Rgvedic Dialogue Hymns (ऋग्वैदिकसंवादसूक्तानि) - Revision history

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Summary of the Sukta: editing

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Agastya Lopamudra Samvada (1.179)

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Samvada Suktas

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{{ToBeEdited}}The '''[[Rigveda]]''' contains a number of '''dialogue hymns''', hymns that are in the form of [[dialogue]]s, representing the earliest surviving sample of this genre, and can be argued to be an early precursor of [[Sanskrit drama]]. They are found in the youngest part of the Rigveda ([[Mandala 1|RV 1]] and [[Mandala 10|RV 10]]) with the exception of the older River hymn ([[Mandala 3|RV 3]].33), where the rivers answer in reply to Vishvamitra's prayer.
*1.179 [[Agastya]] and [[Lopamudra]] (5 [[trishtubh]]s, 1 [[brhati]])
*3.33 [[Vishvamitra]] and the [[Rigvedic rivers|Rivers]] (12 trishtubhs, 1 [[anushtubh]])
*10.10: dialogue of [[Yama and Yami]] (12 anushtubhs)
*10.51 [[Agni]] and the gods (9 trishtubhs)
*10.86 [[Sachi|Indrani]], [[Indra]], the "he-ape" [[Vrshakapi]] and his wife
*10.95: dialogue of [[Pururavas]] and [[Urvashi]] (18 trishtubhs)
*10.183: dialogue between the sacrificer and his wife (3 trishtubhs)

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 === Agastya Lopamudra Samvada (1.179) ===
-Mandala 1 Sukta 179 in Rigveda contains 6 mantras having the dialogue between Agastya and his wife, Lopamudra. According to the Anukramani, the first two mantras were given by Lopamudra, the next two by Agastya and the last two were by Agastya's pupil. The legend may be called as a 'sage legend'. We find this dialogue in the Vanaparva of the Mahabharata in a different way.<ref>Mahanta, Anupama. (1995) Ph.D Thesis Title: [http://hdl.handle.net/10603/66689 ''The dialogue hymns of the rgveda - a critical study''] Gauhati University (Chapters 2 and 3)</ref>
+Mandala 1 Sukta 179 in Rigveda contains 6 mantras having the dialogue between Agastya and his wife, Lopamudra. According to the Anukramani, the first two mantras were given by Lopamudra, the next two by Agastya and the last two were by Agastya's pupil. The legend may be called as a 'sage legend'. We find this dialogue in the Vanaparva of the Mahabharata in a different way.<ref name=":2">Mahanta, Anupama. (1995) Ph.D Thesis Title: [http://hdl.handle.net/10603/66689 ''The dialogue hymns of the rgveda - a critical study''] Gauhati University (Chapters 2 and 3)</ref> As the subject matter of this sukta is conjugal pleasure, Rati is the devata for this sukta.<ref name=":2" />
 ==== Summary of the Sukta ====
-Agastya and his wife, Lopamudra lived a pious life. Lopamudra speaks that they have passed many autumns together. Both lived the life of Brahmacharya for a long time. One day Lopamudra by the influence of Kama (desire) invites the caress of her husband Agastya for conjugal pleasure. Agastya also feels an attraction towards her and accepts her wish.
+Agastya and his wife, Lopamudra lived a pious life. Lopamudra speaks that they have passed many autumns together. Both lived the life of Brahmacharya for a long time. One day Lopamudra by the influence of Kama (desire) invites the caress of her husband Agastya for conjugal pleasure. Agastya also feels an attraction towards her and accepts her wish.     <blockquote>पू॒र्वीर॒हं श॒रद॑: शश्रमा॒णा दो॒षा वस्तो॑रु॒षसो॑ ज॒रय॑न्तीः । मि॒नाति॒ श्रियं॑ जरि॒मा त॒नूना॒मप्यू॒ नु पत्नी॒र्वृष॑णो जगम्युः ॥१ (Rig. Veda. 1.179.1)    </blockquote>Lopamudra says: For many years, days and nights, with self control I have been performing Tapas. Now the shine of the youth is gradually lost with increasing age. Before the onset of old age a wife should always approach her husband at appropriate time.
