Adharma (अधर्मः) - Revision history

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According to the Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15),

12. A man versed in righteousness should steer clear of the 5 forms (branches) of adharma (impiety), viz. vidharma, paradharma, abhasa, upama, chala, regarding them all as adharma (impiety).

13. Vidharma is that which, though practised as a dharma, obstructs real dharma (eg. black-magic). Paradharma is the course of conduct ordained for another varna or ashrama (e.g. fighting in the case of brahmanas). Upadharma is the heresy opposing the Vedas or hypocrisy, while chala is the distortion of the text showing apparent conformity to the letter of the scriptures or quibbling.

14. The course of conduct different from the duties (prescribed by the Vedas for different varnas and ashramas) in life but adopted according to one's fancy (e.g. the avadhuta mode of life) is (dharma-) abhasa.<ref>Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref>

== References ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:31, 1 July 2021
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−	{{StubArticle}}Every act or conduct which was in disobedience to rules of Dharma was called Adharma and was declared to be injurious to society and the individual.<ref name=":3">Justice M.Rama Jois, [https://www.vhp-america.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DHARMA_Ram_Jois.pdf Dharma The Global Ethic].</ref>	+	{{StubArticle}}Every act or conduct which was in disobedience to rules of Dharma was called Adharma and was declared to be injurious to society and the individual.<ref name=":3">Justice M.Rama Jois, [https://www.vhp-america.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DHARMA_Ram_Jois.pdf Dharma The Global Ethic].</ref><ref>M.Rama Jois (2004), Trivarga, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</ref>

	Dharma or virtue is conformity with the truth of things while, adharma or vice is opposition to it.<ref>Radhakrishnan, S. (1926). ''Hindu view of life''. George Allen And Unwin Ltd, London.</ref> In his instructions to Yudhishthira, Bhishma says, 'whatever creates conflict is Adharma, and whatever puts an end to conflict and brings about unity and harmony is Dharma.' Therefore, anything that helps to unite all and develop pure divine love and universal brotherhood, is Dharma. Anything that creates discord, split and disharmony and foments hatred, is Adharma.<ref name=":4">Swami Sivananda (1999), [http://www.dlshq.org/download/hinduismbk.pdf All About Hinduism], Uttar Pradesh: The Divine Life Society.</ref> Manu warns every individual in the following words:<blockquote>अधर्मेणैधते तावत् ततो भद्राणि पश्यति । ततः सपत्नात् जयति समूलस्तु विनश्यति ॥</blockquote><blockquote>''adharmeṇaidhate tāvat tato bhadrāṇi paśyati । tataḥ sapatnāt jayati samūlastu vinaśyati ॥''</blockquote>Meaning : Those who indulge in adharma attain immediate success and secure fulfillment of their desires. They overpower their opponents. But ultimately their ruin down to the roots is certain.<ref name=":3" />		Dharma or virtue is conformity with the truth of things while, adharma or vice is opposition to it.<ref>Radhakrishnan, S. (1926). ''Hindu view of life''. George Allen And Unwin Ltd, London.</ref> In his instructions to Yudhishthira, Bhishma says, 'whatever creates conflict is Adharma, and whatever puts an end to conflict and brings about unity and harmony is Dharma.' Therefore, anything that helps to unite all and develop pure divine love and universal brotherhood, is Dharma. Anything that creates discord, split and disharmony and foments hatred, is Adharma.<ref name=":4">Swami Sivananda (1999), [http://www.dlshq.org/download/hinduismbk.pdf All About Hinduism], Uttar Pradesh: The Divine Life Society.</ref> Manu warns every individual in the following words:<blockquote>अधर्मेणैधते तावत् ततो भद्राणि पश्यति । ततः सपत्नात् जयति समूलस्तु विनश्यति ॥</blockquote><blockquote>''adharmeṇaidhate tāvat tato bhadrāṇi paśyati । tataḥ sapatnāt jayati samūlastu vinaśyati ॥''</blockquote>Meaning : Those who indulge in adharma attain immediate success and secure fulfillment of their desires. They overpower their opponents. But ultimately their ruin down to the roots is certain.<ref name=":3" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 16 July 2020
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−	{{StubArticle}}Every act or conduct which was in disobedience to rules of Dharma was called Adharma and was declared to be injurious to society and the individual.<ref>Justice M.Rama Jois, [https://www.vhp-america.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DHARMA_Ram_Jois.pdf Dharma The Global Ethic].</ref>	+	{{StubArticle}}Every act or conduct which was in disobedience to rules of Dharma was called Adharma and was declared to be injurious to society and the individual.<ref name=":3">Justice M.Rama Jois, [https://www.vhp-america.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DHARMA_Ram_Jois.pdf Dharma The Global Ethic].</ref>
		+
		+	Dharma or virtue is conformity with the truth of things while, adharma or vice is opposition to it.<ref>Radhakrishnan, S. (1926). ''Hindu view of life''. George Allen And Unwin Ltd, London.</ref> In his instructions to Yudhishthira, Bhishma says, 'whatever creates conflict is Adharma, and whatever puts an end to conflict and brings about unity and harmony is Dharma.' Therefore, anything that helps to unite all and develop pure divine love and universal brotherhood, is Dharma. Anything that creates discord, split and disharmony and foments hatred, is Adharma.<ref name=":4">Swami Sivananda (1999), [http://www.dlshq.org/download/hinduismbk.pdf All About Hinduism], Uttar Pradesh: The Divine Life Society.</ref> Manu warns every individual in the following words:<blockquote>अधर्मेणैधते तावत् ततो भद्राणि पश्यति । ततः सपत्नात् जयति समूलस्तु विनश्यति ॥</blockquote><blockquote>''adharmeṇaidhate tāvat tato bhadrāṇi paśyati । tataḥ sapatnāt jayati samūlastu vinaśyati ॥''</blockquote>Meaning : Those who indulge in adharma attain immediate success and secure fulfillment of their desires. They overpower their opponents. But ultimately their ruin down to the roots is certain.<ref name=":3" />

