेषः ॥ Sentence completion
-* अर्थापत्तिः ॥ Implication
+* अर्थापत्तिः ॥ Presumption
 * समुच्चयः ॥ Collection
 * अतिक्रान्तावेक्षणम् ॥ reference to a past statement
@@ Line 320: / Line 320: @@
 == Tantrayuktis with Illustrations ==
-In this section we present the list of tantrayuktis with at least one definition (though each yukti has other meanings given by different scholars), their explanation in english with one illustration of the concept (mostly from poetry and ayurveda).<ref name=":0" />
+In this section we present the list of tantrayuktis with at least one definition (though each yukti has other meanings given by different scholars), their explanation in English with one illustration of the concept (mostly from poetry and ayurveda).<ref name=":0" />
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Tantrayuktis and their Explanation
@@ Line 420: / Line 420: @@
 Chakrapanidatta further refines Charaka's views by adding that along with bringing out the full exposition of the scientific topic, tantrayuktis also throw light on the hidden meaning of the content. By learning these, a medical practitioner not only saves himself from injudicious handling but also saves the life of the patient.
-Sushruta, clearly states that the purpose of tantrayuktis is two-fold namely, the arrangement of the sentences and the organization of the meanings.<ref name=":0" />
+Sushruta, clearly states that the purpose of tantrayuktis is two-fold namely, the arrangement of the sentences and the organization of the meanings.<ref name=":0" /> It should be noted that according to the shastra discipline the meanings of these Tantrayuktis may be varied.
 == References ==

@@ Line 403: / Line 403: @@
 |<nowiki>उद्देशः || </nowiki>''uddeśaḥ''
 |NA
-|समासवाक्यमुद्देशः - विद्याविनयहेतुरिन्द्रियजयः इति । (Arthashastra)
+|उद्देशो नाम सङ्क्षेपाभिधानम् । यथा वायुः पित्तं कफश्चेति त्रयो दोषाः समासतः। (Ashtangahrdaya)
-|A collective, cohesive statement, a brief statement of the topic to be discussed.
+|A brief statement of the topic to be discussed.
 |Bhamaha introduces the five alamkaras in the short karika : अनुप्रासः सयमको रूपकं दीपकोपमे । इति वाचामलङ्काराः पञ्चैवान्यैरुदाहृताः॥ Anuprasa, Yamaka, Rupaka, Dipaka and Upama are the five figures of speech.
 |-

