Panchamahayajnas (पञ्चमहायज्ञाः) - Revision history

Pṛthvī: Text replacement - "spiritual" to "adhyatmik"

2020-03-12T16:58:42Z

Text replacement - "spiritual" to "adhyatmik"

P16459: Yajna

2019-09-22T13:28:16Z

Yajna

Ckanak93: Replaced instances of the word 'sin'

2019-05-28T09:15:46Z

Replaced instances of the word 'sin'

Fordharma at 07:17, 4 February 2019

2019-02-04T07:17:58Z

Pṛthvī: Frame for video

2019-01-09T13:41:16Z

Frame for video

Fordharma: /* संस्काराः || Samskaras */

2019-01-02T09:07:20Z

संस्काराः || Samskaras

P16459 at 14:17, 2 November 2018

2018-11-02T14:17:43Z

WikiSysop at 05:14, 31 October 2018

2018-10-31T05:14:50Z

WikiSysop at 05:13, 31 October 2018

2018-10-31T05:13:47Z

Fordharma at 05:03, 31 October 2018

2018-10-31T05:03:30Z

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-Panchamahayajnas (Samskrit : पञ्चमहायज्ञाः) or the five great yajnas is a very important part of the daily functions of a householder consisting of a set of five-fold duties. The performance of these five [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajnas]] is conducive to the spiritual evolution or growth of a man. An individual in [[Sanatana Dharma (सनातनधर्मः)|Sanatana Dharma]] (सनातनधर्मः) observes these mahayajnas on a daily basis and gradually learns that he is not a separate entity, isolated creature or isolated unit, but is a part of a great whole.
+Panchamahayajnas (Samskrit : पञ्चमहायज्ञाः) or the five great yajnas is a very important part of the daily functions of a householder consisting of a set of five-fold duties. The performance of these five [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajnas]] is conducive to the adhyatmik evolution or growth of a man. An individual in [[Sanatana Dharma (सनातनधर्मः)|Sanatana Dharma]] (सनातनधर्मः) observes these mahayajnas on a daily basis and gradually learns that he is not a separate entity, isolated creature or isolated unit, but is a part of a great whole.
 ==   परिचयः || Introduction ==
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 * सोमयज्ञाः || Somayajnas (7)
-Panchamahayajnas are performed by a person in the [[Grhasthashrama (गृहस्थाश्रमः)|Grhastha ashrama]]. As a student, he obtains knowledge by studying the sacred scriptures given by great Rishis and since he lives in a group or society, he is helped and associated with fellow-beings like friends and relatives. The main goal of students of [[Brahmacharyashrama (ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमः)|Brahmacharya ashrama]] is to absorb all the knowledge, during which time he is supported by the persons already in Grhastha ashrama for food, clothing and shelter and needs of everyday life. The great seers and pitrus (पितृ | ancestors) have to be remembered with gratitude for their contribution to his spiritual development.<ref>[http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/hist/hist_8b.html A Short History of Religious and Philosophic Thought In India] By Swami Krishnananda. Divine Life Society</ref>
+Panchamahayajnas are performed by a person in the [[Grhasthashrama (गृहस्थाश्रमः)|Grhastha ashrama]]. As a student, he obtains knowledge by studying the sacred scriptures given by great Rishis and since he lives in a group or society, he is helped and associated with fellow-beings like friends and relatives. The main goal of students of [[Brahmacharyashrama (ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमः)|Brahmacharya ashrama]] is to absorb all the knowledge, during which time he is supported by the persons already in Grhastha ashrama for food, clothing and shelter and needs of everyday life. The great seers and pitrus (पितृ | ancestors) have to be remembered with gratitude for their contribution to his adhyatmik development.<ref>[http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/hist/hist_8b.html A Short History of Religious and Philosophic Thought In India] By Swami Krishnananda. Divine Life Society</ref>
 Once a Brahmachari crosses this ashrama, his duties become multifold as he enters the Grhastha ashrama. The physical body constitutes the [[Panchabhutas (पञ्चभूत)|panchabhutas]] and is obtained from his parents, nourished by the milk of cows, grains, vegetables and fruits. The Devas and the Pitrus bless him in his endeavors and activities of daily life. The five sense organs, with whose help he conducts his life, are a blessing of the Devas and thus, he learns to be grateful to the Devas who gave him the ability and intellect.
-Protecting sub-human beings such as cattle, dogs, ants, birds, medicinal plants and trees has been an integral system of Sanatana Dharma. The householder on whose shoulders rest the responsibility and well-being of all animate and inanimate, is thus entrusted to care for these speechless beings with due dignity towards them. Food, milk and grains are all provided by this bountiful nature and man owes gratitude to plants and trees with reverence. Thus, in the spiritual evolution of man he learns humility and compassion by providing for and protecting them. Garuda Purana details the importance of Cow not only for providing the material things required for sustenance in this world but greatly stresses the absolute requirement of a Cow, which helps cross the Vaitarini river (a river which is very difficult to cross on the way to Yamaloka), when the soul is transiting from the material world to the spiritual world<ref>[http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/practice/Process.of.Spiritual.Practice.pdf The Process of Spiritual Practice] (Chap 4) By Swami Krishnananda</ref>.
+Protecting sub-human beings such as cattle, dogs, ants, birds, medicinal plants and trees has been an integral system of Sanatana Dharma. The householder on whose shoulders rest the responsibility and well-being of all animate and inanimate, is thus entrusted to care for these speechless beings with due dignity towards them. Food, milk and grains are all provided by this bountiful nature and man owes gratitude to plants and trees with reverence. Thus, in the adhyatmik evolution of man he learns humility and compassion by providing for and protecting them. Garuda Purana details the importance of Cow not only for providing the material things required for sustenance in this world but greatly stresses the absolute requirement of a Cow, which helps cross the Vaitarini river (a river which is very difficult to cross on the way to Yamaloka), when the soul is transiting from the material world to the adhyatmik world<ref>[http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/practice/Process.of.Spiritual.Practice.pdf The Process of Spiritual Practice] (Chap 4) By Swami Krishnananda</ref>.
 Therefore, he owes a fivefold debt to Nature -