	The Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15) enumerating on Adharma says, those who have knowledge of righteous principles (true dharma), should steer clear of the five forms (branches) of adharma (impiety) known as follows<ref name=":0">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><ref name=":1">A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Srimad Bhagavatam (Seventh Canto), [http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/SB7.3.pdf Part 3-Chapters 10-15], 1976: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref>(Verses 12-14<ref name=":2">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref>):		The Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15) enumerating on Adharma says, those who have knowledge of righteous principles (true dharma), should steer clear of the five forms (branches) of adharma (impiety) known as follows<ref name=":0">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><ref name=":1">A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Srimad Bhagavatam (Seventh Canto), [http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/SB7.3.pdf Part 3-Chapters 10-15], 1976: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref>(Verses 12-14<ref name=":2">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref>):

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−	{{StubArticle}}	+	{{StubArticle}}Every act or conduct which was in disobedience to rules of Dharma was called Adharma and was declared to be injurious to society and the individual.<ref>Justice M.Rama Jois, [https://www.vhp-america.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DHARMA_Ram_Jois.pdf Dharma The Global Ethic].</ref>

	The Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15) enumerating on Adharma says, those who have knowledge of righteous principles (true dharma), should steer clear of the five forms (branches) of adharma (impiety) known as follows<ref name=":0">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><ref name=":1">A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Srimad Bhagavatam (Seventh Canto), [http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/SB7.3.pdf Part 3-Chapters 10-15], 1976: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref>(Verses 12-14<ref name=":2">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref>):		The Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15) enumerating on Adharma says, those who have knowledge of righteous principles (true dharma), should steer clear of the five forms (branches) of adharma (impiety) known as follows<ref name=":0">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><ref name=":1">A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Srimad Bhagavatam (Seventh Canto), [http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/SB7.3.pdf Part 3-Chapters 10-15], 1976: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref>(Verses 12-14<ref name=":2">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref>):

