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→परिचयः॥ Introduction
== परिचयः॥ Introduction ==
== परिचयः॥ Introduction ==
The concept of Padarthas is introduced by Nyaya and Vaiseshika darshanas. The very first sutra of Nyaya given by Gautama expounds sixteen categories that leads to the attainment of [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nihshreyasa]].<ref name=":6" /> Kanada on the other hand divides all nameable things into six classes by a subtle process of analysis and synthesis.<ref>Sinha, Nandalal. (1923) ''[https://archive.org/details/thevaiasesikasut00kanauoft/page/n12 The Vaiseshika Sutras of Kanada.]'' Allahabad : The Panini Office</ref>
The concept of Padarthas is introduced by Nyaya and Vaiseshika darshanas. Padarthas are entities of whose knowledge is essential for attaining the ultimate goal of life. The very first sutra of Nyaya given by Gautama expounds sixteen categories that leads to the attainment of [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nihshreyasa]].<ref name=":6" /> Kanada on the other hand divides all nameable things into six classes by a subtle process of analysis and synthesis.<ref>Sinha, Nandalal. (1923) ''[https://archive.org/details/thevaiasesikasut00kanauoft/page/n12 The Vaiseshika Sutras of Kanada.]'' Allahabad : The Panini Office</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Padarthas of Nyaya and Vaiseshika
|+List of Padarthas of Nyaya and Vaiseshika
== षोडशपदार्थाः ॥ Sixteen Categories ==
== षोडशपदार्थाः ॥ Sixteen Categories ==
<blockquote>प्रमाणप्रमेयसंशयप्रयोजनदृष्टान्तसिद्धान्तावयवतर्कनिर्णयवादजल्पवितण्डाहेत्वाभासच्छलजातिनिग्रहस्थानानाम्तत्त्वज्ञानात्निःश्रेयसाधिगमः ।।१।। {पदार्थोद्देशसूत्रम्} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.1)<ref name=":4">Nyaya Sutras ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 1 Ahnika 1])</ref></blockquote>Vastyayana Bhashya (Vats. Bhas. Nyay. Sutr. 1.1.1) (Page 14 of Reference <ref name=":5">Pt. Gangadhara Sastri Tailanga. (1896) The Nyayasutras with Vatsayana's Bhashya and Extracts from the Nyayavarttika and the Tatparyatika. ([https://archive.org/details/NyayaBhashyam-GangadharaTailanga/page/n48 Page 48 of PDF]) Benares : E. J. Lazarus & Co</ref>)
Nyaya expounds the <blockquote>प्रमाणप्रमेयसंशयप्रयोजनदृष्टान्तसिद्धान्तावयवतर्कनिर्णयवादजल्पवितण्डाहेत्वाभासच्छलजातिनिग्रहस्थानानाम्तत्त्वज्ञानात्निःश्रेयसाधिगमः ।।१।। {पदार्थोद्देशसूत्रम्} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.1)<ref name=":4">Nyaya Sutras ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83 Adhyaya 1 Ahnika 1])</ref></blockquote>Vastyayana Bhashya (Vats. Bhas. Nyay. Sutr. 1.1.1) (Page 14 of Reference <ref name=":5">Pt. Gangadhara Sastri Tailanga. (1896) The Nyayasutras with Vatsayana's Bhashya and Extracts from the Nyayavarttika and the Tatparyatika. ([https://archive.org/details/NyayaBhashyam-GangadharaTailanga/page/n48 Page 48 of PDF]) Benares : E. J. Lazarus & Co</ref>)
आत्मादेः खलु प्रमेयस्य तत्वस्य ज्ञानान्निःश्रेयसाधिगमः। तच्चैतदुत्तरसूत्रेणानूद्यत इति । हेयं, तस्य निर्वर्त्तकं, हानमात्यन्तिकं, तस्योपायोऽधिगन्तव्य इत्येतानि चत्वार्य्यपदानि सम्यक्बुद्ध्वा निःश्रेयसमधिगच्छति ।
आत्मादेः खलु प्रमेयस्य तत्वस्य ज्ञानान्निःश्रेयसाधिगमः। तच्चैतदुत्तरसूत्रेणानूद्यत इति । हेयं, तस्य निर्वर्त्तकं, हानमात्यन्तिकं, तस्योपायोऽधिगन्तव्य इत्येतानि चत्वार्य्यपदानि सम्यक्बुद्ध्वा निःश्रेयसमधिगच्छति ।