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This value alone can instill in individuals the desire to perform their duty and to surrender/sacrifice their personal interests in the larger interest of the nation and/or humanity.

This value alone can instill in individuals the desire to perform their duty and to surrender/sacrifice their personal interests in the larger interest of the nation and/or humanity.

==== SAMANYA DHARMA ====

=== SAMANYA DHARMA ===

The meaning of Sanskrit word 'Dharma' as earlier indicated is very wide. It is not religion as understood nay misunderstood by many as a result of using that word for 'Dharma' in the absence of an equivalent word. In fact there is no word "corresponding to Dharma in any of the languages of the world. All the rules of righteous conduct of human beings in every sphere of human activity evolved from times immemorial in this country, fall within the meaning of the word 'Dharma' .It is Universal. Religion means the mode of worship of God by all believers calling Him by different names. Religions are many such as Shaivism, Smartha, Vaishnavite, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity and Parsi. It is personal and left to the choice of individuals. One can join or change one's religion according to one's urge and desire. Respect for all religions is Dharma. Dharma applies to all, whether they belong to any religion or not. It is code of conduct for all human beings for all time to come. It is eternal as indicated in Manu Chapter X-63 :<blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः । । १०.६३ । ।<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 10].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ astēyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । ētaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇyē'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (not coveting the property of others), Shoucham (purity), and Indriyanigraha ( control of senses) are, in brief, the common Dharma for all.

The meaning of Sanskrit word 'Dharma' as earlier indicated is very wide. It is not religion as understood nay misunderstood by many as a result of using that word for 'Dharma' in the absence of an equivalent word. In fact there is no word "corresponding to Dharma in any of the languages of the world. All the rules of righteous conduct of human beings in every sphere of human activity evolved from times immemorial in this country, fall within the meaning of the word 'Dharma' .It is Universal. Religion means the mode of worship of God by all believers calling Him by different names. Religions are many such as Shaivism, Smartha, Vaishnavite, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity and Parsi. It is personal and left to the choice of individuals. One can join or change one's religion according to one's urge and desire. Respect for all religions is Dharma. Dharma applies to all, whether they belong to any religion or not. It is code of conduct for all human beings for all time to come. It is eternal as indicated in Manu Chapter X-63 :<blockquote>अहिंसा सत्यं अस्तेयं शौचं इन्द्रियनिग्रहः । एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन्मनुः । । १०.६३ । ।<ref>Manusmrti, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 10].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ astēyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । ētaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇyē'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (not coveting the property of others), Shoucham (purity), and Indriyanigraha ( control of senses) are, in brief, the common Dharma for all.

==== RAJA DHARMA ====

=== RAJA DHARMA ===

This is equivalent to the modern Constitutional Law, Raja dharma regulated the power and duties of the King. The Atrisamhita declared that there were five fundamental duties of a king :-<blockquote>दुष्टस्य दण्डः सुजनस्य पूजा न्यायेन कोषस्य च सम्प्रवृद्धिः | अपक्षपातोर्थिषु राष्ट्ररक्षा पञ्चैव यज्ञाः कथिता नृपाणाम् ||</blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ astēyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । ētaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇyē'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: To punish the wicked, to honour (protect) the good, to enrich the treasury by just methods, to be impartial towards the litigants and to protect the kingdom -these are the five yajnas (selfless duties) to be performed by a king.

This is equivalent to the modern Constitutional Law, Raja dharma regulated the power and duties of the King. The Atrisamhita declared that there were five fundamental duties of a king :-<blockquote>दुष्टस्य दण्डः सुजनस्य पूजा न्यायेन कोषस्य च सम्प्रवृद्धिः | अपक्षपातोर्थिषु राष्ट्ररक्षा पञ्चैव यज्ञाः कथिता नृपाणाम् ||</blockquote><blockquote>''ahiṁsā satyaṁ astēyaṁ śaucaṁ indriyanigrahaḥ । ētaṁ sāmāsikaṁ dharmaṁ cāturvarṇyē'bravīnmanuḥ । । 10.63 । ।''</blockquote>Meaning: To punish the wicked, to honour (protect) the good, to enrich the treasury by just methods, to be impartial towards the litigants and to protect the kingdom -these are the five yajnas (selfless duties) to be performed by a king.

The coronation was a Diksha, a dedication, and a king bearing the crown became a Vrati, i.e., a person devoting his life to a cause (in this case, the service of the people.

The coronation was a Diksha, a dedication, and a king bearing the crown became a Vrati, i.e., a person devoting his life to a cause (in this case, the service of the people.

The Mahabharata has expressed the ideal with great clarity and precision. Shanti Parva Verse 3(1), Chapter-90, says:-

The Mahabharata has expressed the ideal with great clarity and precision. Shanti Parva Verse 3(1), Chapter-90, says:-<blockquote>धर्माय राजा भवति न कामकरणाय तु।<ref>Mahabharata, Shanti Parva, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-12-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5-090 Adhyaya 90].</ref> ''dharmāya rājā bhavati na kāmakaraṇāya tu।''</blockquote>Meaning: The proper function of the king is to rule according to Dharma (the law) and not to enjoy the luxuries of life.

