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Line 41: − + − + − # compilations without any variations in mantras from the original structure of vedas − # compilations with some variations in mantras different from original structure of vedas<ref name=":32">http://www.vedicgranth.org/what_are_vedic_granth/shaakha</ref> − According to MahaBhasya of Patanjali, there were 1131 Shakhas (21+101+1000+9) prevalent during his times. − − एकविंशतिधा बाह्वृच्यम्। एकशतमध्वर्युशाखाः। सहस्रवर्त्मा सामवेदः। नवधाथर्वणो वेदः। पातन्जल महाभाष्य, पस्प-शाह्निक। − − This includes the 4 Ved Samhitas. However, now only 16 of these Shakhas are available, which are as follows: − − 1. 5 of ऋग्वेदः '''शाकल: (Shaakala)'''(with and without Baal Khilya Sukta), बाष्कल: (Bhaashkala), आश्वलायन: (Aashvalaayana), शांखायन: (Shaankhaayana) and माण्डूकाय (Mandukaaya) − − 2. 6 of यजुर्वेदः − − a. 3 of शुक्ल-यजुर्वेदः'''वाजसनेयी (Vaajasaneyi)''' or माध्यन्दिनी (Maadhyandini) and काण्व (Kaanva)। − − b. 3 of कृष्ण-यजुर्वेदः तैत्तिरीय: (Taittiriya), मैत्रायणी (Maitraayani), कठ: (Katha), and कपिष्ठल (Kapishhthala)। − − 3. 3 of सामवेदः '''कौथुमीय (Kauthumiya)''', राणायनीय (Ranaayaniya) and जैमिनीय (Jaiminiya) − − 4. 2 of अथर्ववेदः '''शौनक (Shaunak)''' and पैप्लाद: (Paipalaada)<ref name=":32" /> − Mantras are the fundamental recitation units of all Vedic literature and the most widely used sound forms. Mantra (Samskrit : मन्त्रः) according to Shabdakalpadruma is given as मन्त्र्यते गुप्तं परिभाष्यते इति and the root word is 'मत्रि' in the meaning गुप्तभाषणे । secret conversation<ref>[https://sa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0 Mantra as given in Samskruta Dictionaries of Wikisource]</ref>. + − * In the textual content, mantra is the division in each Veda. Each Veda contains mantras as ultimate meaningful structure, called as Rk (Rik, Ruk) in Rig veda, Yajus in Yajurveda and Saaman in Saamaveda termed as mantra<ref name=":22">http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Mantra</ref> all of which are grouped under the respective Samhita part. − − * Mantras include Aksharas or letters (Beejaksharas), words or sentences (Gayatri mantra, Siva Panchakshari, Vishnu dvadasakshari mantras) associated with different deities. − * Mantra recitation requires initiation procedure for the study and should be learnt under the guidance of a Guru only. − * Mantra is that which protects upon continuous repetition, contemplation “mananat trayate iti mantrah”, of a word or statement, (either in prose or poetic form). − * Mantras includes both poetical verses (Rks) or prose presentations (Yajus and Brahmanas) − * Mantras are to be uttered in specific way and are governed by specific rules regarding their recitation. (Srauta Sastras) Mantras bring about beneficial results on proper recitation or harmful results on improper utterance (Vrttrasura Jananam). − * Mantra recitation may be internal (Japam) or uttered loudly (Nigada)<ref name=":22" />. − * Study of Mantras is called Mantra Sastra. Every mantra is a letter or word and has two aspects - Dhvani (Sound) and Swara (Intonation). − * Vedas and vaidika vaangmaya expound that every karma should be performed using mantras. Thus, mantras are uttered in all walks of life for all activities starting from nityakarmas or mundane activities (waking up, bathing, eating, sleeping etc) to worship (spiritual or ritualistic), adhyayana (education), propitiation of deities (tantras), yagnas and homas, for health (ayurveda), pujas and celebrations and crematory rites. − ,ऋग्वेदे . ६७ . ४ . ७४ .“ प्रनूनं ब्रह्मणपतिर्मन्त्रं वदत्युक्थम् Line 162:
Line 133: − # Pt. Bhagavad Datta and Hansraj. (1926), Vaidika- Kosha, Varanasi : Vishvabharati Anusandhana Parishad (Link : https://ia800609.us.archive.org/24/items/HindiBook-vaidika-kosh.pdf/HindiBook-vaidika-kosh.pdf)
added hyperlinks
Vedas have evolved over a period of time and the language and structure of these texts are highly preserved over thousands of years. However, as the vedic literature expanded the need to understand different aspects of them was required and thus developed the study of ancillary subjects such as Vedaangas and Puranas.