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-Panchamahayajnas (Samskrit : पञ्चमहायज्ञाः) or the five great sacrifices is a very important part of the daily functions of a householder consisting of a set of five-fold duties. The performance of these five [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajnas]] is conducive to the spiritual evolution or growth of a man. An individual in [[Sanatana Dharma (सनातनधर्मः)|Sanatana Dharma]] (सनातनधर्मः) observes these mahayajnas on a daily basis and gradually learns that he is not a separate entity, isolated creature or isolated unit, but is a part of a great whole.
+Panchamahayajnas (Samskrit : पञ्चमहायज्ञाः) or the five great yajnas is a very important part of the daily functions of a householder consisting of a set of five-fold duties. The performance of these five [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajnas]] is conducive to the spiritual evolution or growth of a man. An individual in [[Sanatana Dharma (सनातनधर्मः)|Sanatana Dharma]] (सनातनधर्मः) observes these mahayajnas on a daily basis and gradually learns that he is not a separate entity, isolated creature or isolated unit, but is a part of a great whole.
 ==   परिचयः || Introduction ==
-Dharma shastras proclaim that samskaras are a series of sacrifices and ceremonies indicating the passage of various stages of the human life and to signify entry to a particular [[Ashrama Dharma (आश्रमधर्मः)|ashrama]]. All human beings, especially the Dvija (द्विजः । twice born - called so after [[Upanayana (उपनयनम्)|upanayana]]) and Grhasthas (गृहस्थ-s) are required to perform a number of sacrifices with oblations for devatas, ancestors and guardians in accordance with the vedic mantras laid down for a righteous living. Scholars differ in their opinion about the number of samskaras being forty and a few saying 25 and 16.
+Dharma shastras proclaim that samskaras are a series of yajnas and ceremonies indicating the passage of various stages of the human life and to signify entry to a particular [[Ashrama Dharma (आश्रमधर्मः)|ashrama]]. All human beings, especially the Dvija (द्विजः । twice born - called so after [[Upanayana (उपनयनम्)|upanayana]]) and Grhasthas (गृहस्थ-s) are required to perform a number of yajnas with oblations for devatas, ancestors and guardians in accordance with the vedic mantras laid down for a righteous living. Scholars differ in their opinion about the number of samskaras being forty and a few saying 25 and 16.
 == संस्काराः || Samskaras ==
 Forty [[Samskaras (संस्काराः)]] have been prescribed by Gautama Smriti<ref>Kannan. P. R. Translation of Article : [http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/articles/INITIAL%20SAMSKARAS.html Initial Samskaras] from Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham</ref>, as a part of purificatory activities, for not just the physical body but the Jivatma also and for removal of papas (पापम् | sins) accrued in different ways. They are,
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 * nature (including the animate ie. plants and animals and inanimate ie. the panchabhutas) and
 * fellow human beings (for their support in society).
-He must pay back his debt by performing these five sacrifices daily. Further, numerous insects are killed by him unconsciously during walking, sweeping, grinding, cooking, etc. This papa is removed by performance of these five sacrifices.<ref>Mani, Vettam. (1975). ''[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic encyclopaedia : A comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.]'' Delhi:Motilal Banasidass.</ref>
+He must pay back his debt by performing these five yajnas daily. Further, numerous insects are killed by him unconsciously during walking, sweeping, grinding, cooking, etc. This papa is removed by performance of these five yajnas.<ref>Mani, Vettam. (1975). ''[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic encyclopaedia : A comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.]'' Delhi:Motilal Banasidass.</ref>
 In addition to these daily rites, the householder has also to perform certain monthly ceremonies such as offering oblations to the ancestors on the new-moon day and the observance of the vow of Ekadashi (fast on the eleventh day of every lunar fortnight).
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 === देवयज्ञः || Deva Yajna  ===
-<blockquote>तत्र देवयज्ञस्य लक्षणमाह - यदग्नौ जुहोत्यपि समिधं तद्देवयज्ञ: संतिष्ठते - इति ||</blockquote><blockquote>पुरोडाशादिहविर्मुख्यं तदलाभे समिधमप्यग्नौ देवानुद्दिशञ्जुहोतीति यत्सोऽयं देवयज्ञः || (Saya. Bhas.)<ref name=":12">[http://www.vedamu.org/PageViewerImage.aspx?DivId=998 Taittriya Aranyaka] (2.10) with Sayanabhashyam in Pages 144 to 146</ref></blockquote><blockquote>tatra devayajñasya lakṣaṇamāha - yadagnau juhotyapi samidhaṃ taddevayajña: saṃtiṣṭhate - iti ||</blockquote><blockquote>puroḍāśādihavirmukhyaṃ tadalābhe samidhamapyagnau devānuddiśañjuhotīti yatso'yaṃ devayajñaḥ || (Saya. Bhas.)</blockquote>Meaning : The characteristics of Devayajna are now said - Wherein the samidha (समिधः | sacrificial material ) is offered into Agni, that completes Devayajna.  According to [[Sayanacharya (सायनाचार्यः)|Sayanacharya]] (सायणाचार्यः), Purodasha (पुरोडाशः | a special kind of havis made of cooked rice) is to be offered primarily as a ahuti (आहूतिः). However, when that is unavailable, samidha is offered for Devatas and such a practice is called Devayajna.
