Mrutyu (मृत्युः) - Revision history

DrDevashree: /* अकालमृत्युः ॥ Akala Mrtyu */

2021-07-19T06:14:05Z

अकालमृत्युः ॥ Akala Mrtyu

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DrDevashree at 10:27, 25 June 2021

2021-06-25T10:27:42Z

DrDevashree at 10:27, 25 June 2021

2021-06-25T10:27:25Z

DrDevashree at 12:41, 23 June 2021

2021-06-23T12:41:06Z

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DrDevashree: /* Akala Mrtyu */

2021-06-14T10:34:22Z

Akala Mrtyu

DrDevashree: /* Akala Mrtyu */

2021-06-14T10:26:56Z

Akala Mrtyu

DrDevashree at 15:17, 12 June 2021

2021-06-12T15:17:12Z

DrDevashree: /* Types of Mrtyu */

2021-06-11T12:19:55Z

Types of Mrtyu

DrDevashree: /* Role of karma in deciding life span or death */

2021-06-11T11:50:15Z

Role of karma in deciding life span or death

DrDevashree at 16:59, 10 June 2021

2021-06-10T16:59:12Z

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-Mrtyu (मृत्युः) is the samskrit term used to denote death. Ayurveda is known as the system of knowledge about life. Thus that point at which one's life ends i.e. death is also critically studied and described in Ayurveda treatises. Ayurveda treatises have not only meticulously described the pattern of reducing life span over the ages but also discussed the causes of differences in life span of individuals, role of karma and types of death. Charaka samhita (चरकसंहिता), the treatise on Ayurveda describes Mrutyu after the topic of [[Janapadodhwansa (जनपदोध्वंसः)|Janapadodhwansa]] (जनपदोध्वंसः) in Vimanasthanam (विमानस्थानम्).
+Mrutyu (मृत्युः) is the samskrit term used to denote death. Ayurveda is known as the system of knowledge about life. Thus that point at which one's life ends i.e. death is also critically studied and described in Ayurveda treatises. Ayurveda treatises have not only meticulously described the pattern of reducing life span over the ages but also discussed the causes of differences in life span of individuals, role of karma and types of death. Charaka samhita (चरकसंहिता), the treatise on Ayurveda describes Mrutyu after the topic of [[Janapadodhwansa (जनपदोध्वंसः)|Janapadodhwansa]] (जनपदोध्वंसः) in Vimanasthanam (विमानस्थानम्).
 == मृत्यु परिभाषा ॥ Definition of Mrutyu ==
 Mrutyu has been defined on the basis of events happening at the time of Mrutyu according to Ayurveda. Dalhana, the commentator on Sushruta samhita has defined Mrutyu as below,<blockquote>मृत्युः शरीरेन्द्रियात्ममनसां वियोगः। <ref name=":0">alhana Commentary on Sushrut Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1  Sutram 25 )</ref> (Dalhana, Sush. Samh. 1.25)</blockquote><blockquote>mr̥tyuḥ śarīrendriyātmamanasāṁ viyogaḥ । <ref name=":0" /> (Dalhana, Sush. Samh. 1.25)</blockquote>Meaning: Dissociation of link between Sharira, Indriyas, Atman and manas is called as Mrutyu. ह्