 Agastya replies that the tapas they have endured is not gone in vain and the devatas will always protect them. He says, "We have defeated all enemies, now we will even be victorious in the "hundred year" war (meaning the oldage problems at the age of hundred years). Let us enjoy our conjugal union. Kama has approached me a jitendriya (one who has control over his senses) from many ways. Come into my arms." The last mantra of the sukta is said to have been uttered by Agastya's antevasi or pupil, however some believe that it is Agastya's mantra. He is feeling remorse that he had broken his vow and may get papa (sin). He asks for the forgiveness of his broken vow as being a human, the mind has many hidden desires.<ref name=":0" />

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 == Samvada Suktas in Rigveda ==
-Samvada suktas found in Rigveda include<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">Dvivedi, Kapil Dev. (2000) ''Vaidika Sahitya evam Samskrti (Vedic Literature and Culture).'' Varanasi: Vishvavidyalaya Prakashan. (Pages 44-61)</ref>
+The samvada suktas are dialogue or conversational style, a discussion format of presenting material on various topics. They contain diverse material pertaining to history, social and philosophical topics. Some scholars mention these as Akhyana suktas i.e., narratives. The conversations take place between devatas, devis, rshis, rshipatni (wives of seers), animals, rivers, apsaras, rajas, yuvarajas, rtviks, brahmacharis, and asuras to name a few.<ref name=":1">Mahanta, Anupama. (1995) Ph.D Thesis Title: [http://hdl.handle.net/10603/66689 ''The dialogue hymns of the rgveda - a critical study''] Gauhati University (Chapter 1: Introduction)</ref>
 #Indra Marut Samvada - 1.165
 #Indra Agastya Samvada - 1.170
@@ Line 12: / Line 18: @@
 #Vishvamitra Nadi Samvada - 3.33
 #Indra Aditi Vamadeva Samvada - 4.19
 #Vasishta Vasishtaputra Samvada - 7.33
 #Vasishta Sudas Samvada - 7.83
-#Indra Nema Samvada 8.100
+#Indra Nema-Bhargava Samvada 8.100
 #[[Yama Yami Samvada (यम यमि सम्वादः)]] - 10.10
-#Indra Vasukapatni Samvada - 10.28
+#Indra Vasukra Samvada - 10.27
 #Agni Devagana Samvada - 10. 51 to 53
 #Indra Indrani Vrshakapi Samvada - 10.86
 #[[Pururava Urvashi Samvada (पुरुरवा-ऊर्वशी संवादः)]] - 10.95
 #[[Sarama Pani Samvada (सरमापणिसंवादः)]] - 10.108
-Some suktas are said to be in the samvada shaili (style) of presentation although the Anukramanika does not mention so.
+#Indra Agni Samvada - 10.124
 == Summary of Important Samvada Suktas ==
@@ Line 49: / Line 59: @@
 === Agastya Lopamudra Samvada (1.179) ===
-Mandala 1 Sukta 179 in Rigveda contains 6 mantras having the dialogue between Agastya and his wife, Lopamudra. According to the Anukramani, the first two mantras were given by Lopamudra, the next two by Agastya and the last two were by Agastya's pupil.
+Mandala 1 Sukta 179 in Rigveda contains 6 mantras having the dialogue between Agastya and his wife, Lopamudra. According to the Anukramani, the first two mantras were given by Lopamudra, the next two by Agastya and the last two were by Agastya's pupil. The legend may be called as a 'sage legend'. We find this dialogue in the Vanaparva of the Mahabharata in a different way.<ref>Mahanta, Anupama. (1995) Ph.D Thesis Title: [http://hdl.handle.net/10603/66689 ''The dialogue hymns of the rgveda - a critical study''] Gauhati University (Chapters 2 and 3)</ref>
-Summary of the Sukta
+Lopamudra says: For many years, days and nights, with self control I have been performing Tapas. Now the shine of the youth is gradually lost with increasing age. Before the onset of old age a wife should always approach her husband at appropriate time.