+<blockquote>तत्र देवयज्ञस्य लक्षणमाह - यदग्नौ जुहोत्यपि समिधं तद्देवयज्ञ: संतिष्ठते - इति ||</blockquote><blockquote>पुरोडाशादिहविर्मुख्यं तदलाभे समिधमप्यग्नौ देवानुद्दिशञ्जुहोतीति यत्सोऽयं देवयज्ञः || (Saya. Bhas.)<ref name=":12">[http://www.vedamu.org/PageViewerImage.aspx?DivId=998 Taittriya Aranyaka] (2.10) with Sayanabhashyam in Pages 144 to 146</ref></blockquote><blockquote>tatra devayajñasya lakṣaṇamāha - yadagnau juhotyapi samidhaṃ taddevayajña: saṃtiṣṭhate - iti ||</blockquote><blockquote>puroḍāśādihavirmukhyaṃ tadalābhe samidhamapyagnau devānuddiśañjuhotīti yatso'yaṃ devayajñaḥ || (Saya. Bhas.)</blockquote>Meaning : The characteristics of Devayajna are now said - Wherein the samidha (समिधः | yajnika material ) is offered into Agni, that completes Devayajna.  According to [[Sayanacharya (सायनाचार्यः)|Sayanacharya]] (सायणाचार्यः), Purodasha (पुरोडाशः | a special kind of havis made of cooked rice) is to be offered primarily as a ahuti (आहूतिः). However, when that is unavailable, samidha is offered for Devatas and such a practice is called Devayajna.
-Deva Yajna, is when ahutis are offered to the celestial beings in the form of milk, ghee, herbs, and camphor offered into the [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]] (अग्निहोत्रम् | sacrificial fire). Havis are the offerings for Devatas made with the utterance of Svaha (स्वाहा) at the end of the mantra. Homa or Havan promotes rains which give good crops and harvest.
+Deva Yajna, is when ahutis are offered to the celestial beings in the form of milk, ghee, herbs, and camphor offered into the [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]] (अग्निहोत्रम् | yajnika agni). Havis are the offerings for Devatas made with the utterance of Svaha (स्वाहा) at the end of the mantra. Homa or Havan promotes rains which give good crops and harvest.
 === पितृयज्ञः || Pitru Yajna  ===
 <blockquote>पितृयज्ञस्य लक्षणमाह - यत्पितृभ्यः स्वधा करोत्यप्यपस्तत्पितृयज्ञः संतिष्ठते-,इति ।</blockquote><blockquote>तत्र पिण्डदानासंभवे जलमात्रमपि पितृभ्यः स्वधाऽस्त्विति स्वधाशब्देन यद्ददाति सोऽयं पितृयज्ञः ---|| (Saya. Bhas)<ref name=":12" /></blockquote><blockquote>pitṛyajñasya lakṣaṇamāha - yatpitṛbhyaḥ svadhā karotyapyapastatpitṛyajñaḥ saṃtiṣṭhate-,iti ।</blockquote><blockquote>tatra piṇḍadānāsaṃbhave jalamātramapi pitṛbhyaḥ svadhā'stviti svadhāśabdena yaddadāti so'yaṃ pitṛyajñaḥ ---|| (Saya. Bhas)</blockquote>According to Sayanacharya, Pitru Yajna, is where Pindapradana (पिण्डप्रदानम् | offering of pindas made of rice) is made into fire with the chanting of svadha (स्वधा), but when that is not possible, even water offered to Pitrus with svadhakara (स्वधाकारः) i.e using the mantras with svadha in the end or offering anything into the fire with svadha constitutes the Pirtuyajna.
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 According to Sayanacharya, svadhyaya is that where the vedashakha (वेदशाखा) is conventionally handed down according to tradition by the forefathers (such as father and grandfather) to a person. A study of at least one word in such traditionally handed down veda is said to be Brahmayajna.
-This sacrifice is dedicated to the Vedas and their seers (Rishis) in the form of regular study (svadhyaya) of the sacred vedas and the teaching of it to deserving students (अध्यापनम् । adhyapana).
+This yajna is dedicated to the Vedas and their seers (Rishis) in the form of regular study (svadhyaya) of the sacred vedas and the teaching of it to deserving students (अध्यापनम् । adhyapana).
 These five functions are imperatives on every householder and they are rightly regarded as Mahayajnas (great sacrifices). These are the dharmas of a person in Grhastha ashrama.
-Even if at times one is incapable of doing Manushya yajna, one must perform the Brahma and Deva yajnas . The offerings given to gods in the sacrificial fire goes to [[Surya (सूर्यः)|Surya]] and he sends rains to the earth which enable the plants to grow. Thus, food is obtained and Vedas say this is the cause for the living beings to increase. A share of food is given to them as a token of one's remembrance of them. The quantity that is offered is not important; it is the mental state of expressing gratitude and feeling that is associated with it that is of consequence in conducting these yajnas. Just as how all animals and objects depend on the life-breath for living, Brahmachari, Vanaprastha (वानप्रस्थः) and Sanyasi are dependent on the Grhastha for sustenance. Therefore, the Grhastha ashrama is the best of all ashramas according to Manusmriti (chap 3).
