Changes

== Eligible Receiver ==

== Eligible Receiver ==

While [[Vyasa Maharshi (व्यासमहर्षिः)|Veda Vyasa]] in [[Vyasa Smrti (व्यासस्मृतिः)|Vyasa Smriti]] (4.60) says that donors are hard to find, it is equally hard and a great deal of effort is required to identify a suitable recipient of charity.<ref name=":1">Kane, Pandurang. Vaman. (1941) ''History of Dharmasastra, Volume Two, Part 2.'' Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute</ref> Daksha (3.15) states <blockquote>मातापित्रोर्गुरौ मित्रे विनीते चोपकारिणि । दीनानाथविशिष्टेभ्यो दत्तन्तु सफलं भवेत् ॥ 15</blockquote><blockquote>mātāpitrorgurau mitre vinīte copakāriṇi । dīnānāthaviśiṣṭebhyo dattantu saphalaṁ bhavet ॥ 15</blockquote>Meaning : A gift made to one's parents, guru, friend, to a well conducted man, to one who has laid the donor under obligation, to the poor, the helpless, those endowed with special excellence, leads to rewards.  

While Veda Vyasa in [[Vyasa Smrti (व्यासस्मृतिः)|Vyasa Smriti]] (4.60) says that donors are hard to find, it is equally hard and a great deal of effort is required to identify a suitable recipient of charity.<ref name=":1">Kane, Pandurang. Vaman. (1941) ''History of Dharmasastra, Volume Two, Part 2.'' Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute</ref> Daksha (3.15) states <blockquote>मातापित्रोर्गुरौ मित्रे विनीते चोपकारिणि । दीनानाथविशिष्टेभ्यो दत्तन्तु सफलं भवेत् ॥ 15</blockquote><blockquote>mātāpitrorgurau mitre vinīte copakāriṇi । dīnānāthaviśiṣṭebhyo dattantu saphalaṁ bhavet ॥ 15</blockquote>Meaning : A gift made to one's parents, guru, friend, to a well conducted man, to one who has laid the donor under obligation, to the poor, the helpless, those endowed with special excellence, leads to rewards.  

According to [[Mahabharata (महाभारतम्)|Mahabharata]], Vanaparva, in the context of to whom a gift of kapila cow or kapilago dana should be made the qualities of a Pratigrahita are described <blockquote>श्रोत्रियाय दरिद्राय गृहस्थायाग्निहोत्रिणे। पुत्रदाराभिभूताय तथा ह्यनुपकारिणे॥ (Maha. Vana. 200.27) एवंविधेषु दातव्या न समृद्धेषु भारत। </blockquote><blockquote>śrotriyāya daridrāya gr̥hasthāyāgnihotriṇe। putradārābhibhūtāya tathā hyanupakāriṇe॥ (Maha. Vana. 200.27) evaṁvidheṣu dātavyā na samr̥ddheṣu bhārata।</blockquote>Meaning : A brahmana who receives the dana (kapilago dana) should be one who performs [[Shrauta Yajnas (श्रौतयज्ञाः)|shrauta yajnas]], does not have any wealth, is a grihastha who performs nitya [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|agnihotra]], who bears rejection by wife and sons due to poverty and one from whom the donor has not received any favour not will not receive one in the future. To such a person one has to give but not one who is blessed with abundance.<ref name=":2" />

According to [[Mahabharata (महाभारतम्)|Mahabharata]], Vanaparva, in the context of to whom a gift of kapila cow or kapilago dana should be made the qualities of a Pratigrahita are described <blockquote>श्रोत्रियाय दरिद्राय गृहस्थायाग्निहोत्रिणे। पुत्रदाराभिभूताय तथा ह्यनुपकारिणे॥ (Maha. Vana. 200.27) एवंविधेषु दातव्या न समृद्धेषु भारत। </blockquote><blockquote>śrotriyāya daridrāya gr̥hasthāyāgnihotriṇe। putradārābhibhūtāya tathā hyanupakāriṇe॥ (Maha. Vana. 200.27) evaṁvidheṣu dātavyā na samr̥ddheṣu bhārata।</blockquote>Meaning : A [[Brahmin (ब्राह्मणः)|brahmana]] who receives the dana (kapilago dana) should be one who performs [[Shrauta Yajnas (श्रौतयज्ञाः)|shrauta yajnas]], does not have any wealth, is a grhastha who performs nitya [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|agnihotra]], who bears rejection by wife and sons due to poverty and one from whom the donor has not received any favour not will not receive one in the future. To such a person one has to give but not one who is blessed with abundance.<ref name=":2" />

Mahabharata's Dana Dharma Parva <ref name=":3">Daan-Dharm Parv. 13.1.37.8-15 (Ved Vyas, 2001, p. 5596).</ref> is wholly devoted to matters on Dana. On his deathbed, [[Bhishma (भीष्मः)|Bhishma]] explains the eligibility to receive to [[Yudhishthira (युधिष्ठिरः)|Yudhishtira]], the future king. Accordingly the receiver should have:

Mahabharata's Dana Dharma Parva <ref name=":3">Daan-Dharm Parv. 13.1.37.8-15 (Ved Vyas, 2001, p. 5596).</ref> is wholly devoted to matters on Dana. On his deathbed, [[Bhishma (भीष्मः)|Bhishma]] explains the eligibility to receive to [[Yudhishthira (युधिष्ठिरः)|Yudhishtira]], the future king. Accordingly the receiver should have:

* Lack of anger

* Lack of anger

* Truthfulness

* Truthfulness

More than the qualities of an eligible donee, the list of ineligible recipients is longer and given in detail in many [[Smrti (स्मृतिः)|smrtis]].

More than the qualities of an eligible donee, the list of ineligible recipients is longer and given in detail in many [[Smrti (स्मृतिः)|smrtis]].

=== Manusmriti ===

=== Manusmrti ===

[[Manusmrti (मनुस्मृतिः)|Manusmriti]] (4.193 to 200) contains a list of persons to whom gifts should not be made such as a brahmana who is like a cat or a hypocite or who does not know the [[Vedas (वेदाः)|veda]].

[[Manusmrti (मनुस्मृतिः)|Manusmrti]] (4.193 to 200) contains a list of persons to whom gifts should not be made such as a brahmana who is like a cat or a hypocite or who does not know the [[Vedas (वेदाः)|veda]].

=== Daksha smriti ===

=== Daksha smriti ===