-Agastya and his wife, Lopamudra lived a pious life
+Agastya replies that the tapas they have endured is not gone in vain and the devatas will always protect them. He says, "We have defeated all enemies, now we will even be victorious in the "hundred year" war (meaning the oldage problems at the age of hundred years). Let us enjoy our conjugal union. Kama has approached me a jitendriya (one who has control over his senses) from many ways. Come into my arms." The last mantra of the sukta is said to have been uttered by Agastya's antevasi or pupil, however some believe that it is Agastya's mantra. He is feeling remorse that he had broken his vow and may get papa (sin). He asks for the forgiveness of his broken vow as being a human, the mind has many hidden desires.<ref name=":0" />
 == References ==
 [[Category:Rigveda]]
 [[Category:Samvadas]]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 The commentaries for the samvada suktas indicate natural phenomenon in the Brahmana granthas, Nirukta, other texts such as Brhaddevata. Many western scholars have studied the samvada suktas to express other perspectives of the suktas such as the spiritual and ethical aspects. Samvada style of presenting mantra meanings are specifically found in the Rigveda. In Yajurveda and Atharvaveda we rarely find the samvada suktas while in Samaveda a clear such sukta is not found.
-== Samvada Suktas ==
+== Samvada Suktas in Rigveda ==
 Samvada suktas found in Rigveda include<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">Dvivedi, Kapil Dev. (2000) ''Vaidika Sahitya evam Samskrti (Vedic Literature and Culture).'' Varanasi: Vishvavidyalaya Prakashan. (Pages 44-61)</ref>
 #Indra Marut Samvada - 1.165
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 In a yajna that Agasthya conducted both Indra and Marutgana are present to receive the havishya offerings. Indra observes the Marutganas and offers few words of praise for them, "Maruts who are of same age and splendor are quite strong. On whose wish they are here? whose invitation did they hear? How much can praise the greatness of these Maruts who travel with great speeds just like the Syena birds." Marutganas hearing these words, think that Indra cannot be victorious over [[Vrtrasura (वृत्रासुरः)|Vrtrasura]] nor can cause rains without our help. Overcome with Ahankara or pride they ask Indra about the purpose behind such a praise. Annoyed Indra tells them that he does not need any subordinates nor the Maruts and indulges self praise and boasting about his greatness. Indra is powerful, fierce and omnipotent. He is an expert in warfare capable of destroying his enemies with ease. The Maruts are also powerful supporting Indra in wars as well as in fighting wars independently, so they did not like Indra treating them lowly. When Indra reiterates his might the Maruts bow down and offer worship to Indra. Agastya worships the Maruts and asks them for their benevolence.
-In the context of Sukta 170 of Mandala 1, having 5 mantras, Indra is disturbed that Agastya is paying more attention to offer havishya to Maruts rather than to him. Here we find the description of lower human nature such as jealousy and intolerance towards others. Agastya notices Indra's anger towards himself for offering havishya to his brothers, the Maruts. Indra then blesses Agastya that havishya offered to both himself and Maruts without any neglect and dissent will bring about auspicious merits to him.     <blockquote>त्वमी॑शिषे वसुपते॒ वसू॑नां॒ त्वं मि॒त्राणां॑ मित्रपते॒ धेष्ठ॑: ।
+In the context of Sukta 170 of Mandala 1, having 5 mantras, Indra is disturbed that Agastya is paying more attention to offer havishya to Maruts rather than to him. Here we find the description of lower human nature such as jealousy and intolerance towards others. Agastya notices Indra's anger towards himself for offering havishya to his brothers, the Maruts. Indra then blesses Agastya that havishya offered to both himself and Maruts without any neglect and dissent will bring about auspicious merits to him.     <blockquote>त्वमी॑शिषे वसुपते॒ वसू॑नां॒ त्वं मि॒त्राणां॑ मित्रपते॒ धेष्ठ॑: । इन्द्र॒ त्वं म॒रुद्भि॒: सं व॑द॒स्वाध॒ प्राशा॑न ऋतु॒था ह॒वींषि॑ ॥५॥ (Rig. Veda. 1.170.5)</blockquote>
 ==== Esoteric Meaning ====
@@ Line 48: / Line 46: @@
 In the Adhyatmika (आध्यात्मिक) perspective, Indra is Jivatma, Maruts are Prana and Agastya is Manas. Sayanacharya's bhasya for the mantras of the sukta 165.1 is as follows.    <blockquote>अत्र इन्द्रमरुतसंवादरूपे सर्वत्र प्राणजीवात्मपरतयापि योजनीयम्। (Sayana Bhasya for Rigveda 1.165.1)    </blockquote>Also it should be recalled that in Sayanacharya's bhashya for Rigveda 6.66.4 mantra, it is stated that the Adhyatmarupa (अध्यात्मारुप - own form) of Maruts is that of Prana and Adhidaivika (आधिदैविक - spiritual form) of Maruts is Vayu. Agastya who symbolizes Manas (mind) cannot disregard the Pranashakti and directly relate with Atma. Nor can he disregard the Atma and associate only with Prana to attain devaloka. By the coordinated efforts of both Prana and Atmashakti can one overcome the obstacles (Vrtra) to attain the higher worlds. To reach the goal a concerted effort of Atma (Indra) and Prana (Maruts) is an absolute requirement and hence both of them are offered havishya.