+Even if at times one is incapable of doing Manushya yajna, one must perform the Brahma and Deva yajnas . The offerings given to gods in the yajnika agni goes to [[Surya (सूर्यः)|Surya]] and he sends rains to the earth which enable the plants to grow. Thus, food is obtained and Vedas say this is the cause for the living beings to increase. A share of food is given to them as a token of one's remembrance of them. The quantity that is offered is not important; it is the mental state of expressing gratitude and feeling that is associated with it that is of consequence in conducting these yajnas. Just as how all animals and objects depend on the life-breath for living, Brahmachari, Vanaprastha (वानप्रस्थः) and Sanyasi are dependent on the Grhastha for sustenance. Therefore, the Grhastha ashrama is the best of all ashramas according to Manusmriti (chap 3).
 == संवादः || Discussion ==
 {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzfTZQigCRw&t=1212s
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 }}
-These, in ordinary religious parlance, are called the Panchamahayajnas, or the five great sacrifices which a householder, especially in India, has to perform. These sacrifices mean the way in which one recognizes one’s own self in the variety of creation that he sees before him, by means of sympathy, consideration and feeling for others<ref>The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad by Swami Krishnananda ([https://www.swami-krishnananda.org/brdup_audio/brdup-12.pdf Discourse-12)]</ref>. That is the first step that one takes before moving on to the difficult task of complete identification with the [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atma]] (आत्मन् । Inner Being) of all things.
+These, in ordinary religious parlance, are called the Panchamahayajnas, or the five great yajnas which a householder, especially in India, has to perform. These yajnas mean the way in which one recognizes one’s own self in the variety of creation that he sees before him, by means of sympathy, consideration and feeling for others<ref>The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad by Swami Krishnananda ([https://www.swami-krishnananda.org/brdup_audio/brdup-12.pdf Discourse-12)]</ref>. That is the first step that one takes before moving on to the difficult task of complete identification with the [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atma]] (आत्मन् । Inner Being) of all things.
 The sympathy and compassion that one psychologically exercises in respect of others is the first step. The identity with others is a more difficult thing to feel and maintain that bhavana (feeling). To feel for others is easier than to become others though that is the ideal. So, the [[Upanishads (उपनिषदाः)|Upanishad]] tells us, try to feel for others first and manifest this feeling in your actions before you totally become, or aspire to become one with them.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 Dharma shastras proclaim that samskaras are a series of sacrifices and ceremonies indicating the passage of various stages of the human life and to signify entry to a particular [[Ashrama Dharma (आश्रमधर्मः)|ashrama]]. All human beings, especially the Dvija (द्विजः । twice born - called so after [[Upanayana (उपनयनम्)|upanayana]]) and Grhasthas (गृहस्थ-s) are required to perform a number of sacrifices with oblations for devatas, ancestors and guardians in accordance with the vedic mantras laid down for a righteous living. Scholars differ in their opinion about the number of samskaras being forty and a few saying 25 and 16.
 == संस्काराः || Samskaras ==
-Forty [[Samskaras (संस्काराः)]] have been prescribed by Gautama Smriti<ref>Kannan. P. R. Translation of Article : [http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/articles/INITIAL%20SAMSKARAS.html Initial Samskaras] from Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham</ref>, as a part of purificatory activities, for not just the physical body but the Jivatma also and for removal of papas (पाप | sins) accrued in different ways. They are,
+Forty [[Samskaras (संस्काराः)]] have been prescribed by Gautama Smriti<ref>Kannan. P. R. Translation of Article : [http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/articles/INITIAL%20SAMSKARAS.html Initial Samskaras] from Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham</ref>, as a part of purificatory activities, for not just the physical body but the Jivatma also and for removal of papas (पापम् | sins) accrued in different ways. They are,
 * संस्काराः || Samskaras (10 of the षोडश-संस्काराः ॥ Shodasa samskaras)
 * वेदव्रताः || Vedavratas (4)
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 * nature (including the animate ie. plants and animals and inanimate ie. the panchabhutas) and
 * fellow human beings (for their support in society).
-He must pay back his debt by performing these five sacrifices daily. Further, numerous insects are killed by him unconsciously during walking, sweeping, grinding, cooking, etc. This sin is removed by performance of these five sacrifices.<ref>Mani, Vettam. (1975). ''[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic encyclopaedia : A comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.]'' Delhi:Motilal Banasidass.</ref>
