Ancient Indian Scientists (शास्त्रज्ञाः महर्षयः) - Revision history

AnuragV at 05:15, 16 January 2024

2024-01-16T05:15:56Z

Ckanak93 at 14:12, 27 December 2022

2022-12-27T14:12:34Z

Ckanak93: /* नागार्जुनः ॥ Nagarjun */

2022-10-14T10:51:07Z

नागार्जुनः ॥ Nagarjun

Ckanak93: /* आचार्यः सुश्रुतः ॥ Acharya Sushruta */ Added hyperlinks

2022-10-13T18:35:55Z

आचार्यः सुश्रुतः ॥ Acharya Sushruta: Added hyperlinks

Ckanak93: Adding hyperlinks and categories

2022-10-13T18:29:42Z

Adding hyperlinks and categories

Show changes

Ckanak93: /* Varah Mihir */ Editing and adding content with reference

2022-10-13T18:09:11Z

Varah Mihir: Editing and adding content with reference

Ckanak93: /* Nagarjun */ Editing and adding content with reference

2022-10-13T17:50:56Z

Nagarjun: Editing and adding content with reference

Ckanak93: /* महर्षिः कणादः ॥ Maharshi Kanada */ Editing and adding content with reference

2022-10-13T17:04:51Z

महर्षिः कणादः ॥ Maharshi Kanada: Editing and adding content with reference

Ckanak93: /* Kanad */ Editing

2022-10-13T09:43:00Z

Kanad: Editing

Ckanak93: /* contributions in other field of science */ Editing and adding references

2022-10-13T08:07:25Z

contributions in other field of science: Editing and adding references

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:15, 16 January 2024
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	[[Category:Shastras]]		[[Category:Shastras]]
		+	[[Category:Jyotisha]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, 27 December 2022
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	[[Category:Ganita]]		[[Category:Ganita]]
	[[Category:Shastras]]		[[Category:Shastras]]
−	~~[[Category:Yoga]]~~

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 This principle putforth by Maharshi Kanad seems far ahead of its times in comparison to the present principles of molecule or nucleus. But it is interesting to note that the idea of tanmatra which is viewd as a kind of potential out of which materiality emerges in the cosmology of [[Samkhya Darshana (साङ्ख्यदर्शनम्)|Samkhya]] prevalent in those times has features similar to that of Anu in the Vaisheshika Darshana.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":0" />
-=== नागार्जुनः ॥ Nagarjun ===
+=== नागार्जुनः ॥ Nagarjuna ===
 Nagarjuna was an alchemist and metallurgist of the 8th century CE<ref name=":3" /> born at Fort Daihak near the famous shrine of Somnath in Gujarat. He worked in the field of melting metals and making new metals. His efforts were concentrated on transforming base metals into gold. Although he couldn't succeed in transmuting base metals into gold, his techniques yeilded metals with gold-like lustre.<ref name=":0" /> Till date, this technology is used in making imitation jewellry.

@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 He is the author of [[Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता)|Sushruta Samhita]] and is known as the father of surgery. It is believed that the first surgery of the world was done by him.
-Sushruta Samhita is a pool of knowledge. It enumerates about 1100 diseases and elaborates on the usage of about 760 plants and herbs. And most of these herbs are those used day to day in the kitchen. This text also documents about 191 tools used in surgery by Sushruta. And it is interesting to note that the procedure enunciated by Sushruta is similar to modern medical policy.<ref name=":0" />
+Sushruta Samhita is a pool of knowledge. It enumerates about 1100 [[Roga (रोगः)|diseases]] and elaborates on the usage of about 760 plants and herbs. And most of these herbs are those used day to day in the kitchen. This text also documents about 191 tools used in surgery by Sushruta. And it is interesting to note that the procedure enunciated by Sushruta is similar to modern medical policy.<ref name=":0" />
 === महर्षिः पतञ्जलिः ॥ Maharshi Patanjali ===
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 Born in Avanti region (roughly corresponding to the modern-day Malwa), Varahamihira was a famous astronomer from ancient India<ref name=":0" /> who lived through 505-587 CE. He is considered to be one of the nine jewels (Navaratnas) of the court of legendary ruler Yashodharman Vikramaditya of Malwa.<ref name=":3" />
-Varahamihira belonged to Ujjain and is famous for two of his works namely, Pancha Siddhantika and the Brhat Samhita. The Pancha Siddhantika is a treatise on the five astronomical canons. A work on mathematical astronomy, itn its five parts it summarises five earlier astronomical treatises namely,
+Varahamihira belonged to Ujjain and is famous for two of his works namely, Pancha Siddhantika and the Brhat Samhita. The Pancha Siddhantika is a treatise on the five astronomical canons. A work on mathematical astronomy, in its five parts it summarises five earlier astronomical treatises namely,
 # [[Surya Siddhanta (सूर्य सिद्धांता)|Surya Siddhanta]]
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 == अन्यशास्त्रेषु योगदानम् ॥ Contribution in Other Fields ==
-Ancient Bharata saw progress in other fields of science like chemistry, physics, agriculture, etc. as well. Brief description of some of the great scientists and their contribution in this regard is enumerated below.<ref name=":0" />
+Ancient Bharata saw progress in other fields of science like chemistry, physics, [[Krshi Vijnana (कृषिविज्ञानम्)|agriculture]], etc. as well. Brief description of some of the great scientists and their contribution in this regard is enumerated below.<ref name=":0" />
 === महर्षिः कणादः ॥ Maharshi Kanada ===
@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 === वराहमिहिरः ॥ Varahamihira ===
-Varahamihira's contribution in astronomy has already been mentioned. He also had astonishing knowledge of a variety of subjects like hydrology, meteorology, astrology, seismology, etc. His work in the fields of earth science, geology, environment, etc is reflected in his magnum opus Brhat Samhita.<ref name=":3" />
+Varahamihira's contribution in astronomy has already been mentioned. He also had astonishing knowledge of a variety of subjects like [[Jala Vijnana (जलविज्ञानम्)|hydrology]], meteorology, astrology, seismology, etc. His work in the fields of earth science, geology, environment, etc is reflected in his magnum opus Brhat Samhita.<ref name=":3" />
-He was the first to tell that termites and underground plants reflect presence of life. He also writes about earthquakes and its cases. And tried to relate the effects of planets, of earthquake, movement beneath the ocean, underground water and behavior of animals.<ref name=":0">Vijnana - Level B ([https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/OBE_indian_knowledge_tradition/Level_B/Vijnana-B_English_OBE/Science-B_eng_Ch-10.pdf Chapter 10]), Open Basic Education Programme (Bharatiya Jnana Parampara), Noida: National Institute of Open Schooling.</ref>
+He was the first to tell that termites and underground plants reflect presence of life. He also writes about earthquakes and its cases. And tried to relate the effects of planets, of earthquake, movement beneath the ocean, underground [[Jala (जलम्)|water]] and behavior of animals.<ref name=":0">Vijnana - Level B ([https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/OBE_indian_knowledge_tradition/Level_B/Vijnana-B_English_OBE/Science-B_eng_Ch-10.pdf Chapter 10]), Open Basic Education Programme (Bharatiya Jnana Parampara), Noida: National Institute of Open Schooling.</ref>
 == References ==