-Adding the Adhibhoutika perspective of Dayanand bhashya, we have इन्द्र समर्थो राजा - Indra is the Raja. Pt. Satvalekar describes Maruts as courageous Sainik (soldiers). Agastya is the representative of the people. Here again a coordinated effort of both a Raja and Sainik is required for victory over the enemy. After such a war, both of them (Raja and Sainik) are to be honored by the people.
+Adding the Adhibhoutika perspective of Dayanand bhashya, we have इन्द्र समर्थो राजा - Indra is the Raja. Pt. Satvalekar describes Maruts as courageous Sainik (soldiers). Agastya is the representative of the people. Here again a coordinated effort of both a Raja and Sainik is required for victory over the enemy. After such a war, both of them (Raja and Sainik) are to be honored by the people. Hence Agastya had honored both Indra and Maruts equally and wholeheartedly.<ref name=":0" />
 == References ==
 [[Category:Rigveda]]
 [[Category:Samvadas]]

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 Some suktas are said to be in the samvada shaili (style) of presentation although the Anukramanika does not mention so.
-=== Summary of Important Samvada Suktas ===
+== Summary of Important Samvada Suktas ==
-==== Indra Marut Samvada (1.165) and Agastya Indra Samvada (1.170) ====
+=== Indra Marut Samvada (1.165) and Agastya Indra Samvada (1.170) ===
-Mandala 1 Sukta 165 of Rigveda contains the samvada of Indra and Marutganas. It contains 15 mantras. According to Katyayana's Sarvanukramani mantras 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10-12 are from Indra, mantras 3, 5, 7 and 9 are by Maruts and the rest 13, 14 and 15 are by Agastya.
+Mandala 1 Sukta 165 of Rigveda contains the samvada of [[Indra (इन्द्रः)|Indra]] and [[Marut Ganas (मरुद्गणः)|Marutganas]]. It contains 15 mantras. According to Katyayana's Sarvanukramani mantras 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10-12 are from Indra, mantras 3, 5, 7 and 9 are by Maruts and the rest 13, 14 and 15 are by Agastya.
-In a yajna that Agasthya conducted both Indra and Marutgana are present to receive the havishya offerings. Indra observes the Marutganas and offers few words of praise for them, "Maruts who are of same age and splendor are quite strong. On whose wish they are here? whose invitation did they hear? How much can praise the greatness of these Maruts who travel with great speeds just like the Syena birds." Marutganas hearing these words, think that Indra cannot be victorious over Vrtra nor can cause rains without our help. Overcome with Ahankara or pride they ask Indra about the purpose behind such a praise. Annoyed Indra tells them that he does not need any subordinates nor the Maruts and indulges self praise and boasting about his greatness. Indra is powerful, fierce and omnipotent. He is an expert in warfare capable of destroying his enemies with ease. The Maruts are also powerful supporting Indra in wars as well as in fighting wars independently, so they did not like Indra treating them lowly. When Indra reiterates his might the Maruts bow down and offer worship to Indra. Agastya worships the Maruts and asks them for their benevolence.
+==== Sukta Summary ====
-In the context of Sukta 170 of Mandala 1, there are 5 mantras.