+He must pay back his debt by performing these five sacrifices daily. Further, numerous insects are killed by him unconsciously during walking, sweeping, grinding, cooking, etc. This papa is removed by performance of these five sacrifices.<ref>Mani, Vettam. (1975). ''[https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft Puranic encyclopaedia : A comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.]'' Delhi:Motilal Banasidass.</ref>
 In addition to these daily rites, the householder has also to perform certain monthly ceremonies such as offering oblations to the ancestors on the new-moon day and the observance of the vow of Ekadashi (fast on the eleventh day of every lunar fortnight).
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 * '''[[Manusmrti (मनुस्मृतिः)|Manusmrti]]''' gives the definitions and essence of Panchamahayajnas in the 3rd Chapter (shlokas 67 to 83).<ref name=":0">Manusmriti ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Third Adhyaya])</ref>
 <blockquote>पञ्च सूना गृहस्थस्य चुल्ली पेषण्युपस्करः । कण्डनी चोदकुम्भश्च बध्यते यास्तु वाहयन् || ३.६८ (Manu Smri. 3.68)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>pañca sūnā gṛhasthasya cullī peṣaṇyupaskaraḥ । kaṇḍanī codakumbhaśca badhyate yāstu vāhayan || ३.६८ (Manu Smri. 3.68) </blockquote>
-Meaning : For a grhastha (householder), five apparatus namely a sifter, a grinding stone, a broom, a mortar and a water-pot are unavoidable. It is believed that when these instruments are used for daily activities, a householder incurs sin (पापम्) - attributable to killing of numerous small beings such as ants, insects and such minute organisms unconsciously.<blockquote>अध्यापनं ब्रह्मयज्ञः पितृयज्ञस्तु तर्पणम् । होमो दैवो बलिर्भौती नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम् ॥ ३-७० (Manu. Smri. 3.70)</blockquote><blockquote>adhyāpanaṃ brahmayajñaḥ pitṛyajñastu tarpaṇam । homo daivo balirbhautī nṛyajño'tithipūjanam ॥ 3-70 (Manu. Smri. 3.70)</blockquote>
+Meaning : For a grhastha (householder), five apparatus namely a sifter, a grinding stone, a broom, a mortar and a water-pot are unavoidable. It is believed that when these instruments are used for daily activities, a householder incurs papa (पापम्) - attributable to killing of numerous small beings such as ants, insects and such minute organisms unconsciously.<blockquote>अध्यापनं ब्रह्मयज्ञः पितृयज्ञस्तु तर्पणम् । होमो दैवो बलिर्भौती नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम् ॥ ३-७० (Manu. Smri. 3.70)</blockquote><blockquote>adhyāpanaṃ brahmayajñaḥ pitṛyajñastu tarpaṇam । homo daivo balirbhautī nṛyajño'tithipūjanam ॥ 3-70 (Manu. Smri. 3.70)</blockquote>
 *'''Garuda Purana''' (Adhyaya 115 according to Shabdakalpadruma and Vachaspatya<ref>Vachaspatyam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AF See Under Yajna])</ref>) (1.213.144)<ref>Garuda Purana ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9 Acharakanda Adhyaya 213])</ref> cites the above Manusmriti shloka (3.70) for Panchamahayajnas.
 Meaning : Teaching of [[Vedas (वेदाः)|Vedas]] is called Brahmayajna, (offering of) Tarpana is called Pitryajna, performance of Homa is Devayajna, offering of oblations is Bhutayajna, and the hospitality to guests is Nryajna.<ref>Shastri, J. L (1979) ''[https://archive.org/details/13GarudaPurana.Vol.2_201802 The Garuda Purana, Part 2]'' Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>
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 == As given in Taittriya Aranyaka ==
-* The ancient rishis have prescribed these Panchamahayagnas in '''Taittriya Aranyaka''' (Prapathaka 2 and Anuvaka 10<ref>Taittriya Aranyaka ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0)/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8 Prapathaka 2 Anuvaka 10])</ref> given along with Sayanacharya's bhashya) <ref name=":12">[http://www.vedamu.org/PageViewerImage.aspx?DivId=998 Taittriya Aranyaka] (2.10) with Sayanabhashyam in Pages 144 to 146</ref> for removal of the sins accrued by the grhastha.
+* The ancient rishis have prescribed these Panchamahayagnas in '''Taittriya Aranyaka''' (Prapathaka 2 and Anuvaka 10<ref>Taittriya Aranyaka ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0)/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8 Prapathaka 2 Anuvaka 10])</ref> given along with Sayanacharya's bhashya) <ref name=":12">[http://www.vedamu.org/PageViewerImage.aspx?DivId=998 Taittriya Aranyaka] (2.10) with Sayanabhashyam in Pages 144 to 146</ref> for removal of the papas accrued by the grhastha.
 <blockquote>तद्विधिप्रसङ्गेन पञ्चमहायज्ञान्विधत्ते |  </blockquote><blockquote>tadvidhiprasaṅgena pañcamahāyajñānvidhatte | </blockquote>Meaning : The procedure to perform panchamahayajnas is now given<blockquote>पञ्च वा एते महायज्ञा: सतति प्रतायन्ते सतति संतिष्ठन्ते | देवयज्ञ: पितृयज्ञो भूतयज्ञो मनुष्ययज्ञो ब्रह्मयज्ञो इति-, इति ||<ref name=":12">[http://www.vedamu.org/PageViewerImage.aspx?DivId=998 Taittriya Aranyaka] (2.10) with Sayanabhashyam in Pages 144 to 146</ref> </blockquote><blockquote>pañca vā ete mahāyajñā: saṃtati pratāyante satati saṃtiṣṭhante | devayajña: pitṛyajño bhūtayajño manuṣyayajño brahmayajño iti-, iti || </blockquote>Meaning : Five of these mahayajnas are observed and completed day after day, on a daily basis. They are Devayajna, Pitruyajna, Bhutayajna, Manushyayajna and Brahmayajna.