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-{{NeedCitation}}{{ToBeEdited}}Mrtyu (मृत्युः) is the samskrit term used to denote death. Ayurveda is known as the system of knowledge about life. Thus that point at which one's life ends i.e. death is also critically studied and described in Ayurveda treatises. Ayurveda treatises have not only meticulously described the pattern of reducing life span over the ages but also discussed the causes of differences in life span of individuals, role of karma and types of death. Charaka samhita (चरकसंहिता), the treatise on Ayurveda describes Mrutyu after the topic of [[Janapadodhwansa (जनपदोध्वंसः)|Janapadodhwansa]] (जनपदोध्वंसः) in Vimanasthanam (विमानस्थानम्).
+Mrtyu (मृत्युः) is the samskrit term used to denote death. Ayurveda is known as the system of knowledge about life. Thus that point at which one's life ends i.e. death is also critically studied and described in Ayurveda treatises. Ayurveda treatises have not only meticulously described the pattern of reducing life span over the ages but also discussed the causes of differences in life span of individuals, role of karma and types of death. Charaka samhita (चरकसंहिता), the treatise on Ayurveda describes Mrutyu after the topic of [[Janapadodhwansa (जनपदोध्वंसः)|Janapadodhwansa]] (जनपदोध्वंसः) in Vimanasthanam (विमानस्थानम्).
 == मृत्यु परिभाषा ॥ Definition of Mrutyu ==
 Mrutyu has been defined on the basis of events happening at the time of Mrutyu according to Ayurveda. Dalhana, the commentator on Sushruta samhita has defined Mrutyu as below,<blockquote>मृत्युः शरीरेन्द्रियात्ममनसां वियोगः। <ref name=":0">alhana Commentary on Sushrut Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 1  Sutram 25 )</ref> (Dalhana, Sush. Samh. 1.25)</blockquote><blockquote>mr̥tyuḥ śarīrendriyātmamanasāṁ viyogaḥ । <ref name=":0" /> (Dalhana, Sush. Samh. 1.25)</blockquote>Meaning: Dissociation of link between Sharira, Indriyas, Atman and manas is called as Mrutyu. ह्
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 == References ==
 [[Category:Ayurveda]]

