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added shakas
Upanishad is that which is near". Upanishads are called the Jnanakanda of the vedas as they describe the tattva or nature of the Brahman and the different ways to attain Brahman (Panchagnividya). They contain the knowledge about Pranava, Brahma, Atma, Sristhi and paraloukika jnana. Upanishads are many in number with 108 most important ones and for 10 of which Srimad Shankaraacharya has given his commentaries.
Upanishad is that which is near". Upanishads are called the Jnanakanda of the vedas as they describe the tattva or nature of the Brahman and the different ways to attain Brahman (Panchagnividya). They contain the knowledge about Pranava, Brahma, Atma, Sristhi and paraloukika jnana. Upanishads are many in number with 108 most important ones and for 10 of which Srimad Shankaraacharya has given his commentaries.
== Vedic textual classification ==
== Vedic Textual structure ==
Vaidika mantras characteristically have the following four features : Rishi, Devata, Chandas, and Swara.
==== Shakha / Sakha ====
Shakas are editions of Vedas propounded by different rishis. Known by the names of the rishis they are exclusive versions of veda patha paddhati preserved through guru-shishya parampara. Shakhas can be classified into two types
# compilations without any variations in mantras from the original structure of vedas
# compilations with some variations in mantras different from original structure of vedas<ref>http://www.vedicgranth.org/what_are_vedic_granth/shaakha</ref>
According to MahaBhasya of Patanjali, there were 1131 Shakhas (21+101+1000+9) prevalent during his times.
एकविंशतिधा बाह्वृच्यम्। एकशतमध्वर्युशाखाः। सहस्रवर्त्मा सामवेदः। नवधाथर्वणो वेदः। पातन्जल महाभाष्य, पस्प-शाह्निक।
This includes the 4 Ved Samhitas. However, now only 16 of these Shakhas are available, which are as follows:
1. 5 of ऋग्वेदः '''शाकल: (Shaakala)'''(with and without Baal Khilya Sukta), बाष्कल: (Bhaashkala), आश्वलायन: (Aashvalaayana), शांखायन: (Shaankhaayana) and माण्डूकाय (Mandukaaya)
2. 6 of यजुर्वेदः
a. 3 of शुक्ल-यजुर्वेदः'''वाजसनेयी (Vaajasaneyi)''' or माध्यन्दिनी (Maadhyandini) and काण्व (Kaanva)।
b. 3 of कृष्ण-यजुर्वेदः तैत्तिरीय: (Taittiriya), मैत्रायणी (Maitraayani), कठ: (Katha), and कपिष्ठल (Kapishhthala)।
3. 3 of सामवेदः '''कौथुमीय (Kauthumiya)''', राणायनीय (Ranaayaniya) and जैमिनीय (Jaiminiya)
4. 2 of अथर्ववेदः '''शौनक (Shaunak)''' and पैप्लाद: (Paipalaada)
Mantra
Mantra
Kanda
Kanda
Parishishta
Sukta
Sukta
Pani
Pani
== Vaidika Kriyas ==
Yagnam
Yagnam