@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 |-
 |6
-|<nowiki>उद्धेशः || </nowiki>''uddhēśaḥ''
+|<nowiki>उद्देशः || </nowiki>''uddeśaḥ''
 |<nowiki>उद्धेशः || </nowiki>''uddhēśaḥ''
 |<nowiki>निर्देशः || </nowiki>''nirdēśaḥ''
@@ Line 331: / Line 331: @@
 |-
 |1
-|अतिक्रान्तावेक्षणम्
+|<nowiki>अतिक्रान्तावेक्षणम् || </nowiki>''atikrāntāvēkṣaṇam''
 |अतीतावेक्षा
 |यत्पूर्वमुक्तं तदतिक्रान्तावेक्षणम् । (Sushruta Samhita)
@@ Line 338: / Line 338: @@
 |-
 |2
-|अतिदेशः
+|<nowiki>अतिदेशः || </nowiki>''atidēśaḥ''
 |NA
 |अन्यसम्बन्धिनां धर्माणामन्यत्रव्यवस्थापनमतिदेशः। (Tantrayukti Vichara)
@@ Line 345: / Line 345: @@
 |-
 |3
-|अधिकरणम्
+|<nowiki>अधिकरणम् || </nowiki>''adhikaraṇam''
 |NA
 |अधिकरणं नाम यमर्थमधिकृत्य प्रवर्तते कर्ता । (Charaka Samhita)
@@ Line 352: / Line 352: @@
 |-
 |4
-|अनागतावेक्षणम्
+|<nowiki>अनागतावेक्षणम् || </nowiki>''anāgatāvēkṣaṇam''
 |अनागतावेक्षा, अनागतापेक्षा
 |अनागतं भविष्यद्यत्तस्यावेक्षा यथोच्यते । (Tantrayukti)
@@ Line 359: / Line 359: @@
 |-
 |5
-|अनुमतम् ''anumatam''
+|<nowiki>अनुमतम् || </nowiki>''anumatam''
 |NA
 |परपक्षस्य भिन्नस्याप्यङ्गीकरणमनुमतम् ।(Tantrayukti Vichara)
@@ Line 366: / Line 366: @@
 |-
 |6
-|अपदेशः
+|<nowiki>अपदेशः || </nowiki>''apadēśaḥ''
 |NA
 |अपदेशो नाम यत्प्रतिज्ञार्थसाधनाय हेतुवचनम् । (Tantrayukti Vichara)
@@ Line 380: / Line 380: @@
 |-
 |8
-|अर्थापत्तिः
+|<nowiki>अर्थापत्तिः || </nowiki>''arthāpattiḥ''
 |NA
 |अर्थापत्तिर्नाम यदेकस्मिन्नर्थे उच्यमाने अनुक्तस्याप्यर्थस्य बलादागमनं सार्थापत्तिः । (Tantrayukti Vichara)
@@ Line 387: / Line 387: @@
 |-
 |9
-|पूर्वपक्षः
+|<nowiki>पूर्वपक्षः || </nowiki>''pūrvapakṣaḥ''
 |NA
 |प्रतिषेधवचनं पूर्वपक्षः। (Vishnudharmottara Purana)
@@ Line 394: / Line 394: @@
 |-
 |10
-|उत्तरपक्षः
+|<nowiki>उत्तरपक्षः || </nowiki>''uttarapakṣaḥ''
 |निर्णयः
 |तस्य निर्णयवाक्यमुत्तरपक्षः। (Arthashastra)
@@ Line 401: / Line 401: @@
 |-
 |11
-|उद्देशः
+|<nowiki>उद्देशः || </nowiki>''uddeśaḥ''
 |NA
 |समासवाक्यमुद्देशः - विद्याविनयहेतुरिन्द्रियजयः इति । (Arthashastra)
@@ Line 408: / Line 408: @@
 |-
 |12
-|उपदेशः
+|<nowiki>उपदेशः || </nowiki>''upadēśaḥ''
 |NA
 |उपदेशो नाम आप्तानुशासनं, यथा - स्नेहमग्रे प्रयुञ्जीत ततः स्वेदमनन्तरम् इत्यादि । (Charaka Samhita)

@@ Line 277: / Line 277: @@
 # Tantrayuktivichara by Nilamegha (Ayurveda Practitioner from Kerala), a later day text considers 36 tantrayuktis in detail, based on Vagbhata's exposition.
 # Nyayasutra bhashyam, by Vatsayana, also mentions about a tantrayukti called Anumata, while discussing the fourth sutra of the first ahnika in the first chapter of Gautama's Nyayasutras.<ref name=":2" />
 == Tantrayukti Salient Features ==
 Almost all aspects required for writing a systematic and compact treatise are discussed by yuktis. A few illustrations presented by Dr. Jayaraman, in his paper<ref name=":2" /> are given here.
@@ Line 328: / Line 320: @@
 == Tantrayuktis with Illustrations ==
-In this section we present the list of tantrayuktis with at least one definition (though each yukti has other meanings given by different scholars), their explanation in english with one illustration of the concept (mostly from poetry and ayurveda).
+In this section we present the list of tantrayuktis with at least one definition (though each yukti has other meanings given by different scholars), their explanation in english with one illustration of the concept (mostly from poetry and ayurveda).<ref name=":0" />
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Tantrayuktis and their Explanation
@@ Line 423: / Line 415: @@
 |}
 == References ==