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 == Types of Mrtyu ==
-Based on the manner in which a purusha succumbs to death or the causative factors behind one's death, Mrutyu is known to be of two types. The type of mrtyu which occurs as a result of natural process of ageing is called as Kala Mrtyu (Natural death or timely death) while the type of death which occurs due to some unprecedented situation or some external factor like accident, injury or poison etc is called as Akala Mrtyu (premature death or untimely death). Akala mrtyu is also called as Agantu type of Mrtyu by Acharya Sushruta. Agantu denotes external factor and thus untimely death is believed to be related to this factor.
+Based on the manner in which a purusha succumbs to death or the causative factors behind one's death, Mrutyu is known to be of two types. The type of mrtyu which occurs as a result of natural process of ageing is called as Kala Mrtyu (Natural death or timely death) while the type of death which occurs due to some unprecedented situation or some external factor like accident, injury or poison etc is called as Akala Mrtyu (premature death or untimely death). Akala mrtyu is also called as Agantu type of Mrtyu by Acharya Sushruta. Agantu denotes external factor and thus untimely death is believed to be related to this factor. <blockquote>एकोत्तरं मृत्युशतमथर्वाणः प्रचक्षते ||६|| तत्रैकः कालसंयुक्तः शेषा आगन्तवः स्मृताः |७| (Su su 34/7)</blockquote>
 === Kala Mrtyu ===
-Kala mrtyu denotes death by natural causes or death occurring as a consequence of natural ageing process of physical body. The physical body is called as [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|Shariram]] in Ayurveda which is defined as, 'the one which undergoes continuous degeneration'. Therefore, there comes a point of time in one's life where, the Shariram or physical body degenerates to a level at which it fails to maintain the connection with Indriyas (senses), manas (mind) and atma (life energy). Once this link between Shariram, manas, indriyas and life energy is broken, life can not continue. In other words, Mrtyu occurs due to disruption of link between these components due to natural process of ageing of physical body. This type of death is referred to as Kala Mrtyu.
+Kala mrtyu denotes death by natural causes or death occurring as a consequence of natural ageing process of physical body. The physical body is called as [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|Shariram]] in Ayurveda which is defined as, 'the one which undergoes continuous degeneration'. Therefore, there comes a point of time in one's life where, the Shariram or physical body degenerates to a level at which it fails to maintain the connection with Indriyas (senses), manas (mind) and atma (life energy). Once this link between Shariram, manas, indriyas and life energy is broken, life can not continue. In other words, Mrtyu occurs due to disruption of link between these components due to natural process of ageing of physical body. This type of death is referred to as Kala Mrtyu. <blockquote>तथाऽऽयुः शरीरोपगतं बलवत्प्रकृत्या यथावदुपचर्यमाणं स्वप्रमाणक्षयादेवावसानं गच्छति; स मृत्युः काले| (Cha vi 3/38)</blockquote>Dalhana, the commentator on Sushruta samhita, has quoted opinion of Vyasabhattaraka (acharya) that, Akala Mrtyu does not occur in any case. Any death is Kala Mrtyu which occurs only when the right time of death specific to that individual has arrived. If that time has not arrived then even after numerous life threatening situations, that human does not die. On the similar line, if the right time of death for the person has arrived then even the otherwise trivial cause could become fatal for that person. Thus, all mrtyus are Kala mrutyus only. <blockquote>व्यासभट्टारकेणायुक्तं- “नाकाले म्रियते कच्चिद्विद्धः शरशतैरपि| कालप्राप्तस्य कौन्तेय! वज्रायन्ते तृणान्यपि”- इति| (Dalhana, Su su. 1/25)</blockquote>
 === Akala Mrtyu ===
-Akala Mrtyu is the type of death where death occurs accidentally, due to some external factor and not due to natural process of ageing. Thus, Akala mtyu refers to  untimely death. Acharyas have mentioned few causative factors which have potential to cause untimely death. These are the factors which should thus be avoided by those who wish to live healthy and long life. The factors that might cause untimely death are as below,
+Akala Mrtyu is the type of death where death occurs accidentally or due to some external factor and not due to natural process of ageing. Thus, Akala mtyu refers to  untimely death. Acharyas have mentioned few causative factors which have potential to cause untimely death. These are the factors which should thus be avoided by those who wish to live healthy and long life. The factors that might cause untimely death are as below,(Cha vi 3/38)
 # Over-exertion or over-streching one's physical limits for a long time
 # Eating without considering one's capacity to digest or eating in excess
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 # Direct injuries or trauma
 # Avoiding food and medicines
-# Inappropriate treatment of diseases like Jwara
+# Inappropriate treatment of diseases like Jwara (Cha vi 3/38)
-From all the above casues one's life may come to the end prematurely and thus is called as
+From all the above casuses the physical body of the humans is damaged and undergoes rapid degeneration due to imbalances of [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]] an [[Dhatus (धातवः)|dhatus]]. In this manner, one's life may come to the end prematurely and thus is called as Akala Mrtyu or untimely death.  <blockquote>मृत्युरप्यकालजः प्रतिकार्यः (Dalhana, Su su. 1/25)</blockquote><blockquote>“यथा वर्षमकाले च यथा पुष्पं यथा फलम्| यथा स्याद्दीपनिर्वाणमकाले मरणं तथा”- इति| व्यासवचनमप्यर्जुनप्रोत्साहकमकालमृत्युस्थापकं दृश्यते; तथाहि- “जलमग्निर्विषं शस्त्रं स्त्रियो राजकुलानि च| अकालमृत्यवो ह्येते तेभ्यो बिभ्यति पण्डिताः”- इति| (Dalhana, Su su. 1/25)</blockquote>
 [[Category:Ayurveda]]

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 === Akala Mrtyu ===
-Akala Mrtyu is the type of death where death occurs accidentally, due to some external factor and not due to natural process of ageing. Thus, it is untimely death. Acharyas have mentioned few causative factors which have potential to cause untimely death. These are the factors which should thus be avoided by those who wish to live healthy and long life. The factors that might cause untimely death are as below,
+Akala Mrtyu is the type of death where death occurs accidentally, due to some external factor and not due to natural process of ageing. Thus, Akala mtyu refers to  untimely death. Acharyas have mentioned few causative factors which have potential to cause untimely death. These are the factors which should thus be avoided by those who wish to live healthy and long life. The factors that might cause untimely death are as below,
 causes
 तथाऽऽयुरप्ययथाबलमारम्भादयथाग्न्यभ्यवहरणाद्विषमाभ्यावहरणाद्विषमशरीरन्यासादतिमैथुनासत्संश्रयादुदीर्ण- वेगविनिग्रहाद्विधार्यवेगाविधारणाद्भूतविषवाय्वग्न्युपतापादभिघातादाहारप्रतीकारविवर्जनाच्चान्तराऽसानमापद्यते, स मृत्युरकाले; तथा ज्वरादीनप्यातङ्कान्मिथ्योपचरितानकालमृत्यून् पश्याम इति|| (Cha vi 3/38)
 मृत्युरप्यकालजः प्रतिकार्यः (Dalhana, Su su. 1/25)