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 His work known as Rasaratnakara contains descriptions of alchemical processes and preparations of mercurial compounds. He also wrote about the methods for extraction of metals like gold, silver, tin and copper from their ores and their purification.<ref name=":0" /> His book, Rasaratnakara, is indeed a survey of metallurgy and alchemy as it existed in ancient Bharata.<ref name=":3" />
-=== Varah Mihir ===
+=== वराहमिहिरः ॥ Varahamihira ===
-Varah mihir's contribution is also found in astronomy. He has also worked in the fields of earth science, geology and environment. He was the first person to tell that termites and underground plants are the presence of life, he has also written about earthquakes and its cases. He has also tried to join the effects of planets, of earthquake, movement beneath the ocean, underground water and behavior of animals.<ref name=":0">Vijnana - Level B ([https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/OBE_indian_knowledge_tradition/Level_B/Vijnana-B_English_OBE/Science-B_eng_Ch-10.pdf Chapter 10]), Open Basic Education Programme (Bharatiya Jnana Parampara), Noida: National Institute of Open Schooling.</ref>
+Varahamihira's contribution in astronomy has already been mentioned. He also had astonishing knowledge of a variety of subjects like hydrology, meteorology, astrology, seismology, etc. His work in the fields of earth science, geology, environment, etc is reflected in his magnum opus Brhat Samhita.<ref name=":3" />
 == References ==
 <references />

@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 === महर्षिः कणादः ॥ Maharshi Kanada ===
-He is a famous scientist from 6th century. He is an important scientist of vauihekish sabha, a branch of Indian ancient philosophy. It is said that he was given name Kanad because he used to talk about kan or particles in his childhood. His sutra is known as Kanad sutra in vaishekh sutra, he was the first person to talk about molecule or anu. He believed that the smallest unit of physical world is nucleus of molecule which we cannot see from our naked wyes. Molecules cannot be divided or destroyed.
+Maharshi Kanada is the founder of the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">Chandradhar Sharma (1962), [https://ia800804.us.archive.org/25/items/IndianPhilosophyACriticalSurvey/Indian-Philosophy-A-Critical-Survey.pdf Indian Philosophy: A Critical Survey], U.S.A.: Barnes & Noble, INC.</ref> which incorporates within itself the ancient Indian tradition of physics.<ref name=":5">Roopa Narayan, [https://www.ece.lsu.edu/kak/roopa51.pdf Space, Time and Anu in Vaisheshika], Accessed on 13/10/2022.</ref>
-He believed that the work is made up of these molecules. Therefore, they can be divided. But the smallest unit is nucleus which cannot be divided. This principle of maharishi kanad matches with the present principle of molecule or nucleus.
+It is said that Maharshi Kanada was thus named because, as an ascetic, he used to live on the grains picked up from the fields. Interestingly, 'Kana' also means a particle and therefore, Kanada suggests one who spoke about particles.<ref name=":4" />
 === Nagarjun ===

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 His other work, the Brhat Samhita is encyclopedic in nature and within astronomy also covers wide range of topics like speed of planets, eclipse, rain etc.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
-== contributions in other field of science ==
+== अन्यशास्त्रेषु योगदानम् ॥ Contribution in Other Fields ==
-• Describe the contribution of Indian scientists in the other fields of science
+Ancient Bharata saw progress in other fields of science like chemistry, physics, agriculture, etc. as well. Brief description of some of the great scientists and their contribution in this regard is enumerated below.<ref name=":0" />
 === Kanad ===