+In the context of Sukta 170 of Mandala 1, having 5 mantras, Indra is disturbed that Agastya is paying more attention to offer havishya to Maruts rather than to him. Here we find the description of lower human nature such as jealousy and intolerance towards others. Agastya notices Indra's anger towards himself for offering havishya to his brothers, the Maruts. Indra then blesses Agastya that havishya offered to both himself and Maruts without any neglect and dissent will bring about auspicious merits to him.     <blockquote>त्वमी॑शिषे वसुपते॒ वसू॑नां॒ त्वं मि॒त्राणां॑ मित्रपते॒ धेष्ठ॑: ।
 == References ==
 [[Category:Rigveda]]
 [[Category:Samvadas]]

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 === Summary of Important Samvada Suktas ===
-==== 1. Indra Marut Samvada (1.165) ====
+==== Indra Marut Samvada (1.165) and Agastya Indra Samvada (1.170) ====
 Mandala 1 Sukta 165 of Rigveda contains the samvada of Indra and Marutganas. It contains 15 mantras. According to Katyayana's Sarvanukramani mantras 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10-12 are from Indra, mantras 3, 5, 7 and 9 are by Maruts and the rest 13, 14 and 15 are by Agastya.
 == References ==
 [[Category:Rigveda]]
 [[Category:Samvadas]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{ToBeEdited}}The '''[[Rigveda]]''' contains a number of '''dialogue hymns''', hymns that are in the form of [[dialogue]]s, representing the earliest surviving sample of this genre, and can be argued to be an early precursor of [[Sanskrit drama]]. They are  found in the youngest part of the Rigveda ([[Mandala 1|RV 1]] and [[Mandala 10|RV 10]]) with the exception of the older River hymn ([[Mandala 3|RV 3]].33), where the rivers answer in reply to Vishvamitra's prayer.
+The [[Rigveda (ऋग्वेदः)|Rigveda]] contains a number of samvada suktas where a conversation between two entities (animate and inanimate) is presented in the sukta. It represents the earliest surviving sample of this genre, and can be thought of as an early precursor of Sanskrit poetics and dramaturgy.
-*1.179 [[Agastya]] and [[Lopamudra]] (5 [[trishtubh]]s, 1 [[brhati]])
-*3.33 [[Vishvamitra]] and the [[Rigvedic rivers|Rivers]] (12 trishtubhs, 1 [[anushtubh]])
+Samvada or conversational form is a delightful style of teaching concepts. In the Rigveda we find that such suktas abound with refined linguistic aspects rich in sentiment and emotional expressions along with poetic eloquence. Many scholars have declared that these suktas gave the impetus to subsequent generations to develop the art of dramaturgy. The Vedic samvadas are believed to originate from sources which are either aitihasik (historical) or kavi-kalpana (poetic imagination). Commentators such as Sayanacharya and Madhavaacharya focused on the bringing out the rich poetic and literary aspects instead of paying more attention to the characters or place of the storyline  mentioned in the sukta.<ref name=":0">Dr. Ramnath Vedalankar (1976) ''Vedom ki varnan shailiyan.'' Haridwar: Shraddhanand Shodh Sansthan (Page 152 onwards)</ref>
-*10.10: dialogue of [[Yama and Yami]] (12 anushtubhs)
-*10.51 [[Agni]] and the gods (9 trishtubhs)
+The commentaries for the samvada suktas indicate natural phenomenon in the Brahmana granthas, Nirukta, other texts such as Brhaddevata. Many western scholars have studied the samvada suktas to express other perspectives of the suktas such as the spiritual and ethical aspects. Samvada style of presenting mantra meanings are specifically found in the Rigveda. In Yajurveda and Atharvaveda we rarely find the samvada suktas while in Samaveda a clear such sukta is not found.
-*10.86 [[Sachi|Indrani]], [[Indra]], the "he-ape" [[Vrshakapi]] and his wife
-*10.95: dialogue of [[Pururavas]] and [[Urvashi]] (18 trishtubhs)
+Samvada suktas found in Rigveda include<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">Dvivedi, Kapil Dev. (2000) ''Vaidika Sahitya evam Samskrti (Vedic Literature and Culture).'' Varanasi: Vishvavidyalaya Prakashan. (Pages 44-61)</ref>
-*10.183: dialogue between the sacrificer and his wife (3 trishtubhs)
+#Indra Marut Samvada - 1.165