8,091
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 133:
Line 133: − + Line 160:
Line 160: − − == '''Development''' == Line 167:
Line 165: + + + + + + + + + + + +
→Geography
=== Shanti Patha Based Classification ===
=== Shanti Patha Based Classification ===
Based on the Shanti patha that is given in the beginning of the Upanishads the following classification is proposed.(Page 288-289 of Reference <ref name=":22" />)
Some upanishads are not related to any veda, while some are definitely associated with one or the other veda. Based on the Shanti patha that is given in the beginning of the Upanishads the following classification is proposed.(Page 288-289 of Reference <ref name=":22" />)
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+108 Upanishads Classified Based on Shanti Patha of Each Veda
|+108 Upanishads Classified Based on Shanti Patha of Each Veda
|Prashna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Brhadjabala, Nrsimhatapini, Narada parivrajaka, Sitaa, Sharabha, Mahanarayana, Ramarahasya, Ramatapini, Shandilya, Paramahamsa parivrajaka, Annapurna, Surya, Atma, Parambrahma, Pashupata, Tripuratapini, Devi, Bhavana, Bhasmajabala, Ganapati, Mahavakya, Gopalatapini, Krishna, Hayagriva, Garuda, Dattatreya, Atharvashikha, Atharvashiro Upanishads (31)
|Prashna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Brhadjabala, Nrsimhatapini, Narada parivrajaka, Sitaa, Sharabha, Mahanarayana, Ramarahasya, Ramatapini, Shandilya, Paramahamsa parivrajaka, Annapurna, Surya, Atma, Parambrahma, Pashupata, Tripuratapini, Devi, Bhavana, Bhasmajabala, Ganapati, Mahavakya, Gopalatapini, Krishna, Hayagriva, Garuda, Dattatreya, Atharvashikha, Atharvashiro Upanishads (31)
|}
|}
=== '''Authorship''' ===
=== '''Authorship''' ===
There are exceptions to the anonymous tradition of the Upanishads and other Vedic literature. The Shvetashvatara Upanishad, for example, includes closing credits to ''Shvetashvatara'', and he is considered the author of the Upanishad.
There are exceptions to the anonymous tradition of the Upanishads and other Vedic literature. The Shvetashvatara Upanishad, for example, includes closing credits to ''Shvetashvatara'', and he is considered the author of the Upanishad.
== Upanishad vishaya ==
The main concept of Upanishads is the discussion about Paramatmatattva. There are two kinds of Vidyas : Para and Apara. Of these Paravidya is supreme and is called Brahmavidya. Upanishads present the detailed discussion about Paravidya. Aparavidya is primarily related to Karmas, hence called Karmavidya. The fruits of Karmavidya are perishable while the results of Brahmavidya are indestructable. Aparavidya may not lead one to Moksha (may lead to svarga and other worlds) but Paravidya always gives Moksha.<ref name=":42222" />
Some terms which are well explained in the Upanishads include, Prkriti, Purusha, Paramatma, Jivatma, Maya, Brahman, Avidya etc. Based on their content Upanishads can be divided into six categories.
# Vedanta siddhanta
# Yoga siddhantas
# Samkhya Siddhantas
# Vaishnava Siddhantas
# Shaiva siddhantas
# Shakta siddhantas
According to the beliefs, principles and nature of a particular sampradaya, Upanishads have been composed in later days.
=== '''Geography''' ===
=== '''Geography''' ===