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 # Chala-dharma: दम्भो वा शब्दभिच्छलः |<ref name=":2" /> ''dambhō vā śabdabhicchalaḥ | ie.'' Distortion of the text (through mis-interpretation) showing apparent conformity to the letter of the scriptures or quibbling.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
 == References ==
 <references />

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	The Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15) enumerating on Adharma says, those who have knowledge of righteous principles (true dharma), should steer clear of the five forms (branches) of adharma (impiety) known as follows<ref name=":0">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><ref name=":1">A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Srimad Bhagavatam (Seventh Canto), [http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/SB7.3.pdf Part 3-Chapters 10-15], 1976: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref>(Verses 12-14<ref name=":2">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref>):		The Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15) enumerating on Adharma says, those who have knowledge of righteous principles (true dharma), should steer clear of the five forms (branches) of adharma (impiety) known as follows<ref name=":0">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><ref name=":1">A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Srimad Bhagavatam (Seventh Canto), [http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/SB7.3.pdf Part 3-Chapters 10-15], 1976: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref>(Verses 12-14<ref name=":2">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref>):

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-According to the Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15),
+The Bhagavata Purana (Skandha 7, Adhyaya 15) enumerating on Adharma says, those who have knowledge of righteous principles (true dharma), should steer clear of the five forms (branches) of adharma (impiety) known as follows<ref name=":0">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><ref name=":1">A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Srimad Bhagavatam (Seventh Canto), [http://prabhupadabooks.com/pdf/SB7.3.pdf Part 3-Chapters 10-15], 1976: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust.</ref>(Verses 12-14<ref name=":2">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref>):
+# Vidharma: धर्मबाधो विधर्मः |<ref name=":2" /> ''dharmabādhō vidharmaḥ | ie.'' Principles that obstruct one from following one's own true dharma are called Vidharma.<ref name=":1" />
-. A man versed in righteousness should steer clear of the 5 forms (branches) of adharma (impiety), viz. vidharma, paradharma, abhasa, upama, chala, regarding them all as adharma (impiety).
+# Para-dharma: स्यात्परधर्मोऽन्यचोदितः |<ref name=":2" /> ''syātparadharmō'nyacōditaḥ | ie.'' Course of conduct ordained for another varna or ashrama (e.g. fighting in the case of brahmanas).<ref name=":0" />
+# Dharm-abhasa: यस्त्विच्छया कृतः पुम्भिराभासो ह्याश्रमात्पृथक् |<ref name=":2" /> ''yastvicchayā kr̥taḥ pumbhirābhāsō hyāśramātpr̥thak |'' ie. Pretentious course of conduct adopted, to willfully neglect the different duties prescribed by the Vedas for different varnas and ashramas, according to one's fancy (e.g. the avadhuta mode of life) is called dharma-abhasa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
-. Vidharma is that which, though practised as a dharma, obstructs real dharma (eg. black-magic). Paradharma is the course of conduct ordained for another varna or ashrama (e.g. fighting in the case of brahmanas). Upadharma is the heresy opposing the Vedas or hypocrisy, while chala is the distortion of the text showing apparent conformity to the letter of the scriptures or quibbling.
+# Upadharma: उपधर्मस्तु पाखण्डो |<ref name=":2" /> ''upadharmastu pākhaṇḍō | ie.'' Newly coined principles, specially those coined by people with false pride and those who oppose the principles of the Vedas is called Upadharma.<ref name=":1" />
+# Chala-dharma: दम्भो वा शब्दभिच्छलः |<ref name=":2" /> ''dambhō vā śabdabhicchalaḥ | ie.'' Distortion of the text (through mis-interpretation) showing apparent conformity to the letter of the scriptures or quibbling.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
 == References ==