Samasa (समासः) - Revision history

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== What is a समास ? ==
० The process of two पदऽ combining to become one पद is called समास

० The resultant is called समस्तपद. This समस्तपद will have only ONE primary meaning.

Eg: दशरथस्य पुत्रः रामः => दशरथपुत्रः रामः दशरथपुत्र is the समस्तपद.

० In this example the primary meaning is राम. Primary meaning is called the प्रधानार्थः. The expansion of the समस्तपद to understand the meaning is called विग्रह-वाक्य Eg: दशरथस्य पुत्रः.

== Conditions to initiate a Samasa ==
० Can any two पदऽ join to make a समस्तपद ?

No.

० Then ?

Three conditions have to be satisfied.

   ० The two पदऽ should be सुबन्त-पदऽ

   ० They should have सामर्थ्य

   ० A prescribing सूत्र

== सामर्थ्य ==
० If the पदऽ are meaningfully related (अन्वित) then they both are having सामर्थ्य .

Eg: दशरथस्य पुत्रः रामः गच्छति ।

राम is पुत्र of दशरथ so they both have सामर्थ्य

० If the पदऽ are NOT meaningfully related (अन्वित) then they both do NOT have सामर्थ्य.

Eg : पश्य किरीटं दशरथस्य पुत्रः सुग्रीवस्य आग्च्छति । Even though the two words दशरथस्य and पुत्रः are in proximity but they are not meaningfully related in this context. दशरथ is related with किरीट not with पुत्र. Hence, these two words दशरथ and पुत्र do NOT have सामर्थ्य ।

० After the पदऽ join, if the समस्तपद has one single meaning then they both are having सामर्थ्य.

Eg : The दशरथपुत्रः has one meaning that of पुत्र i.e राम, so they both have the सामर्थ्य .

दशरथस्य पुत्रः रामः आगच्छति ।

दशरथपुत्रः रामः आगच्छति ।

=== सामर्थ्यं नास्ति ===
० There is no सामार्थ्य When there is सापेक्षा ।

Eg: शूरस्य दशरथस्य पुत्रः

० If we make the समास दशरथस्य पुत्रः = दशरथपुत्रः => then the शूर-पद that has expectation of दशरथ-पद , will not be available, therefore दशरथ-पद has NO सामर्थ्य to have समास with पुत्र-पद.

Hence we cannot make a समास.

It is said that

सापेक्षम् असमर्थम् भवति ।

== समास - Process ==
Let us take two सुबन्त-पदऽ - दशरथस्य and पुत्रः that are combined to become one single समस्तपद - दशरथपुत्रः

० Both सुबन्तऽ drop the विभक्ति and take the प्रातिपदिक form.

   ० दशरथस्य => दशरथ

   ० पुत्रः => पुत्र

० Both प्रातिपदिकऽ are combined to become single प्रातिपदिक - दशरथ + पुत्र = दशरथपुत्र

० Then विभक्ति is added to make it a सुबन्त-पद - दशरथपुत्रः

० The first पद in the समस्तपद is called पूर्वपद , second one is called उत्तरपद .

== Structure of समास-विधायक-सूत्र ==
० The समास-विधायक-सूत्र will have atleast two words one in प्रथमा-विभक्ति and one in तृतीया-विभक्ति.

० अधिकार of the समास-संज्ञा, समास-विधा-संज्ञा

० अनुवृत्ति of सुप् सुपा विभाषा etc

The general structure would be -

<प्रथमा-विभक्ति><तृतीया-विभक्ति> <समास-विधा-संज्ञा> समास

Meaning - the सुबन्त mentioned in प्रथमा-विभक्ति will be able to make a समास with the सुबन्त mentioned in तृतीया-विभक्ति if there is सामर्थ्य. समाससंज्ञा would be based on which अधिकार the सूत्र is in.

० Eg: द्वितीया श्रितातीतपतितगतात्यस्तप्राप्तापन्नैः (समास तत्पुरुषः) (सुप् सुपा विभाषा)

द्वितीया is in प्रथमा-विभक्ति and श्रितातीतपतितगतात्यस्तप्राप्तापन्नैः तृतीया-विभक्ति.

In the अधिकार of the तत्पुरुष, समास and अनुवृत्ति of सुप् सुपा विभाषा

० Meaning of the sutra is - द्वितीया-विभक्त्यन्त-सुबन्त will be able to make a समास with the सुबन्तऽ

श्रित-अतीत-पतित-गत-अत्यस्त-प्राप्त-आपन्न if there is सामर्थ्य. This is तत्पुरुष-समास. समास can be done optionally (विभाषा).

Eg : रामः ग्रामं गतः => रामः ग्रामगतः ,

रामः फलं प्राप्तः => रामः फल्प्राप्तः

== Order of पूर्वपद and उत्तरपद ==
० In the समस्तपद, among the two सुबन्त-पदऽ, which one should be पूर्वपद, Wwhich one should be उत्तरपद ?

० The one referred by प्रथमा-विभक्ति in the सूत्र will get a संज्ञा called उपसर्जन , and that having उपसर्जन-संज्ञा will becone पूर्वपद and other one will become उत्तरपद.

० In the previous example, in the sutra, द्वितीया is in प्रथमा-विभक्ति, hence the सुबन्त - ग्रामं which is in द्वितीया-विभक्ति is referred by the word द्वितीया in the सूत्र.

० So, ग्रामं will get the उपसर्जन-संज्ञा. Hence, ग्राम -becomes पूर्वपद in ग्रामं गतः => ग्रामगतः

=== अभ्यास I ===
1. श्रितः कष्टम् 1. दुःखं अतीतः

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. कष्टश्रितः 4. दुःखातीतः

1. प्राप्तः शालां    1. अन्नं भुक्तवान्

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. शालाप्राप्तः 4.

=== अभ्यास II ===
1. नरकं पतितः 1. आपन्ना सुखम्

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. नरकपतितः 4. सुखापन्ना

० समास-विधाः

० तत्पुरुषः

० कर्मधारयः

० द्विगुः

० नञ्

० बहुब्रीहिः

० अव्ययीभावः

० द्वन्द्वः

० कु-गति-प्रादि समास

० उपपद-समास

० समासान्ताः

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:30, 21 September 2022
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	• E.g. गणानां ईशः गणेशः (samaasa), in this गण+ईश => गणेश (अ+ई=ए, sandhi)<ref name=":0" />		• E.g. गणानां ईशः गणेशः (samaasa), in this गण+ईश => गणेश (अ+ई=ए, sandhi)<ref name=":0" />
		+	[[File:11 Samasa Types.PNG\|thumb\|602x602px\|Types of Samasas. Copyright: Sridhar Subbanna.]]

	== समास-विधाः ==		== समास-विधाः ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:59, 13 September 2022
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	• Sandhi is sound-merge, samaasa is meaning-merge. A samaasa formation may involve sandhi if applicable.<ref name=":0" />		• Sandhi is sound-merge, samaasa is meaning-merge. A samaasa formation may involve sandhi if applicable.<ref name=":0" />
		+
		+	== References ==
	[[Category:Vyakarana]]		[[Category:Vyakarana]]

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 ० उपपद-समास
-० समासान्ताः
+== समासान्ताः ==
 [[Category:Vyakarana]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:38, 9 September 2022
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	० समासान्ताः		० समासान्ताः
		+	[[Category:Vyakarana]]

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 . नरकपतितः                   4. सुखापन्ना
-० समास-विधाः
+== समास-विधाः ==
 ० तत्पुरुषः