Vedas have evolved over a period of time and the language and structure of these texts are highly preserved over thousands of years. However, as the vedic literature expanded the need to understand different aspects of them was required and thus developed the study of ancillary subjects such as Vedaangas and Puranas.
The vast vaidika vaangmaya came to include new terms which where defined in subsequent ages by maharishis. Following are the definitions of some terms associated with vedas and vaidika vaangmaya some of which were not used in the Vedas but came into being in an attempt to understand them. The list is vast and not all compassing, many Vaidika koshas of many volumes contain the inexhaustive compilation of innumerable words that are seen in Veda and vedangas.
== Vaidika Koshas ==
The vast vaidika vaangmaya came to include new terms which where defined in subsequent ages by maharishis. Following are the definitions of some terms associated with vedas and vaidika vaangmaya some of which were not used in the Vedas but came into being in an attempt to understand them. The list is vast and not all compassing, many Vaidika koshas<ref>[https://ia800609.us.archive.org/24/items/HindiBook-vaidika-kosh.pdf/HindiBook-vaidika-kosh.pdf Pt. Bhagavad Datta and Hansraj. (1926), ''Vaidika - Kosha'', Varanasi : Vishvabharati Anusandhana Parishad] </ref> of many volumes contain the inexhaustive compilation of innumerable words that are seen in Veda and vedangas.
== Vaidika granthas ==
== Vaidika granthas ==
==== Shrutis ====
==== Shrutis ====
== Vedic Textual structure ==
== Vedic Textual structure ==
Vaidika mantras characteristically have the following four features : Rishi, Devata, Chandas, and Swara.
Vaidika mantras characteristically have the following four features : Rishi, Devata, Chandas, and Swara.
==== Shakha / Sakha ====
==== वैदिकशाकाः ॥ Vaidika Shaakhas ====
Vaidika Shakas are paathantharas or alternate editions of Vedic recitations propounded by different rishis. Known by the names of the rishis they are exclusive versions of veda patha paddhati preserved through guru-shishya parampara. Shakhas can be classified into two types
[[वैदिकशाकाः ॥ Vaidika Shaakhas]] are paathantharas or alternate editions of Vedic recitations propounded by different rishis. Known by the names of the rishis they are exclusive versions of veda patha paddhati preserved through guru-shishya parampara.
==== Mantra ====
==== Mantra ====
[[Mantra|मन्त्रः ॥ Mantra]] is the fundamental unit of all Vedic literature and a group of mantras form a Sukta, which is the most widely used recitation unit of vedas. Mantra (Samskrit : मन्त्रः) according to Shabdakalpadruma is given as मन्त्र्यते गुप्तं परिभाष्यते इति and the root word is 'मत्रि' in the meaning गुप्तभाषणे । secret conversation<ref>[https://sa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0 Mantra as given in Samskruta Dictionaries of Wikisource]</ref>.
==== Anuvaka ====
==== Anuvaka ====
Anuvaka is one classification or grouping of a set of mantras of Rig and Yajurveda.
Anuvaka is one classification or grouping of a set of mantras of Rig and Yajurveda.
Havishya
Havishya
== References ==
== References ==