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 === Kala Mrtyu ===
-Kala mrtyu denotes death by natural causes or the process of ageing of physical body. The physical body is called as Shariram in Ayurveda which is defined as, 'the one which undergoes continuous degeneration'. Therefore, there comes a point of time in one's Ayu where the Shariram or physical body degenerates to a level at which it can not maintain the connection with senses, manas and life energy. One this link between Shariram, manas, indriyas and life energy is broken, life can not continue. In other words Mrtyu occurs due to disruption of link between these components due to natural process of ageing of physical body. This type of death is referred to as Kala Mrtyu.
+Kala mrtyu denotes death by natural causes or death occurring as a consequence of natural ageing process of physical body. The physical body is called as [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|Shariram]] in Ayurveda which is defined as, 'the one which undergoes continuous degeneration'. Therefore, there comes a point of time in one's life where, the Shariram or physical body degenerates to a level at which it fails to maintain the connection with Indriyas (senses), manas (mind) and atma (life energy). Once this link between Shariram, manas, indriyas and life energy is broken, life can not continue. In other words, Mrtyu occurs due to disruption of link between these components due to natural process of ageing of physical body. This type of death is referred to as Kala Mrtyu.
 तथाऽऽयुः शरीरोपगतं बलवत्प्रकृत्या यथावदुपचर्यमाणं स्वप्रमाणक्षयादेवावसानं गच्छति; स मृत्युः काले| (Cha vi 3/38)
 व्यासभट्टारकेणायुक्तं- “नाकाले म्रियते कच्चिद्विद्धः शरशतैरपि| कालप्राप्तस्य कौन्तेय! वज्रायन्ते तृणान्यपि”- इति| (Dalhana, Su su. 1/25)
 === Akala Mrtyu ===
 causes

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 == Role of karma in deciding life span or death ==
-It is said that, the Ayu of living beings is based on yukti. The strength and weakness of yukti is a compound of Daiva and Purushakara. Daiva means one’s own deeds in the previous life while purushakara stands for one’s actions (deeds) in this life. Thus one's deeds in this as well as in previous life are considered to be the deciding factors of one's life span in this life.
+It is said that, the Ayu of living beings is based on combined effect of Daiva and Purushakara.  <blockquote>तं भगवानुवाच- इहाग्निवेश! भूतानामायुर्युक्तिमपेक्षते| दैवे पुरुषकारे च स्थितं ह्यस्य बलाबलम् (Char. Samh 3/29)</blockquote>Daiva means one’s own deeds from the previous life while purushakara stands for one’s actions (deeds) in this life.  <blockquote>दैवमात्मकृतं विद्यात् कर्म यत् पौर्वदैहिकम्| स्मृतः पुरुषकारस्तु क्रियते यदिहापरम्| (Char. Samh 3/30)</blockquote>Longevity or life span of a human being thus depends upon one's deeds in this as well as in previous life.
-तं भगवानुवाच- इहाग्निवेश! भूतानामायुर्युक्तिमपेक्षते| दैवे पुरुषकारे च स्थितं ह्यस्य बलाबलम्||२९||
+Further, the 3 types of karmas have also been described in Charaka Samhita. Karma could be superior, medium or inferior in type or quality. When karmas of previous as well as present life are superior in quality the result is long and happy life. On the similar lines, if ones karmas are of inferior nature, his life would be short, unhappy and the lifespan would be undetermined.
-दैवमात्मकृतं विद्यात् कर्म यत् पौर्वदैहिकम्| स्मृतः पुरुषकारस्तु क्रियते यदिहापरम्||३०||
+=== The interplay between Daiva, Purushakara and effect on life span ===
+Although the life span depends upon Daiva and Purushakara and their overall strength, there exists a possibility that one of them would overpower the other and the ultimate effect will be based on the more powerful among them. Even in this situation, <blockquote>दैवं पुरुषकारेण दुर्बलं ह्युपहन्यते (Char. Samh. 3/33)</blockquote>A weak daiva gets subdued by a strong purushakara. Similarly a strong daiva overshadows one’s purushakara and because of this, some scholars hold the view that the span of life is invariably predetermined. There are some powerful actions whose implementation takes place at a predetermined time, but there is another kind of action whose implementation is not predetermined and gets manifested in an appropriate atmosphere. (charakasamhitaonline vi 3/30)
 == Types of Mrtyu ==
-timely and untimely death
+Based on the manner in which a purusha succumbs to death or the causative factors behind one's death, Mrutyu is said to be of 2 types. The type of mrtyu which occurs as a result of natural process of ageing is called as Kala Mrtyu (Natural death or timely death) while the type of death which occurs due to some unprecedented situation or some external factor like accident, injury or poison etc is called as Akala Mrtyu (premature death or untimely death). Akala mrtyu is also called as Agantu type of Mrtyu.
 एकोत्तरं मृत्युशतमथर्वाणः प्रचक्षते ||६||