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 ==   परिचयः || Introduction ==
-Dharma shastras proclaim that samskaras are a series of sacrifices and ceremonies indicating the passage of various stages of the human life and to signify entry to a particular [[Ashrama Dharma (आश्रमधर्मः)|ashrama]]. All human beings, especially the Dvija (द्विजः । twice born - called so after [[उपनयनम्|upanayana]]) and Grhasthas (गृहस्थ-s) are required to perform a number of sacrifices with oblations for devatas, ancestors and guardians in accordance with the vedic mantras laid down for a righteous living. Scholars differ in their opinion about the number of samskaras being forty and a few saying 25 and 16.
+Dharma shastras proclaim that samskaras are a series of sacrifices and ceremonies indicating the passage of various stages of the human life and to signify entry to a particular [[Ashrama Dharma (आश्रमधर्मः)|ashrama]]. All human beings, especially the Dvija (द्विजः । twice born - called so after [[Upanayana (उपनयनम्)|upanayana]]) and Grhasthas (गृहस्थ-s) are required to perform a number of sacrifices with oblations for devatas, ancestors and guardians in accordance with the vedic mantras laid down for a righteous living. Scholars differ in their opinion about the number of samskaras being forty and a few saying 25 and 16.
 == संस्काराः || Samskaras ==
 Forty [[Samskaras (संस्काराः)]] have been prescribed by Gautama Smriti<ref>Kannan. P. R. Translation of Article : [http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/articles/INITIAL%20SAMSKARAS.html Initial Samskaras] from Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham</ref>, as a part of purificatory activities, for not just the physical body but the Jivatma also and for removal of papas (पाप | sins) accrued in different ways. They are,
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 * '''Shatapata Brahmana''' emphasises the grhastha dharma of performing the five yajnas in पञ्चमहायज्ञब्राह्मणम् of Adhyaya 5 of Kanda 11 thus,<ref>Shatapatha Brahmana ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AB/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%AC Kanda 11 Adhyaya 5])</ref>
 <blockquote>पञ्चैव महायज्ञाः। तान्येव महासत्त्राणि भूतयज्ञो मनुष्ययज्ञः पितृयज्ञो देवयज्ञो ब्रह्मयज्ञ इति - ११.५.६.[१]</blockquote><blockquote>pañcaiva mahāyajñāḥ। tānyēva mahāsattrāṇi bhūtayajñō manuṣyayajñaḥ pitr̥yajñō dēvayajñō brahmayajña iti - 11.5.6.[1]</blockquote>Summary: Only five are the mahayajnas. These are the mahasatras. They are yajnas for the bhutas, all created beings; yajna for manushyas, the human beings; yajna for pitrs, the ancestors; yajna for devas, residing in different aspects of creation; yajna for Brahman, the font of all knowledge.<ref name=":02">Bajaj, Jitendra and Mandayam, Srinivas. (1996) ''Annam Bahu Kurvita.'' Madras: Centre for Policy Studies Madras</ref>
-* [[Manu Smriti|'''Manusmriti''']] gives the definitions and essence of Panchamahayajnas in the 3rd Chapter (shlokas 67 to 83).<ref name=":0">Manusmriti ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Third Adhyaya])</ref>
+* '''[[Manusmrti (मनुस्मृतिः)|Manusmrti]]''' gives the definitions and essence of Panchamahayajnas in the 3rd Chapter (shlokas 67 to 83).<ref name=":0">Manusmriti ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Third Adhyaya])</ref>