/kekZ; jktk Hkofr u dkedj.kk; rqA

 

"The proper function of the king is to rule according to Dharma (the law) and not to enjoy the luxuries of life".

The above directive principle laid down five thousand years ago is of eternal value. It is very relevant now as many consider that securing political power is the golden opportunity to amass wealth indulging in extravagant and ostentatious living, enjoying all luxuries of life, conferring privileges on their kith and kin, undertaking foreign tours etc., misusing the power and position of the office, disregarding the law and morals, which is the root cause of rampant corruption, misappropriation of public funds and abuse of power which are prevailing now.

The above directive principle laid down five thousand years ago is of eternal value. It is very relevant now as many consider that securing political power is the golden opportunity to amass wealth indulging in extravagant and ostentatious living, enjoying all luxuries of life, conferring privileges on their kith and kin, undertaking foreign tours etc., misusing the power and position of the office, disregarding the law and morals, which is the root cause of rampant corruption, misappropriation of public funds and abuse of power which are prevailing now.

The above ideal is worthy of emulation by all those who take oath of office in different capacities according to the relevant Constitution under the present day Democratic system of Government; and they would do well to remember always that they are not merely wielders of power but they stand charged with the duty of rendering selfless service to the people in conformity with the constitution and the laws of the land.

The above ideal is worthy of emulation by all those who take oath of office in different capacities according to the relevant Constitution under the present day Democratic system of Government; and they would do well to remember always that they are not merely wielders of power but they stand charged with the duty of rendering selfless service to the people in conformity with the constitution and the laws of the land.

It was also made obligatory for the king to give equal protection to all his subjects without discrimination. On this subject, '<nowiki/>'''Manu Smriti'''' on Raja Dharma (IX-31) says :-

It was also made obligatory for the king to give equal protection to all his subjects without discrimination. On this subject, '<nowiki/>'''Manu Smriti'''' on Raja Dharma (IX-31) says :-

These most ancient provisions, show how, in this land, where the Vedas were regarded as Supreme, the disbelievers in the vedas were to be respected and protected.

These most ancient provisions, show how, in this land, where the Vedas were regarded as Supreme, the disbelievers in the vedas were to be respected and protected.

'''yksdk% leLrk lqf[kuks HkoUrqAA'''

Apart from the specific provision of the Raja Dharma, it has been the fundamental practice to pray individually as, well as collectively for the well being of all. This is evident from the following popular Sanskrit verse:<blockquote>सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः । सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद् दुःखभाग्भवेत् ॥ (Vajasaneyi Samhita)</blockquote><blockquote>''sarvē bhavantu sukhinaḥ sarvē santu nirāmayāḥ । sarvē bhadrāṇi paśyantu mā kaścid duḥkhabhāgbhavēt ॥''</blockquote>Meaning: Let all be happy, let all be free from diseases, let all see auspicious things and let nobody suffer from grief.

Let all people be happy

There is a prayer made in every temple every day to the following effect :<blockquote>लोकाः समस्ता सुखिनो भवन्तु || ''lōkāḥ samastā sukhinō bhavantu ||''</blockquote>Meaning: Let all people be happy.  

Our ancestors also laid stress on the principle that God is one despite the fact that people belonging to different religious faiths call him by different names and therefore by whatever name god may be addressed in offering obeisance the destination is the same. This principle has been forcefully expressed in the following verse:

'''vkdk'kkRifrra rks;a ;Fkk xPNfr lkxjeà loZnsoueLdkj% ds'koa izfr xPNfrAA'''

Our ancestors also laid stress on the principle that God is one despite the fact that people belonging to different religious faiths call him by different names and therefore by whatever name god may be addressed in offering obeisance the destination is the same. This principle has been forcefully expressed in the following verse:<blockquote>आकाशात् पतितं तोयं यथा गच्छति सागरम् | सर्वदेवनमस्कारः केशवं प्रति गच्छति ||</blockquote><blockquote>''ākāśāt patitaṁ tōyaṁ yathā gacchati sāgaram | sarvadēvanamaskāraḥ kēśavaṁ prati gacchati ||''</blockquote>Meaning: Just as the rain water corning down to the earth from the sky reaches the same ocean, obeisance to God by any name reaches the same destination - The one God by whatever name He is called.

The following prayer incorporated in the Upanishads, discloses the lofty ideals evolved in our culture from ancient times :

The following prayer incorporated in the Upanishads, discloses the lofty ideals evolved in our culture from ancient times :

May He (God) protect us both together; may Re nourish us both together; may we work conjointly with great energy; may our study be vigorous and effective; may we not hate anyone. Let there be peace, peace and peace.

May He (God) protect us both together; may Re nourish us both together; may we work conjointly with great energy; may our study be vigorous and effective; may we not hate anyone. Let there be peace, peace and peace.