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 In this way, in every succeeding yuga, the righteousness or dharma has reduced and thus there is consequent reduction in quality of life of human beings and also quality of plants.
-== Mrtyu a type of disease ==
+== Is the life span of an individual predetermined ? ==
-Acharya Sushruta has counted Mrutyu under Swabhavika vyadhi or roga. It means, Mrutyu can be looked at as a natural phenomenon for any individual but which is not desirable and thus called as vyadhi or roga.
+Charaka Samhita throws light on the question about whether the life span of the humans is predetermined or not. While addressing this question raised by one of the disciples, the factors that decide one's life span have been elaborated in Charka Samhita. Acharya Charaka denies the possibility of occurrence of predetermined life span. To support this, he says, if everyone's life were predetermined, there would not been any use of various therapeutic measures or code of conduct which proves beneficial for one's health and well-being. If the life-span in every case were predetermined, then none would be found to seek longevity by means of acts such as chanting ''mantra'', sacrifices, offerings, oblations, regimen, atonement (''prayaschitta''), fasting and other purgative therapies, benedictory rites, genuflexion (the act of bending the knee in worship), pilgrimages and sacrificial rites. Multiple points have been discussed and put forward to support that life span is not predetermined. (charakasamhitaonline https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Janapadodhvansaniya_Vimana#The_proof_of_the_indeterminateness_of_the_life_span )
 == Role of karma in deciding life span or death ==
-It is said that the Ayu of living beings is based on yukti. The strength and weakness of yukti is a compound of Daiva and Purushakara. Daiva means one’s own deeds in the previous life while purushakara stands for one’s actions (deeds) in this life. Thus one's deeds in this as well as in previous life are considered to be the deciding factors of one's life span in this life.
+It is said that, the Ayu of living beings is based on yukti. The strength and weakness of yukti is a compound of Daiva and Purushakara. Daiva means one’s own deeds in the previous life while purushakara stands for one’s actions (deeds) in this life. Thus one's deeds in this as well as in previous life are considered to be the deciding factors of one's life span in this life.
 तं भगवानुवाच- इहाग्निवेश! भूतानामायुर्युक्तिमपेक्षते| दैवे पुरुषकारे च स्थितं ह्यस्य बलाबलम्||२९||
@@ Line 47: / Line 54: @@
 A weak ''daiva'' gets subdued by a strong ''purushakara''. Similarly a strong daiva overshadows one’s ''purushakara'' and because of this, some scholars hold the view that the span of life is invariably predetermined. There are some powerful actions whose implementation takes place at a predetermined time, but there is another kind of action whose implementation is not predetermined and gets manifested in an appropriate atmosphere.
 == Types of Mrtyu ==