 <blockquote>पञ्च सूना गृहस्थस्य चुल्ली पेषण्युपस्करः । कण्डनी चोदकुम्भश्च बध्यते यास्तु वाहयन् || ३.६८ (Manu Smri. 3.68)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>pañca sūnā gṛhasthasya cullī peṣaṇyupaskaraḥ । kaṇḍanī codakumbhaśca badhyate yāstu vāhayan || ३.६८ (Manu Smri. 3.68) </blockquote>
 Meaning : For a grhastha (householder), five apparatus namely a sifter, a grinding stone, a broom, a mortar and a water-pot are unavoidable. It is believed that when these instruments are used for daily activities, a householder incurs sin (पापम्) - attributable to killing of numerous small beings such as ants, insects and such minute organisms unconsciously.<blockquote>अध्यापनं ब्रह्मयज्ञः पितृयज्ञस्तु तर्पणम् । होमो दैवो बलिर्भौती नृयज्ञोऽतिथिपूजनम् ॥ ३-७० (Manu. Smri. 3.70)</blockquote><blockquote>adhyāpanaṃ brahmayajñaḥ pitṛyajñastu tarpaṇam । homo daivo balirbhautī nṛyajño'tithipūjanam ॥ 3-70 (Manu. Smri. 3.70)</blockquote>
 *'''Garuda Purana''' (Adhyaya 115 according to Shabdakalpadruma and Vachaspatya<ref>Vachaspatyam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%AF See Under Yajna])</ref>) (1.213.144)<ref>Garuda Purana ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9 Acharakanda Adhyaya 213])</ref> cites the above Manusmriti shloka (3.70) for Panchamahayajnas.
 Meaning : Teaching of [[Vedas (वेदाः)|Vedas]] is called Brahmayajna, (offering of) Tarpana is called Pitryajna, performance of Homa is Devayajna, offering of oblations is Bhutayajna, and the hospitality to guests is Nryajna.<ref>Shastri, J. L (1979) ''[https://archive.org/details/13GarudaPurana.Vol.2_201802 The Garuda Purana, Part 2]'' Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>
-* Panchamahayajnas have been described in [[Grhya Sutras|Grhyasutras]]. Given in '''Ashvalayana Grhyasutras''' as below
+* Panchamahayajnas have been described in [[Grhyasutras]]. Given in '''Ashvalayana Grhyasutras''' as below
 <blockquote>अथातः पञ्चयज्ञाः | १ देवयज्ञो भूतयज्ञः पितृयज्ञो ब्रह्मयज्ञो मनुष्ययज्ञ इति | २<ref name=":2">[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Asvalaayana Grhya Sutras]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>athātaḥ pañcayajñāḥ | 1 devayajño bhūtayajñaḥ pitṛyajño brahmayajño manuṣyayajña iti | 2</blockquote><blockquote>तद्यदग्नौ जुहोति स देवयज्ञो यद्बलिङ्करोति स भूतयज्ञो यत्पितृभ्यो ददाति स पितृयज्ञो यत्स्वाध्यायमधीयते स ब्रह्मयज्ञो यन्मनुष्येभ्यो ददाति स मनुष्ययज्ञ इति | ३ तानेतान्यज्ञानहरहः कुर्वीत | ४ (Asva. Grhy. Sutr. 3.1.1 to 4)<ref name=":2">[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Asvalaayana Grhya Sutras]</ref></blockquote><blockquote>tadyadagnau juhoti sa devayajño yadbaliṅkaroti sa bhūtayajño yatpitṛbhyo dadāti sa pitṛyajño yatsvādhyāyamadhīyate sa brahmayajño yanmanuṣyebhyo dadāti sa manuṣyayajña iti | 3 tānetānyajñānaharahaḥ kurvīta | 4 (Asva. Grhy. Sutr. 3.1.1 to 4) </blockquote>Meaning : Now the Panchayajnas. The yajna for devatas, yajna for (other living) beings, yajna for forefathers, yajna for Brahma, yajna for human beings. Here, when offerings are made in [[Agni (आग्निः)|Agni]], this yajna is for the devatas. That which is offered as bali, is the yajna for other beings. That (pindas) which is given for forefathers, is the pitru yajna. That study (of the vedas) is the brahma yajna, and that which gives to men, is the manushya yajna. These five yajnas are to be performed everyday.

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 Even if at times one is incapable of doing Manushya yajna, one must perform the Brahma and Deva yajnas . The offerings given to gods in the sacrificial fire goes to [[Surya (सूर्यः)|Surya]] and he sends rains to the earth which enable the plants to grow. Thus, food is obtained and Vedas say this is the cause for the living beings to increase. A share of food is given to them as a token of one's remembrance of them. The quantity that is offered is not important; it is the mental state of expressing gratitude and feeling that is associated with it that is of consequence in conducting these yajnas. Just as how all animals and objects depend on the life-breath for living, Brahmachari, Vanaprastha (वानप्रस्थः) and Sanyasi are dependent on the Grhastha for sustenance. Therefore, the Grhastha ashrama is the best of all ashramas according to Manusmriti (chap 3).
 == संवादः || Discussion ==
-{{#evt:
+{{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzfTZQigCRw&t=1212s
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 The sympathy and compassion that one psychologically exercises in respect of others is the first step. The identity with others is a more difficult thing to feel and maintain that bhavana (feeling). To feel for others is easier than to become others though that is the ideal. So, the [[Upanishads (उपनिषदाः)|Upanishad]] tells us, try to feel for others first and manifest this feeling in your actions before you totally become, or aspire to become one with them.
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Yajnas]]

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 The sympathy and compassion that one psychologically exercises in respect of others is the first step. The identity with others is a more difficult thing to feel and maintain that bhavana (feeling). To feel for others is easier than to become others though that is the ideal. So, the [[Upanishads|Upanishad]] tells us, try to feel for others first and manifest this feeling in your actions before you totally become, or aspire to become one with them.
-<span style="font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;color:#d85611;text-align:right"> Video Courtesy Setu Foundation, Benguluru</span>
+<span style="font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;color:#d85611;text-align:right">                                                                                                                                                     Video Courtesy Setu Foundation, Benguluru</span>
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Yajnas]]